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THIS BCOK MAY NOT BE PHOTOCOPIED
i a
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1888.
A MUSE £4\> 1S FQ?
5 < \% Sago wy ona se”
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE. LONDON :
MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
ior ST
OF THE
COUNCIL AND OFFICERS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL
SOCIETY OF LONDON.
1888.
COUNCIL.
(Elected April 30, 1888.)
Proressor W. H. Frower, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., President.
Dr. Joun BREN Wittram T. Branrorp, Esq., E.R.S.
Masor-Gen. Henry Crerx, R.A., F.R.S.
Cuartes Drummonp, Esq., T'rea- surer.
Sir Joseph Farrer, K.C.S.L, F.R.S., Vice-President.
Joun P. Gasstor, Esq.
F. Du Cane Gopmay, Esq., F.R.S.
Cot. Jamus A. Grant, C.B.,C.8.1., E.R.S.
Dr. A. C. L. G. Gtnruer, F.R.S., Vice-President.
Anprrson, LL.D.,
Dr. Epwarp Haminron, V2ce- President. K. W. H. Hotpsworrn, Esq. Joun W. Hutrxs, Esq., F.RB.S. Dr. Sr. Groree Mrvart, F.R.S., Vice-President. ProressoR ALFRED NerwrTon, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President. Oszert Satvin, Esq., F.R.S. Howarp Saunpers, Hsq., F.L.S. Pairre Luriey Scrarer, Esq., M.A.,Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary. Josep Travers Surru, Esq. Surcron-Gen. L. C. Srewarr. Tur Lorp Waxrsincuam, F.R.S., Vice-President.
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS.
P. L. Scrater, Esq., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary. Frank HK. Bepparp, Esq., M.A., Prosector.
Mr. A. D. Barrrerr, Superintendent of the Gardens. Mr. F. H. Watrrnovse, Librarian.
Mr. Joun Barrow, Accountant.
Mr. W. J. Witrams, Chief Clerk.
LIST
OF THE CONTRIBUTORS,
With References to the several Articles contributed by each.
Page Bares, H. W., F.R.S., F.Z.S., &c.
On a Collection of Coleoptera from Korea (Tribes Geode- phaga, Lamellicornia, and Longicornia) made by Mr. J. H. PEER e RE BE Meas afer chasse stoi pcnial absiatale je tests fale 6) a ais) eisai 367
On some new Species of Coleoptera from Kiu-Kiang, ROTI) ayes cere ate emoye we acne ocs Syn Eee diem ain) Gora eS OO
BEpDDARD, FRANK E., M.A., F.R.S.E., F.G.S., F.Z.S., Prosector to the Society, Lecturer on Biology at Guy’s Hospital.
On certain points in the Visceral Anatomy of the Lacer- tila, particularly. of Monitors... . 22.225. ¥ 505% Guides te 98
Observations upon an Annelid of the Genus olosoma. CE latemeMly iran ct.) Saas genes « Memos else eb eis 213
Notes on the Visceral Anatomy of Birds.—No. II. On the Respiratory Organs in certain Diving Birds .......... 252
On certain Points in the Visceral Anatomy ot Baleniceps rex, bearing upon its Affinities..............0. 02 cee eee 284
Note on the Sternal Gland of Didelphys dimidiata .... 353 Note on a, New Gregarine a. 2 cide? fnyin pees arsds ss OOD
On certain Points in the Structure of Clitellio (Claparéde).
CBlate Re cic enc, ‘shade de cc slapiovacteve alae Mememae Bator? 460 a2
lv Page Bewt, F. Jerrrey, M.A., Sec. R.M.S., F.Z.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy in King’s College, London.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, three specimens of a daree Pemnatnlidhe wins tne gol k est + 2 ss ss otis oe 267
Descriptions of Four new Species of Ophiurids. (Plate
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of Cerianthus membranaceus in its tube «2... 2... ee ee ee ee we ee Eby vicy OOD
Report on a Collection of Echinoderms made at Tuticorin, Madras, by Mr. Edgar Thurston, C.M.Z.S., Superintendent, Government Ceutral Museum, Madras ................ 383
Bou.EnGER, G. A., F.Z.S.
Third Contribution to the Herpetology of the Solomon IRIAN SEs i ens ielecies) a cle weaittes om cc eae eE 86
Note on the Classification of the Ranide ............ 204
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the type specimen of a new Marsupial Tree-Frog (Nototrema fissipes) from Per-
TAIN DU COMEE Te hcic case ce 5 ce lle tee ee 219
Description of a new Land-Tortoise from South Africa, from Specimens living in the Society’s Gardens. (Plate b.G Vi ne See Se AE ellie PE Mae 251
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a new Genus of Snakes, SA ZEMLOPSY ECL North sieen sets ete te e+ sone e «=: + lhoheqeneneenetene 266
On the Scaling of the Reproduced Tail in Lizards ...... 351
On the Reptiles of Christmas Island........ SMe ny - 534
Butter, Artuur G., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Assistant Keeper of the Zoolsgical Department, British Museum.
On the Lepidoptera received from Dr. Emin Pasha .... 56
Vv
Descriptions of some new Lepidoptera from Kilima-
DjATO P4422 9 Matas Le ee eed aan e aeete a Os. Ah ert abate
On the Lepidoptera of Christmas Island............
CampBELL, F. M., F.Z.S. ©
Exhibition of a pair of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse, and remarks on the numerous recent occurrences of this bird in Western Europe ......
CockEReELL, T. D. A.
Letter from, containing remarks on Atavism ..........
Couuetrt, Professor Ropert, C.M.Z.S.
Exhibition of a nest, eggs, and two young ones in down of the Ivory Gull .
Cortes, E. C.
Letter from, asking for assistance in studying the question of Economic Entomology in India
Daty, D. D., Assistant Resident, British North Borneo.
On the Caves containing Edible Birds’-nests in British North Borne A hit tsr oes ot a eee, eee SY, ote
Davies, A. M., Assoc. Normal School of Science, S. Kensing- ton; and Howes, G.B., F.Z.S., F.L.S., Assistant Professor of Zoology, Normal School of Science and R. School of Mines, 8. Kensington.
Observations upon the Morphology and Genesis of Super- numerary Phalanges, with especial reference to those of the Amphibia. (Plates XXIV. & XXV.)............
Day, Francis, C.1.E., F.LS., F.Z.8.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of the Spanish Loach (Cobitis tenia) and of some hybrid Sai-
TUAGSTILEL SO ese oes eee nee See TR oie loli w atale eeeele tt teele «
Observations on the Fishes of India.—Part I....,......
Page
91 542
— AM
219
291
266
108
.. 495
vi Dresser, H. E., F.Z.S.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, an example of a new Species of Shrike (Lanius raddei) from the Transcaspian RIS DENCE SA Soto Seve, oR ch 'y Ses act, we ~ 515 ae ae ee eee
Druce, Hersert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
List of Lepidoptera Heterocera collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford at Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, with the De- scriptions of some new Species. (Plate XIII.) ..........
List of the Lepidoptera Heterocera, with Descriptions of the new Species, collected by Mr. C. M. Woodford at Aola, Guadalcanar Island, Solomon Islands. (Plate XXIX.)....
Drummonv-Hay, Lt.-Col. H. M., C.M.Z.S.
Exhibition of a specimen of the Desert Wheatear (Saxi- eola-deserts) killed in Scotland. ......3. 3. 002 «agkosb
Emin Pasna, Dr., C.M.Z.S.
Letter from, concerning the despatch of Natural History objects. 2 AEP OE. 08S ee
Frower, Wittiam Henry, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., President of the Society. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of a Japan- ese Domestic Cock with elongated upper tail-coverts ...... Fowter, G. Hersert, B.A., Ph.D., Assistant to the Jodrell Professor of Zoology, University College, London. On a new Pennatula from the Bahamas. (Plate VI.) Gapow, Hans, Ph.D., M.A., F.Z.S., Strickland Curator and
Lecturer on the Advanced Morphology of Vertebrata in the University of Cambridge.
Remarks on the Numbers and on the Phylogenetic Deve- lopment of the Remiges of Birds .. ....
Page
291
219
570
140
358
248
135
1) 655
Page Gauan, C. J., M.A.
On the Coleoptera of Christmas Island ............ .. 538
Gopwin-AvsTeEN, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.R.S., F.Z.S., &e.
On some Land-Mollusks from Burmah, with Descriptions of some new Species.—-Part I. .... 0... . eee eee eee ne 240
Grant, W. R. Oaitvir, F.Z.S.
Second List of the Birds collected by Mr. C. M. Wood- ford in the Solomon Archipelago. (Plate X.) ..... ne se A185
Ginroer, ALBERT, C.L.G., M.A., M.D., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum.
Report on a Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians sent by Emin Pasha from Monbuttu, Upper Congo .......... 50
Howes, G. B., F.Z.S., F.L.S., Assistant Professor of Zoology, Normal School of Science and Royal School of Mines, S. Kensington.
Note on the Azygos Veins in the Anurous Amphibia .. 122 Notes on the Gular Brood-pouch of Rhinoderma SEAN ADAAIO oat chic n/a A Sia tsinin Bes =) 8a Palin Le Gaia RCAE Pinan «aks inp saree 231 Howes, G. B., F.Z.S., F.L.S., Assistant Professor of Zoology, Normal School of Science and Royal School of Mines, (South Kensington), and Davies, A. M., Assoc. N.S.S.
Observations upon the Morphology and Genesis of Super- numerary Phalanges, with especial reference to those of the Amphibia. (Plates XXIV. & XXV.)........-..-0.---- 495
Howes, G. B., F.Z.8., F.L.S., &c., and Rip—ewoop, W.
On the Carpus and Tarsus of the Anura. (Plates VII.- DO) ee a ieiralehnc ane Soe Oslo Re wrest 141
vill Page Hutkg, J. W., F.RS., F.Z.S., &c.
Contribution to the Skeletal Anatomy of the Mesosuchia, based on Fossil Remains from the Clays near Peterborough in the Collection of A. Leeds, Esq. (Plates XVIII. Re as hie ewig. « att mee ciel, « aye + maaan 417
Irsy, Col. L. H., F.Z.S.
Exhibition, on behalf of Lord Lilford, of a specimen of Aquila rapax from Southern Spain .................... 248
Jacosy, Martin, F.E.S.
Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera from Raigkinni (CHMS) sre tt. cee htincy ss cals A cS 339
Kirpy, W. F., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum.
On the Insects (exclusive of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) of Christmas: Island ").05 Goer -, ieemune ei 46 oe ess aeeee lee
Layarp, E. L., F.Z.8., &c.
Extract from a letter concerning the distribution of some Land-Shells of the genus Stenogyra .... «2.22. se. e ees 358
Leecu, J. H., B.A., F.R.G.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S., &c.
On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea—Part II. Heterocera, Sect, I. (Plates XXX.-XXXII.) .......... 580
Laster, J. J., M.A., F.Z.S.
On the Natural History of Christmas Island, in the Indian Ocean.. (Plates KXVI/.& XV ACE ech). eaten 512
Loner, Sir E. G., F.Z.S8.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a very large tusk of an African Hlephant> Sava. 2.0: 25 soe peed pee ae eet Oe
ix Lussock, Sir Joun, Bart., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.
Extracts from a letter, addressed to him by Mr. George A. Treadwell, concerning a fatal case of poisoning from the bite of Heloderma suspectum
Moors, Freperic, F.Z.S8.
Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera, collected by Rev. J. H. Hocking, chiefly in the Kangra District, N.W. Himalaya....................05
Parker, W. Newron, F.Z.S., Professor of Biology in the University College of S. Wales and Monmouthshire.
On the Poison-Organs of Trachinus. (Plate XVII.)....
Pococs, R. I., Assistant Natural History Museum.
On the Arachnida, Myriopoda, and Land-Crustacea of @hristutas Wlandia carci cece ame oe «ol Eee ae ee Se oars
Ripewoop, W., and Howes, G. B., F.Z.S., F.L.S., &e.
On the Carpus and Tarsus of the Anura. (Plates VII.— ye sin coud cases open 0X sayarons rasan Na rabecsaye eam oder ieratthates, Same
Savin, Ossert, M.A., F.R.S. A Note on Ornithoptera victorie, Gray. (Plate IV.)
Saunpers, Howarp, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of the American Green-winged Teal shot in Devon ... ........
Sciater, Puiie Lutuey, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Society.
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in December 1887, and List of Specimens of the Genus Canis
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in January Pes8. 29255 See
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Pebrusry TSGR .. ..d nas. eimai. s oan ERs. ee
Page
266
390
399
556
141
. 116
469
x Page Exhibition, on behalf of Lt.-Col. H. M. Drummond-Hay,
C.M.Z.S., of a specimen of the Desert Wheatear (Sawicola deserts) Aalted, in, Scotland oj. {0 +si2 0 a ineignae «pec eer Jae
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in MACCHGLSRG «2:0 cs. ws Sates wc eee akan ee et ean ee
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in 2 Til Silo) of pa MRE M SMEs OPP EERE EAE HERE» oeranee ee 265
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in iE al ke os aa ed rc ae en Hee Aa 291 Exhibition, on the part of Mr. F. M. Campbell, F.Z.S., of
a pair of Pallas’s Sand-Grouse, and remarks on the numerous
recent occurrences of this bird in Western Europe ........ 291 Exhibition, on behalf of Prof. R. Collett, C.M.Z.S., of
a nest, eggs, and two young ones in down of the Ivory
1 Lille alae Bs Dae em cap OR od apes eee a aE 291 Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in June, July, August, September, and October, 1888 .......... - 413 Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Novembortsss... o2¢-c ge eaieeeeces sa sissies cereus 564 Srersoum, Henry, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a series of Pheasants from Mongolia, Thibet, and China .. ...........- 02+ 0 267 Exhibition of, and remarks upon, examples of Phasianus shawi from the valley of the Tarim River, and an example of P. tarimensis from, Leb-Nor):) ». (099-6026 <2) Geet 415 Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of /% anellus gregaris, B00t in TANCHRHITe oct one aiaieen > «=~ «fs ctae we 416 Suarpe, R. Bownter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Department of Zoology, British Museum. On a new Species of Hlainea from the Island of Fernando Norolia i ata te pp aint che ote seo Cite a ho oe 107
Descriptions of some new Species of Birds from the Island of Guadalcanar in the Solomon Archipelago, discovered by
Mr. C.ME“Woodtord’s... oo. te ee ee ee eee 182
xl
Note on Specimens in the Hume Collection of Birds.— No. 6. On some Species of the Genus Digenea ......--.-
List of a Collection of Birds made by Mr. L. Wray in the main Range of Mountains of the Malay Peninsula, Perak. RP late Ys) Vou. ael aaa <eels aR eats. iets... roe ad
SHE ttey, Capt. G. E., F.Z.S.
On a Collection of Birds made by Emin Pasha in Equa- fora Afmen. J)( Plate: UE.) iis cepa an Boa eee aie
Smira, Epear A., F.Z.S8.
On the Shells of the Albert Nyanza, Central Africa, obtained by Dr. Emin Pasha... «2... ee eee eee eee eee
On the Terrestrial Mollusks of Christmas Island........
Sowersy, G. B., F.Z.S., F.L.S. Descriptions of sixteen new Species of Shells. (Plate XI.)
Description of a Gigantic new Species of Aspergillum from Japan 25.2.0 bec c cee ete e ee coe m en enenaecenn
Descriptions of fourteen new Species of Shells from China, Japan, and the Andaman Islands, chiefly collected by Deputy Surgeon-Gen. R. Hungerford. (Plate XXVIII.) ........
Sreere, Professor J. B., C.M.Z.S.
Letter from, containing an account of the “Tamaron”’ of the Philippines .. 2. 0.550056 ee0m coh s ence e ne cinece os
STEWART, CHARLES. Exhibition of a preparation showing the Structure and Development of the Brood-pouch of Nototrema marsu- GULCEUEIR 5 oie sme vimim sie cin ain da icieepaiain eit bis, wie nape mela sa
Sutton, J. Buanp, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., Lecturer on Comparative Anatomy, Middlesex Hospital Medical College.
Remarks on some Abnormalities occurring among animals recently living in the Society’s Gardens .......... ne ee
268
17
52
536
207
290
565
413
219
xl Taczanowskl, Lapisuas, C.M.Z.S.
Liste supplémentaire des Oiseaux recueillis en Corée .. ..
TEGETMEIER, WILLIAM BERNHARD, F.Z.S.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, specimens of the feet of an Australian Rabbit
Tuomas, OLpFIELD, F.Z.S., Natural History Museum.
On a Collection of Mammals obtained by Emin Pasha in Equatorial Africa, and presented by him to the Natural History Museum. (Plates I. & IL.) ..............-+--
List of Mammals obtained by Mr. G. F. Gaumer on Cozumel and Ruatan Islands, Gulf of Honduras ..........
On a new and interesting Annectant Genus of Muride, with Remarks on the Relations of the Old- and New-World Members of the Family. (Plate V.) .......
Description of a new Genus and Species of Rat from New
Guinea. 2 say ag So hets one «sells ys om ca aaa eke On the Small Mammals of Duval County, South Texas ..
The Mammals of the Solomon Islands, based on the Collections made by Mr. C. M. Woodford during his Second Expedition to the Archipelago. (Plates XX.-XXII.) ....
On the Mammals of Christmas Island.............---
Tuomson, ARTHUR. Exhibition of a living specimen of the larval form of a Stick-insect (Empusa egena) ...... ++ ++ .e eee eee eens <
Report on the Insect-house for 1887 ...--.-+-+++++++5-
Tuurston, EpGar, C.M.Z.8.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a series of Marine Animals from the Gulf of Manar, Indian Ocean..........
Page
450
. 399
129
130
237
443
470
532
88
119
xill
Page Warren, W., M.A., F.E.S. On Lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in Western India in 1886 and 1887 okie eerie . 292 Wateruouss, Cuartes O., F.E.S. On some Coleoptera from Eastern Equatorial Africa, received trom limi PasWay . 2 o..c2 Sakae se nes Aas ate 8 86 Witson, Scorr BARCHARD. On Chloridops, a new Generic Form of Fringillide from thewisland’ of EEawaLt §.\. 2245 oi kers afs'svs telmintelnialmvasa se’ <'s 218 Wooprorp, C. M., F.Z.8. General Remarks on the Zoology of the Solomon Islands, and Notes on Brenchley’s Megapode ...............-.- 248 Woopwarp, A. Smiru, F.G.S., F.Z.S., of the British Museum (Natural History). Paleontological Contributions to Selachian Morphology.. 126
ERRATA.
Page 123, 8th line from top, for “also” read “alone.” » 251, 2nd line from top, for “ from a Specimen ” read “ from Specimens. », 266, 14th line from bottom, and page 267, 18th line from bottom, for “KE. E. Cotes” read ‘‘ E. C. Cotes.”
LIST OF PLATES.
1888.
Page Anomalurus pusillus +. 0... 0056 cece ec e see cee 5 Dendrohinanlemint inact. yo tales tea ers) ke eielenee indicatoriemint se ee hes ees ae hes eee 17 Ornithapierm@ etcroree Oe dice cg cee eevee i yaaa sie 116 COM SHfETRUGUILENS ie wre) vores eaten sisson slater Te etree 1380 Rennatulap bellissima. sends <acmaicen cree ke 135
Carpus and Tarsus of Aglossa and Discoglosside.... Carpus and Tarsus of Pelobatide, Hylide, and Bufo- | nide (Pseudophryne) > 141
IX. Carpus and Tarsus of Bufonide, Cystignathide, and |
DOG HOTUUCHE pokonaadiode sooeasens cpdboboG. ) X. Figs. 1, 2. Nasiterna aole (1 5,2 Q).. 1... seen 185
Fig. 5. Myzomela sharpei...... 1.0. see eveeeeeces
Ma New Shere! .rancerennn <r s cases cae eae cionn raya 207 NIN Ae OLOSOMANRERMLEY Ti antic aioe emis) csi ereiselels 2h) rere 213 ULES Eleterocen@ MOM! Pigio(s, os a{s/oin o's» © ss wales sone Wa omc oud ele 219 XSI E SoPld OO DISH fEMONILES Terie rales ier clase nie erases ose 251 VE CE OOVEMOC HEU WOT UYE. als a 'm oly no ta eas a ois 2 aos en es ame 268 MVI- “New Ophiuroidea ois... sess oes cee wa cmeeel ne 281 XVII. Poison-Organs of Trachinus ........00ceeeeeeeeees 359 ee Fossil Crocodilia ..........- oe kaedon sooo uN sob an 417
XX. Fig. 1. Pteropus woodfordi. Fig. 2. P. coronatus. Fig. 3. Péeraloper atrata .......-.eeeeeseeeees 470
XXI. Fig. 1. Pteropus woodfordi. Figs. 2, 3. P. coronatus. Figs. 4-7. Pteralopex atrata ........ Ala answenonin 470
XXII. Fig. 1. Anthops ornatus. Figs. 2, 3. Mus imperator. Figs. 4,5. Mus rex. Fig.6. Mus pretor ........ 470 XXII: Anatomy of Clitellio .. 11... 21. ee eee ecw ewe 485
Plate XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVIII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII.
Xvi
Page
Supernumerary phalanx and syndesmoses in Amphibia. . 495 Map of Christmas Island................ 0002s ee0 ee 512 ADT ERY DO ILTATS Gan 6 bonigaddo an sbadehoon0.os0Gac 512 New Shells........... ee Deo o oreo 565 New Lepidoptera Heterocera .............00200000- 570 Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea............+...++-. 580
LIST OF WOODCUTS.
1888.
Page Melanie UrtcinclG so. eke ce ence nen teen eee ne ss hese ee 3 CLO PGE CMAN oo oan agen we me ene apenas etme ene eee 54 Bythania walleri occ ccc eee ee ence eet tence eee eees 55 Diagrammatic section through body of Lacerta ..........-.-++++- 100 Diagrammatic section of Monttor ..... 0.0.00 ee escent terete eee 101 Diagrammatic section through the body of a Crocodile.......-.... 101 Liver, bile-ducts, &e. of Varanus salvator .....+..0eeee rece eee 105 The venous system of an adult of Rana temporaria ..........-++. 124 Pelvic cartilage of Cyclobatis oligodactyls ....++eseceeereee reas 128 A young leaf showing the triangular shape, the dorsal row of immature autozooids, and the ventral row of siphonozooids in Pennatula HAMEECHLO®, SE OOS OOSS SOO EEDA 0. ClbTI8 POA ORD US Bin OOS o Oe. ON Gir 136 Transverse section through an immature autozooid in Pennatula MAUBSTTININ Oe panes obb Da DOOO DUO GOSED OO pode SD OURO OOn Stor 137 Fusiform spicule, distributed over the feather and rachis in Pennatula PUBSRTIO oooo vse nedeoocbsou Rae naan Shoo GRon Opa DMged oI 159 Dumbbell-shaped spicules from the bulbous swelling of the stalk in Pennatula bellissima... 1-202 c ccc ee tec ecse teeter es rene 139 The pre-hallux of opposite sides in Hyla lichenata .......-...+.++- 151 Left fore foot, dorsal view, of Rana temporaria.........++++++5++ 174 Left hind foot, dorsal view, of Rana temporaria ......6+-+..-+55 176 Finger of Rhacophorus maximus... 1.2. v eevee eee eens 206 Finger of Rana afghand...... eee cece ene e nes 206 Gular sac of Rhinoderma darwint.... 0.00.0 eee eee eee 232
Gular sac of Rhinoderma darwini, opened up to display its contents. 233 Gular sac of Rhinoderma darwini, dissection to show the intestine
TMV Glen UMER anole Goo ABmano Uy obacua Sc905 odUN Docc pola 234 The floor of the mouth of Rhinoderma darwint ......+-. 6602 e eee 235 Longitudinal section of Rhinoderma darwint, Cine Pesce Ma nioedaaoe 236 Skuli of Chiruromys forbest ....00...ccee ec ee eee cette eee ee 238 Left upper and left lower molars of Chiruromys forbest............ 239 Dorsal view of middle and tip of tail of Chiruromys forbesi, to show
arrangement of scales ........--. ec eeee eee cee e ee ee tee eees 239 Dissection of Fratercula arctica, to illustrate disposition of oblique
ROPER oe cine sisja:s « hicteia soley oie cstarene a wivie s nie ie ila nie a sieiaya sn, LOG Diagrammatic transverse section through abdominal region of Emu,
to illustrate the oblique septum .........: eee seen e eee eee 257
Proc. Zoou. Soc.— 1888. b
xviii
Page Syrinx of Baleniceps rer—front View ...... 600 e eee eee eee eae 286 Syrinx of Baleniceps rev—posterior surface .....-- +. eee ee eee 286 Syrinx of Baleniceps rev—lateral view ....6.-+ ese ee eee eee eens 287 Syrinx of Baleniceps rex, to display the pessulus and membrana GyMipanifOrMis ..6. 5.6. e ee ee eee cee beer eee e weno ne ncams 287 Tails of Gymnophthalmus quadrilineatus and Ophisaurus gracilis, with reproduced terminal portion .....-.......ee sees ee ee ee ee eee 352 Didelphys dimidiata. Ventral view of head and neck, to show sternal 7) 71 a Ree tices ers Ly 9.4) tocre ayn iio SOOO ODS BX nist hag ODA Didelphys dimidiata. Stermal gland ......... 0+ ee eee eee eee eee. 354 Gregarine from body-cavity of Pericheta nove-zelandi@ .......... 357 Trachinus draco. External view of the left opercular bone and its SUNG ous sx cal tle eaten Oe eeiteays) ais st aie <i ol « Woah rca 362 Trachinus draco. Side view of the third dorsal spine ............ 362 Scapula of Metriorhynchus...-. 11. v cece cece ence eee cece 428 @oracoid of Metriorhynchus ... 1... sce csnsew esse ces cet enemenne 428 Cervical vertebrae of Stencosaurus 6. ccc e cee cece tence teen 434 Trunk vertebra of S£eneosaurus . 2... 22. cre reser c cen cncncrperes 435 @audals vertebra of SCeneOs@Urus) at ee miele ayes oe ieee 435 Anterior view of first sacral vertebra of Steneosaurus ............ 435 IEG Wore JEL AIORIUXIL IS (os DONA DDO OBOUD ID Os Ob00co a sto daco 452 Head of Haliaetus pelagicus 11.1... 020 secre s creer re reneeeee 453 Anterior segments of Hemitubifex ater (Clitellio ater, Clap.) ...... 486 Genital segments of Clitellio arenarius. ...eseeece cece cence cees 49] Oryptops MevrMipes oo. 21. o vere ese r ccs ce neteceteteeneecesense 557
Cylindrodesmus hirsutus i... cece cece ence ene tenn eeee 559
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1888.
(PLATES)
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PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE. LONDON :
MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
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List OF PLATES:
1888.
Plate Page T. Anomatlurus pusillus ... 2.2 0.20 1+. e see e ee eee eee 5
Ll. Dendrohyram emine ooo. iva. oo Ue seeslen ) Gea ee j NWS WECCHEMEP GID oo oo onhooauaneoHunop no wodsooooNG OL 7 IVES Oxnithontera: orctoricen je) 1a) ators ale sete = asi) or 116 We IDROMISYARRUGIGUS Goeaeradosbooska dnbocgogr soe cc 130 WG dazonon te (EIDE Mico 6 scccana BA cenase Bc00 doDore.de 135
VII. Carpus and Tarsus of Aglossa and Discoglosside... >
VIII. Carpus aud Tarsus of Pelobatide, Hylide, and Bufo- | ule (IRINA no mo gocedocsaeoo coboo abbot r 141
IX. Carpus and Tarsus of Bufonide, Cystignathide, and |
DOM MEMDIED, sh 0aacnoco0 sono nis oocD0Da aRa- ) X. Figs. 1,2. Nasiterna aole (1 5,2 Q).. 1... sees 185
Fig. 3. Myzomela sharpet.... 00.100 csee reece eee
ENTE cINew (Shell siiers:. eves sisiaiehe telalcbetehe vielen keleterate tes «ie 207 XII. Molosoma headleyt ....... 0002600 cet eweeeeeeee 213 XIII. Heterocera from Fiji.............-..00 eeeeee sees 219 XIV. Homopus femoralis ........ 00.0 ccc te eee eens 251 2. WG) TREC GI optcsbaeboobsocosubbmocsobbcd’ 268 XVI. New Ophiuroidea ...... 0 1. cece eect eee cence teens 281 XVII. Poison-Organs of Trachinus ....... 0... eee e evenness 359 hax Fossili@rocodiliais acrnt tonne en oie can el ere nae dere 417
XX. Fig. 1. Pteropus woodfordi. Fig. 2. P. coronatus. Big. 3. Péeralopes atrata. 2... eee eh le oa 470
XXI. Fig. 1. Pteropus woodfordi. Figs. 2, 3. P. coronatus. Figs. 4-7. Pteralopex atrata .........0-0eeeeeees 470
XXII. Fig. 1. Anthops ornatus. Figs. 2, 3. Mus imperator. Figs. 4,5. Mus rex. Fig. 6. Mus pretor ........ 470 XXII. Anatomy of Clitellio 2. 0 ...ccce erie nwesnsgrnes oe 485
Plate
XXIV. XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII. XXIX.
XXX. XXXI. XXXII.
iv
Supernumerary phalanx and syndesmoses in Amphibia. . 495
Map of Christmas Island..............00 cess ecee ee 512 AXTERW OS HUTS Sou ana Ghopbbacenaanacueaodanne 512 News Shel] 8235 oiesesccsictatelonerncchocensnelersuassho ets teers ore te ote 565 New Lepidoptera Heterocera ............seecuveees 570 Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea........+-. 00 eee 580
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
January 17, 1888. Dr. A. Giinther, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The Secretary read the following report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie during the month of December 1887 :—
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of December was 35, of which 17 were by presentation, 2 by birth, 2 by purchase, 2 by exchange, and 12 were received on deposit. The total number of departures during the same period, by death and removals, was 117. - Amongst these I may call attention to a small Fox from Afghanistan, presented by Lieut.-Col. Sir Oliver B. C. St. John, K.C.S.L, F.Z.S., which should probably be referred to the species shortly noticed by Blyth (Journal As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxiii. p. 730, 1884) as Vulpes gripithi. It is, however, as Mr. Blanford informs me, somewhat doubtful whether the species is really distinct from Vulpes leucopus (Blyth), the small Desert-Fox of Western India.
This specimen has been lodged in the New Wolves’ and Foxes’ Dens lately finished, to which I wish to call special attention, as this is the first occasion on which our specimens of the genus Canis have been arranged in a connected series. I add a list of the speci- mens now living in the collection :—
List of Specimens of the Genus Canis now living in the Society’s Gardens. 1, 2. Canis lupus, 6 2. Received in exchange, Dec. 5, 1887. 3. Canis lupus, 3. Presented by C. 8. Hardy, Esq., Dec. 14, 1887. This is a large animal of unknown origin, and may possibly be referable to Canis occidentalis of North America. Proc. Zoot. Soc.— 1888, 1
2 THESECRETARY ON ADDITIONS TO THE MENAGERIE. [Jan. 17,
4. Canis niger, §. Received in exchange from the Zool. Gardens, Calcutta, May 5, 1883, to which institution it was presented by Major Fred. Clowes.
5. Canis vulpes. Presented by Mr. Thos. Legg, July 30, 1884.
6. Canis vulpes. Presented by Lady Brassey, F.Z.S., Feb. 21, 1885.
7. Canis vulpes. Presented by A. B. Priestley, Esq., July 3, 1886.
8. Canis vulpes. Presented by C. Heseltine, Esq., July 8, 1885.
9, 10, 11. Canis lagopus. Presented by T. Nordenfelt, Esq.,
C.E., Sept. 27, 1887.
12. Canis javanicus, §. Purchased, Sept. 29, 1887.
13. Canis aureus. Presented by J. Smith, Esq., Aug. 22, 1878.
14. Canis aureus,2. Presented by Capt. W. Geake, Sept. 23, 1887.
15. Canis grifithi. From Afghanistan. Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir O. B. C. St. John, Dec. 29, 1887.
16. Canis anthus,g. Presented by Capt. W. F. Wardroper, Dec. 4, 1882.
17. Canis anthus,?. Presented by A. ‘I’. Marsh, Esq., Sept. 14, 1886.
18, 19. Canis mesomelas,3 2. Presented by F. Mosenthal, Esq-, May 12, 1886.
20, 21. Canis lateralis, $ Q. Purchased, May 28, 1886.
22. Canis pallidus. Presented by Capt. J. S. Talbot, Nov. 24, 1885.
23. Canis chama. Purchased, June 26, 1886.
*24. Canis latrans. Presented by R. Payne, Esq., July 8, 1884.
25. Canis latrans,g. Presented by. Prof. C. M. Vincent, Aug. 21, 1887.
26. Canis latrans,?. Presented by Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, F.Z.S., Dec. 5, 1885.
27. Canis fulvus. Deposited, Nov. 10, 1876.
28. Canis fulvus. Presented by Messrs Ensor, Weber & Co., July 23, 1886.
29. Canis fuluus. Presented by Miss Cameron, Sept. 24, 1887.
30. Canis velox. Received in exchange, Jan. 17, 1885.
31. Canis virginianus. Received in exchange, Oct. 23, 1886.
32. Canis azare. Purchased, June 16, 1885.
33. Canis rudis,$. Presented by Capt. J. Smith, Sept. 30, 1886.
34. Canis rudis. Purchased, Dec. 2, 1886.
35. Canis fulvipes (Tierra del Fuego). Presented by Miss M. M. Wroughton, Sept. 26, 1887.
36. Canis dingo,?. Deposited, July 4, 1887.
* Tt is doubtful whether the animal presented by Mr. R. Payne as captured
in Epping Forest is really of this species. It seems in some respects to be more like the North-African Canis anthus.
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1888. ] ON MAMMALS FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 3
Mr. F. Day, F.Z.S., exhibited a specimen of the Spanish Loach, Cobitis tenia, captured the previous week at Hungerford.
Mr. Day also exhibited two specimens of hybrid Salmonidee from Howietoun, both of which had been removed from the ponds on Dec. Ist, 1887. The first was of the leopard breed, 13-2 inches long, and one of the progeny from 8000 eggs of an American Char (Salmo fon- tinalis), taken on November 15th, 1882, milted from a Loch-Leven Trout. Although 4 years and 10 months of age, this was the first season that they had been observed to be fertile ; the specimen was a female full of nearly ripe eggs. The second fish was one of the zebra breed, 18 inches long, 3 lb. in weight, and one of those raised from 3000 ova of the Loch-Leven Trout taken on November 29th, 1883, and milted from an American Char. This fish, 3 years and 10 months old, was also a fertile female. The external colours in these two forms were very similar, and coloured drawings of the hues exhibited by the fish when first captured were likewise shown. These fishes were covered with reticulations or vermiculated lines on a grey or silvery ground, and differed in appearance from either of their parents. But the most remarkable feature was the dentition of the vomer, for in the Char teeth are only found along the hind edge of the head of that bone, not along its shaft, where they are, however, present in Trout. In these hybrids the hind edge of the head of the vomer was toothed as in a Char, and also for a short distance along the shaft of that bone, where three or four teeth were to be seen. Thus a fertile form could be produced, differing in external colours from Trout or Char, and having neither the dentition of S. salvelinus nor of true S. fario, but a compound between the two. If such a form had been captured wild, and it is now so found in Car- diganshire, doubtless it would have been referred to a new species.
The following papers were read :—
1. On a Collection of Mammals obtained by Emin Pasha in Equatorial Africa, and presented by him to the Natural History Museum. By Oxprintp THomas.
[Received December 14, 1887.] (Plates I. & II.)
The Mammals recently received by the Natural History Museum from Dr. Emin Pasha number 115, belonging to 39 species—a col- lection which is of the utmost value as a contribution to our know- ledge of the Central-African fauna, and one which reflects the highest credit on the energy and scientific spirit of the man by whom it was formed. When the cares and anxieties of a person in the position of responsible governor of a large and turbulent African province are considered, it seems wonderful that Emin should have
been able to make any collections at all, and still more should have 1*
4 MR. O. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM [Jan. 17,
made such a collection as the present, nearly every specimen of which has been carefully labelled in his own handwriting, with the date, sex, and exact locality—particulars which add enormously to its scientific value.
The great mass of the collection was not obtained at Dr. Emin’s headquarters, on the Upper Nile, but in a district called Monbuttu (lat. 2° 30' N., long. 27° 50’ E.), just within the Congo basin’, and separated by the Congo-Nile watershed from the Wadelai region. There, practically, all the interesting forms were collected; and, considering their number, and especially their strongly marked geographical character, the general affinities of the mammal-fauna of this district may now be looked upon as settled ; their affinities are discussed at the end of the present paper.
Of the more recent papers on the Central-African mammal-fauna the three following are the most important:—
1. Pagenstecher, Dr., ‘ Die von Dr. G. A. Fischer, auf der im Auftrage der geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternom- menen Reise in das Massai-Land gesammelten Siugethiere ” *.
2. Noack, H., “‘ Beitraige zur Kenntniss der Siiugethier-Fauna von Ost- und Central-Afrika’’®*.
3. Leche, W., ‘Ueber einige von Emin Pascha gesammelte afrikanische Siiugethiere”’ *.
The first of these contains notes on 31 species of mammals, but the region explored by Dr. Fischer has so different a fauna from Monbuttu, that only some three or four species, and those very widely spread, are common to both collections’.
Dr. Noack’s paper also, based on the mammals collected by Dr. Bohm in the Marungu country, on the south-west coast of Lake Tanganyika, refers to a fauna very different to that of Monbuttu, although several species, and those some of the most interesting (e. g. Scturus boehmi and Mus kaiseri), are found in both districts.
Finally, Dr. Leche’s paper is founded, like the present one, upon specimens collected by Emin Pasha. Fifteen species are enumerated, but these come chiefly from the Upper Nile district, only three of them occurring also in the Monbuttu collection. The localities given are so widely scattered that the paper, although important for the histories of the individual species, gives but little definite faunistic information.
There is also a list of 71 species observed in Niam-niam-land, given at the end of Dr. Schweinfurth’s ‘Im Herzen von Afrika,’ but
1 On the assumption that the Uelle is really an affluent of the Congo, and does not run, as has been suggested, north-westwards to Lake Chad or into the Niger basin.
? JB. Mus. Hamburg, 1884, pp. 32-46 (1885).
3 Zool. Jahrb. ii. pp. 193-302, pls. viii—x. (1887).
* Zool. Jahrb. iii. pp. 115-126, pls. iii. and iv. (1887).
° Dr. Pagenstecher (pp. 40 and 41) places Gazella thomsoni and Alcelaphus coket as synonyms of G. granti and A. lichtensteini respectively, observing that they are “figured but not described” in Thomson’s ‘ Masai-Land,’ 1885. He seems, therefore, to be unaware that these species were originally described by Dr. Ginther (Ann. & Mag. N. H. [5] xiv. p. 426, 1884).
1888. ] EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 5
the list is a merely nominal one, except that the different native names of the animals are all carefully recorded. Two of Dr. Emin’s West-African animals, the Chimpanzee and Galago demidoffi, occur in the list.
The 39 species in the present collection consist of 3 Primates, 8 Carnivora, | Insectivore, 3 Bats, 1 Ungulate, 1 Edentate, and no less than 22 Rodents, Dr. Emin having wisely paid most attention to the latter group, in which our knowledge of the smaller forms is still so exceedingly incomplete.
1. ANTHROPOPITHECUS TROGLODYTES (Gm.).
a. Skeleton, ¢ (incomplete). Bellima, Monbuttu. b, ec. Skulls, old ¢ andimm. Monbuttu.
Without further material, and a much fuller examination than is now possible of the whole genus, it is impossible to determine to which of the races of Chimpanzee these specimens should be assigned, and I therefore place them provisionally under the name of the common West-African species. Chimpanzees from this region have received the names of Troglodytes schweinfurthi', and T. niger, var. marungensis*, but the evidence in favour of this dis- tinction seems to be as yet exceedingly meagre. Some notes on an acrocephalous skull of a Chimpanzee, also obtained by Dr. Emin, were contributed to this Society by Prof. Flower in 1882 (P.Z.S. 1882, p. 634).
2. CoLoBUS GUEREZA, Riipp. a. Immature. On the Nambiri*®, Sandeh (=Niam-niam) land, 20/7/83. This species is also mentioned by Schweinfurth as occurring in Niam-niam.
3. GALAGO DEMIDOFFI, Fisch.
a. &. Stat. Gadda, Monbuttu, 18/3/84. 6. &. Stat. Gadda, Monbuttu, 3/5/84. *Tride flavo-umbrina. Monbuttu name ‘ Nensi.’ ”—E.*
This species, like the last, was observed by Schweinfurth in Niam-niam, but has otherwise only been recorded from West Africa.
4, Friis serVALINA, Ogilb. a. Immature.
As this specimen is immature, having its milk-teeth still in place, it does not afford any additional information as to the vexed question of the relation of F. servalina to the true F. serval, except
1 Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Genov. iii. p. 56 e¢ segg. (1872). See also Peters, SB. Nat. Freunde, 1869, p. 25; Issel, Ann. Mus. Genoy. i. p. 56 ef segg. (1870) ; Hartmann, Arch. Anat. Phys. 1872, p. 474 e¢ segg.; and Schweinfurth, ‘Im Herzen von Afrika,’ i. p. 558 (1874).
2 Noack, /. c. p. 291 (1887).
* The exact position of this locality Iam quite unable to find in any of tho maps at my disposal.
“ The particulars marked “ HE.” are those noted on the labels by Emin Pasha,
6 MR. 0. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM (Jan. 17,
in so far as it shows the constancy at different ages of the peculiar coloration to which the name of F. servalina has been applied. The specimen has lost its label, but is no doubt one of the Mon- buttu series.
5. Fenis caLuicATa, Temm.
a. dg. Tingasi, Monbuttu, 16/10/83. 6.3. Stat. Gadda, 14/5/84.
c. Juv.
“Tride fulva. Lives in the woods. Monbuttu name ‘ Nango’ or ‘ Kao.’ ”—E.
[FELIS CALIGATA DOMESTICATA. a. Lado. 12/83. ‘* Bastard between F’. caligata 4 and F. domestica 9 .’’—E.]
6. GeENETTA TIGRINA, Schr. a,b. 2 and juv. Lado, 5/12/s=. “Caught with three young in its nest. A severe biter, anda great enemy to poultry. Ejected a fetid fluid on capture.’”’—E. I only use the above name provisionally, until the species of Genets are properly worked out, which will probably result in the union of nearly all the so-called different species.
7. POIANA RICHARDSONI, Thomps. a. Juv.
An immature individual of this exceedingly rare and interesting species quite agrees with the typical specimen in the Museum col- lection. It is unfortunate that its label has been torn off, so that its exact locality is unknown ; but as the species is a strictly West- African one, having only hitherto been recorded from Fernando Po and Sierra Leone, it was, no doubt, obtained in the Monbuttu district, where the whole of the purely West-African species were collected.
8. CROSSARCHUS ZEBRA, Riipp.'
a, &. Tingasi, 1/7/83.
b. S. Stat. Gadda, 18/1/84.
c. g. Stat. Gadda, 20/1/84.
‘‘Tride fusco-flava. ‘ Ndoto’ (Monbuttu).’’—E.
Notes on the habits in Marungu of the closely allied C. fasciatus,
Desm., have been recorded by Dr. Noack’, from the note-books left by Dr. Bohm.
Of the species labelled as occurring in Monbuttu, this is absolutely the only one of a distinctly Abyssinian character. It is, however, a
* In connection with this species, I may take the opportunity of correcting an unfortunate misprint in my paper on the African Mungooses (P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 87), where, in the synopsis of species (lines 22 and 24), the lengths of the fourth premolar in C. zebra and C. fasciatus have been transposed, as an examination of the detailed descriptions would show. It is C. fasciatus that has its premolar “more than 8 millim.” and C. zebra “less than 7 millim.”
2 Tic. p. 253.
1888. ] EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 7
most strongly marked example, the present being by far the most distant point from Abyssinia from which it has been recorded.
Bearing in mind the semi-domesticated state of many of the Mungooses, and the otherwise strictly West-African character of the Monbuttu fauna, one is almost tempted to believe that this species has been artificially transported across the watershed from the Lado district, where Dr. Emin has himself previously obtained it.
9. CrossaRcHuUS oBscuRUs, F. Cuv. ? a. 2 imm.
“« Lives in pairs; very harmful to poultry.”—E.
An extraordinary short-haired specimen, of the determination of which I am somewhat doubtful. It is wholly without the long fur on the body, none of the hairs exceeding about 14 or 15 millim. in length, and the general tone of colour is a peculiar whitish grey, exactly similar to that of the underfur of C. obscurus. It appears to me probable that it has been clipped of the longer hairs by the natives, perhaps for purposes of deception, as the majority of the hairs do not taper naturally to a point, but end quite abruptly. Its skull is quite similar to that of C. obscurus.
10. Lycaon pictus, Temm.
a. Skin and skull, young.
This specimen, unfortunately without a label, is probably part of the Wadelai collection, as the species is known from Abyssinia and South Africa, but not from Western Africa. The sizes of the milk- premolars in this specimen are as follows:—m.pm.*, length 6°5 millim. ; m.pm.°, length 11:4; m.pm.*, length 8°5, breadth 9:5; m. pm, leagth 671; m. pm, 84; m. pm.*, 13°3.
11. Icrrponyx zortuua, L. a. &. Redjaf, near Lado, 1/84.
12. CrocipuRA DoRIANA, Dobs. a-c. Wadelai, 10/85 and 4/86. I am indebted to Dr. Dobson for the determination of this Shrew. The type came from Shoa, and the species is therefore, so far as is yet known, distinctly Abyssinian.
13. EpomorHorvus (Hyrsignatuus) Monsrrosus, Allen. a-b. 3 & Q. Tingasi, 29/10/83.
“ride fusca. ‘Balupa’ of natives. Lives upon fruit, and is itself eaten by the natives. Found in flocks of from 50 to 60.”—E. Herr Bohndorff also obtained this species in Niam-niam-land.
Previously only known from West Africa.
14. EPoMOPHORUS FRANQUETI, Tomes. a. Tingasi, 5/82. This is another wholly West-African species.
8 MR. 0. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM [Jan. 17,
15. MeGaprerMA FrRons, Geoffr. a. Q. Wadelai, 26/6/86.
16. ANOMALURUS PUSILLUS, Sp. n.’ (Plate I.) a. 2. Bellima, 21/6/83. Type. b. 3S. Tingasi, 5/82.
Size very much smaller than in any of the other species. General colour above uniform dark grizzled grey, the hairs throughout dark slaty grey for the greater part of their length, this colour gradually darkening to black just below a terminal band of pale grey or oliva- ceous. Head and limbs like back ; sides of parachutes rather darker. Underside pale yellowish white, without a tinge of rufous, the hairs on the belly pale slate basally, and dull yellowish white terminally ; outer margins of parachute below covered with coarse dark brown hairs. Tail uniform pale brown, cylindrical, rather bushy, the hairs at its end attaining a length of nearly two inches; scales about 15 in number.
Skull, as compared to that of 4. deecrofti, distinguished by its very much smaller size, short muzzle, proportionately longer pala- tine foramina, longer orbital and shorter temporal fossz, and larger rounder bull.
Teeth as usual. Incisors orange above, pale yellow below. Molars readily distinguished by their small size.
Dimensions of a female in skin :—Head and body (to anus) (¢.) 280 millim. ; (to back of interfemoral membrane), 300 ; tail 134; hind foot (without claws) 40°; ear (dried and shrunk) (c.) 20.
Skull—basal length 41 millim. ; greatest breadth 29 ; interorbital breadth 12°3; height of infraorbital foramen 52; palate, length 21:7; diastema 10°1; length of palatal foramen 5:0; length of upper molar series 9°4.
This interesting little animal is most nearly allied to the West- African A. beecrofti, Fraser, but differs from that species in its duller and less yellow upperside, in the entire absence of rufous on its neck and belly *, and, as from all the other described species, in its diminutive size.
17. Sciurus STANGERI, Waterh. a. Tingasi, 2/9/83. “Common in Monbuttu, where it is called ‘ Mbonga.’”—E.
18. SctuRUS RUFOBRACHIATUS, Waterh. a. 3. Bellima, 13/7/83.
b. 3S. Bongereh, 21/7/83.
e, d. Tingasi, 5/82 and 7/83. ‘“‘Tride fusca. ‘ Bonga.’ ”?—E.
1 Preliminary diagnosis published, Ann. Mag. N. H. [5] xx. p. 440, Dec. 1, 1887.
2 In specimen 4, an adult male, rather smaller than a.
3 Young specimens of A. beecrofti are also without the bright rufous on the belly characteristic of the species, but the size of their feet and teeth would always distinguish such specimens from A. pusillus.
1888. ] EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 9
These specimens vary very considerably in the colour of the belly-hairs, which in some of them, notably in a, are pure white, while in others they are of the usual dull grey and white found in Western Coast specimens.
19. Scrurus aNNuLATUS, Desm. a. Q. Lado, 16/2/84. b. g. Tobbo, 18/5/83. ce. Q. Tobbo, 18/5/83.
20. Scrurus pryrruoprvs, F. Cuv.
a. 3d. Tingasi, 16/9/83.
b. 9. Tingasi, 10/10/83.
“‘Tride fusca. ‘ Kejo.’’—E.
Specimen a has the hairs of the belly, usually pure white, richly washed with red.
S. stangeri, S. rufobrachiatus, and the present species are all strictly West-African forms, this being by far their most easterly recorded locality.
2). Scturus BorHMI, Reichen.
a, b. 3 & Q. Tangasi, 7 and 9/83. c,d. 6 & Q. Stat. Gadda, 2 and 3/84. e. o. Nendja (Monbuttu), 9/7/83.
J 3
««* Nangeri.. Common from 4° N. lat. southwards. As yet only taken to the west of the Bahr el Djebel.”’—E.
These beautiful little Squirrels quite agree with the description given by Dr. Reichenow (Zool. Auzeiger, 1886, p. 315) of some specimens obtained by Dr. R. Bohm in the Marungu country, at the south-west corner of Lake Tanganyika. Whether the species is really distinct from S. congicus, Kuhl, is a question which will have to be decided later, when further specimens are available from other localities. It appears to me to be by no means improbable that not only will §. boehmi be found to grade into S. congicus, but that the latter also will equally pass into S. poensis, Smith, of which I have seen specimens with just a faint indication of a whitish back-stripe. This stripe then becomes bright and prominent in S. congicus, with a darker band below and external to it; while further, in S. boehmi this latter dark band is quite black, and is supplemented internally by a second even more prominent black stripe. ‘These gradations from the normally wholly unstriped S. poensis to the brilliantly banded S. Zoehmi show how little these dorsal bands ean be trusted for the division of the Squirrels into groups, or even for the diseri- mination of the species. No appreciable seasonal change is visible between the different specimens of the series.
The Squirrel from “ Tamaja”’ referred to and figured by Leche * as S. lemniscatus, Le Conte, appears also to belong to this species, which, while having the same number of stripes as S. lemniscatus,
te Ee Grp dUaap leat
10 MR. 0. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM [Jan. 17,
is apparently, as already remarked, more nearly allied to S. congicus. Prof. Leche’s six specimens are stated to be all immature, a state- ment that perhaps only rests on their inferior size as compared with SS. lemniscatus, S. boehmi being decidedly smaller than that species. Indeed the beautiful figure given by Prof. Leche represents, when increased to scale, an animal quite as large as the largest of our specimens of S. boehmi, all of which are undoubtedly fully adult. Notes on the habits of this species have been made both by Dr. Bohm (Noack, ¢. c. p. 251) and Dr. Emin himself (Leche, JZ. ¢.).
22. XeRvS ERYTHROPUS, Geoffr. a. 3. Tingasi, 16/10/83. 6. 3. Stat. Gadda, 4/2/81. c. Skeleton. Stat. Gadda. d. Skull. Foda, Lake Albert Nyanza, 12/85. “Tride fusca. Monbuttu name ‘Koro.’ Common everywhere.”— E. No difference that could be ascribed to season is observable between a and 4, collected respectively in October and February.
23. GERBILLUS, sp. (allied to G'. leucogaster, Peters). a. 9. Tingasi, 31/8/83. b. 2. Stat. Gadda, 24/1/84.
‘*Monbuttu names ‘ Kota’ and ‘ Sinsi.’ ”’—E.
24. GERBILLUS, sp. a,b, Wadelai. 5/86.
In the state of confusion in which the species of Gerbilles are at present it is impossible to determine these specimens with certainty, but they are nevertheless of the utmost value as supplying material for a future revision of the group.
25. CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS, Waterh.
a,b. 5 & &. Bellima, Monbuttu, 16/7/83.
ce, d. Tingasi, 8/83.
e. Skeleton 9. Tingasi, 7/9/83.
f-i. 3 & Q. Stat. Gadda, 2/84.
j. Skeleton ¢. Stat. Gadda, 14/3/84.
k. Skull, ¢. Kubbi, Monbuttu, 7/83.
l. Skull, 9. Foda, Lake Albert Nyanza, 12/85.
‘* Tride fusca. Native name ‘ Assumba.’ ’—E.
Specimens a and 6, from Bellima, differ from the rest by their greyer colour, grey instead of pure white bellies, and the less sleek character of their fur, differences which, as shown by the fine series obtained, are neither seasonal nor sexual. Their skulls, however, do not present any valid specific distinction, and it is probable that we have here one of the definite but non-specific variations often known to be due to some difference in the nature of the locality—as, for example, a difference either in altitude, presence or absence of forest, or amount of rainfall.
1888. ] EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 11
26. Matacomys tonerres, M.-Edw.
a-d. 6 &3 @. Tingasi, 7 and 9/83. (a) “ride fusca. ‘Nesanda.’ In and by water.” (6) “In the forest.”—E.
This most interesting form was only previously known from a single specimen from the Gaboon in the collection of the Paris Museum, the skull of which has unfortunately been destroyed. An examination of the skulls sent by Dr. Emin shows that M/alacomys has perfectly smooth incisors, and the molars of a typical Mus, and is therefore only distinguished by its very different external pro- portions. Asa species M. longipes is characterized by its rounded supraorbital edges, elongated muzzle, small teeth, and short palatine foramina, the latter and the teeth being each only 6 millim. in length, as compared to a basal length of 35:5, and a palate length of 22 millim.
27. Mus (Isomys) BARBARUS, L.
a. &. Stat. Gadda, 10/1/84. b-g. Tingasi, 7 to 9/83. h. 3. Wadelai, 24/7/85.
“Tride fusca. Native name ‘Nadje’ or ‘Nage Nadje.” Found along the edges of the forest.”—E.
No remark to this very common and widely spread species would be needed were it not that the three authors whose papers have been above referred to have all expressed different views as to its nomenclature, and it is therefore advisable for me to explain my reasons for the name I myself use. Thus Dr. Pagenstecher, although only having two of the ordinary specimens for comparison, calls the Masai form ‘‘ Mus (Lemniscomys) barbarus, var. massaicus 1 a form, however, that I do not think distinct enough to merit a varietal name, especially as the Emin series contains individuals precisely agreeing both with ordinary West-African specimens and with those described by Dr. Pagenstecher.
Dr. Leche? puts all under “ Mus barbarus” and expresses his opinion that the variety known as “ pulchellus,” Gray, is not really distinct—a view with which I most fully agree, although I prefer to recognize the subgenus “‘ Isomys,” with which at the same time I think ‘“ Lemniscomys” should be amalgamated, the two grading quite insensibly into each other.
Finally Dr. Noack? uses Dr. Gray’s obsolete name of ‘‘ Golunda pulchella” for the species, being apparently unaware either of its position in the subgenus Isomys, or of the fact that the generic name Golunda belongs properly to a very different animal, for which in its turn ‘ he uses Peters’s name of Pelomys, although the latter’s identity with Golunda was shown by Mr. Blanford as long ago as 1876°.
1 T.c. p. 45. 4 Tc. p. 235. AEE Gy jos Maks) 5 J. A.S. B. xlv. part ii. p. 165. 8 T. c. p. 239.
12 MR. O. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM [Jan. 17,
28. Mus (Isomys) asyssrnicus, Riipp.
a. Q juv. Lado, 16/2/84. “ House-mouse ; very common.’’—E.
29. Mus cuerinzil, Peters. Dasymys gueinzii, Peters, MB. Ak. Berl. 1875, p. 12, pls. i. & ii. a,b. 3 & Q. Stat. Gadda, 1/84.
** Monbuttu name ‘ Suhr.’ ”—E.
These two specimens agree in all essential characters with Dr. Peters’s description, the type of which I have examined in Berlin. His specimen came from the interior of Natal, and this occurrence of the species in Monbuttu is therefore a most remark- able and interesting fact, quite unparallelled by any of the other small mammals of the Emin collection.
With regard to the genus ‘‘ Dasymys”’ formed by Dr. Peters for this animal, and its alleged relationship to Otomys, I can only say that I am quite unable to see any reason why the species should not be included in the genus Mus, an opinion I first came to in Berlin when examining the type, and since confirmed by a direct comparison of Dr. Emin’s specimens with O¢omys and with many other species of the genus Mus.
30. Mus katseri, Noack.
a-c. 2. Stat. Gadda, 1/84. d. Skeleton. Stat. Gadda. * Bomu” or “ Sinsi.”’—E. These specimens agree very fairly well with Dr. Noack’s descrip- tion of a new species obtained by Dr. Bohm in Marungu.
31. Mus rurinus, Temm.
a,b. 2 & yg. Stat. Gadda, 1/84.
I am not very certain about the determination of these specimens, as Temminck’s description is exceedingly vague, and the skull of the type is, unfortunately, in so dilapidated a condition that, as Dr. Jentink has been kind enough to inform me, no exact measure- ments can be taken upon it for comparison with those of Emin Pasha’s specimen.
32. Mus unrivittatus, Peters. a. 3. Tingasi, 24/7/83. 6. 3. Tingasi, 9/10/83. ce. dg. Stat. Gadda, 23/1/84.
“Tride fusca. Monbuttu name ‘Tibo. Lives in and by water, and swims with facility.”—E.
This rare species has been previously only recorded from West Africa, the specimens that I have seen being from Dongila (Buchholz, Mus. Berl.), Gaboon (Aubry Le Conte, Mus. Paris and Brit.), and Cameroons (Johnston, Mus. Brit.). Dr. Emin’s examples are more
1888. } EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 13
deeply rufous on their flanks and rumps,jand have less strongly marked, in fact almost indistinguishable, dorsal stripes, but are obviously not specifically separable.
33. Mus, sp." a-e. 5 specimens. Tingasi.
Sf, 9. Stat. Gadda. h. Wadelai. “ Monbuttu name ‘ Babili.’ ’—E.
These specimens all belong to a group of Rats varying considerably in size, length of fur, and size of ears, but all agreeing in their general proportions, and in the possession of a very large number of mammez placed in a continuous series down the sides of the abdomen, and varying in actual number from 16 to 24. To this group, whether containing several valid species or, as I am inclined to suspect, only a single variable and widely spread one, the following appear to belong :—Mus coucha, Sm., M. silaceus, Wagn., M. micro- don, Peters, M. macroéepis, Sund., and probably several of the other earlier described species. In the existing state of confusion in regard to these species, I prefer to leave the present series of specimens without a definite name.
34. Mus (LeceapA) MINUTOIDES, Sm.
a—-e. 5 specimens. Wadelai.
f. Tingasi.
“ Found in pairs in the gardens and plantations.” EK.
I have seen specimens referable to this species from almost every part of the Ethiopian region, and among others the types of Mus musculoides, Temm., and M. minimus, Peters, both of which names must therefore give way to that of Smith. Specimen f, from Tingasi, is considerably larger than usual, but is not apparently specifically separable from the rest.
35. LorpHuROMYS SIKAPUSI, Temm.
a. 3. Stat. Gadda, 25/1/84. 6. Skeleton.
This rare species is a purely West-African one, but the genus is
1 T take this opportunity of clearing up the history of another species of Mus, which will, no doubt, be found to occur in Monbuttu, as Herr Bohndorff obtained it at N’doruma, in the Niam-niam country, namely Mus alleni, Waterh. (P. Z. 8. 1837, p.'77), of which the type is a very young individual with its teeth still uncut. This type is, however, unquestionably specifically identical with the Niam-niam specimen, as also with two in spirit from Old Calabar (Dr. J. A. Smith), and one skin from Angola (Mr. Monteiro), in the Natural History Museum. ‘There are also inthe Berlin Museum several specimens of it obtained on the Gold Coast by Drs. Buchholz and Reichenow, and the characters of these specimens, and therefore of the adult MM. adleni, have been pointed out by Dr. Peters (MB. Ak. Berl. 1876, p. 479) under the erroneous name of M. ery- throleucus, Temm.
14 MR. O. THOMAS ON MAMMALS FROM (Jan. 17,
represented in Abyssinia by a second species described in the accom- panying footnote’. Dr. Emin’s specimen agrees in every respect with typical West-African individuals, and shows no approach to the new Eastern form.
36. GEORYCHUS OCHRACEO-CINEREUS, Heugl.
a, 6. 3. Bellima, Monbuttu, 14/7/83.
The type specimen of this rare species was obtained by its describer in Bongo, only a few degrees north of the present locality, and is now in the Stuttgart Museum, where, by the kindness of Dr. Krauss, I have had an opportunity of examining it. In the collection worked out by Dr. Leche there were also several Georychi, divided by him into two species—a larger darker-coloured one, determined as G. damarensis, Og., and a smaller sandy one, considered to be G. ochraceo-cinereus. The first of these was so named on my authority, Dr. Leche having sent me one of the specimens to compare with Ogilby’s type. At that time, however, not having at all inves- tigated the subject, I did not know that there were two species found in this Central district, and assumed that the specimen sent was G. damarensis, to which I still think it is exceedingly closely allied. Now, however, Dr. Leche’s descriptions and excellent figures show the distinction of the two forms, of which the names given by him must certainly be reversed, G. ochraceo-cinereus being the larger, and G. damarensis the smaller form, as I have been able clearly to make out by measurements taken on the two typical skulls as compared with those given by Dr. Leche. I can therefore only express my sincere regret to Dr. Leche at having led him wrong, and must plead the close relationship of the two forms as my
1 LorHUROMYS FLAVO-PUNCTATUS, Sp. D.
Size and proportions as in L. sikapusi, but differing markedly from that species in the character and colour of its fur, which, instead of being long, sleek, unicolor, and all of one sort, is short, comparatively coarse, and finely freckled all over with orange or yellow, and has a considerable number of longer hairs intermingled with it. The individual hairs are brown for the greater part of their length, broadly tipped with orange or yellow, the former colour along the top of the head and back, the latter on the flanks. Belly dull yellowish white, not sharply defined. Hairs round the front of the base of ear prominently tipped with bright orange, those behind it pale yellow. Feet irregularly patched with white and dark chocolate-brown. Tail closely covered with short crisp hairs, brown above, white beneath.
Skull much as in ZL. sikapusi, but the zygomata more widely expanded anteriorly, and the interorbital region narrower and flatter above. The inter- parietal also is shorter antero-posteriorly, and the nasals are narrower and more pointed behind.
Dimensions of the type, an adult specimen in skin :—Head and body 129 millim. ; tail 51; hind foot 21; ear 10.
Skull—basal length 26 millim.; greatest breadth 16; nasals, length 12°6, greatest breadth 3; interorbital, breadth 5°6 ; interparietal, length 3, breadth 9-8; palatal foramen 6°6 ; length of molar series 5.
Hab. Shoa (Capt. W. C. Harris).
Two specimens of this species were received from the East-India Company’s Museum in 1860, and were uo doubt collected by Capt. Harris during his mission to Shoa in 1843.
1888. ] EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 15
excuse. The present specimens agree in every respect with Dr. Leche’s figure and description of “G. damarensis,” and also, except in being a little darker coloured, with the type of G. ochraceo- cinereus.
37. ATHERURA AFRICANA, Gray.
a-d. 2 3, 2 and young. Monbuttu.
“Very common. Monbuttu name ‘ Kolia.’ Is eaten by the natives.” —K.
The peculiar fimbriation of the lower sides of the spines in this species, previously noticed by Waterhouse’, is unusually well-marked in these specimens, the spines being as it were finely feathered on their edges and inferior’ surfaces*. This animal is one of the most distinctly West-African forms in the whole collection, the genus Atherura being, so far as Africa is concerned, entirely confined to that district, and only reappearing again in the Malay part of the Oriental Region.
38. DENDROHYRAX EMINI, sp. u.* (Plate II.) a. Yg. sk. Tingasi, 6/7/83. Type.
“« Tride fusca.”-—E.
Fur long, extraordinarily soft and fluffy. General colour pale yellowish white, wholly different from that of any other species of the group, and indeed scarcely to be matched as a general body colour in any other mammal; its tint all over the body something like that of the centre of the belly of D. arboreus. Hairs of upper side dull brown for three fourths of their length, their tips pale yellow, whiter on the head, deeper yellow on the rump. Hairs of underside and limbs similar, but the brown gradually decreasing in extent downwards, those of the chin, chest, and belly wholly pale . yellow ; cheeks, a ring round each eye, hands and feet, and hairs on ears white ; hairs of the dorsal spot also white.
This most remarkable species is unfortunately only represented by a single young individual, in which the milk-dentition is still in position. ‘The only adult dimension that I am able to give is, there- fore, that of the first true molar (7°2 millim. long externally, and 5°6 broad anteriorly above, and 6°6 long below); but comparing the specimen with equally young individuals of D. arboreus, it is evident that its size when adult would be just about the same as in that species. Its actual dimensions are:—Head and body 295 millim.; hind foot 48; ear (above crown) 13. Skull—basal length 55; interparietal length 11, breadth 16-2; diastema between in- cisors 4°7, behind incisors 5°3; lengths of upper milk- premolars : m.pm.” 5, m.pm.* 6-2, m.pmi.* 7.
1 N. H. Mamm. ii. p. 477, 1848.
2 I. e. posterior, when they are set vertically in the skin.
$ Prof. Stewart has been kind enough to examine the fringes on these spines microscopically for me, and he tells me that “they are only extensions of the cuticular layer of the spines. On the under surface of the spines they are thin and scale-like, becoming simple and hair-like at the margins.”
4 Preliminary diagnosis given, Ann. Mag, N. H. [5] xx. p. 440, Dec. 1, 1887.
16 ON MAMMALS FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. [Jan. 17,
The peculiar pale colour of this Coney is evidently neither due to its youth, for young specimens of the other species are, if any- thing, darker and not lighter than the adults, nor to albinism, as is shown by the brown bases to the hairs; and I am therefore com- pelled to look upon it as representing a new species, distinguished from all other members of the group by the colour and fluffiness of its fur.
I have very great pleasure in connecting with this interesting animal the name of its discoverer, to whom science is indebted for so large a contribution to our knowledge of the fauna of Central Africa.
39. Manis TRicuspPis, Raf.
a. Kudurma, Makraka, 1/84. 6. Kabajendi, Makraka, 8/84. ce. Monbuttu, 5/84. ‘© Monbuttu, ‘ Nakito.? Sandeh, ‘Kiro.’ ’’—E. These specimens all agree in having 21 longitudinal series of body- scales. Specimen c, the only one with a perfect tail, has 37 mar- ginal, 33 central single, and 6 pairs of terminal caudal scales.
In considering the geographical relations shown by the present collection, it will be advisable at first only to take into consideration the species obtained in Monbuttu. These (excluding two unnamed)
are the following :— 1. Anthropopithecus troglodytes. x 15. Xerus erythropus. t 2. Galago.demidoffi. * 16. Cricetomys gambianus. t 3. Felis servalina. * | 17. Malacomys longipes. * 4. ,, caligata. iF 18. Mus (Isomys) barbarus. a 5. Poiana richardsoni. x | 19. ,, gueinzii. N 6. Crossarchus zebra. A | 20. ,, kaiseri. t ae = obscurus. * 21. ,, rufinus. * 8. Epomophorus monstrosus. * 22. ,, univittatus. * 9. ¢ franqueti. x | 23. ,, (Leggada) minutoides. Tt 10. Anomalurus pusillus. t 24, Lophuromys sikapusi. * 11. Sciurus stangeri. x | 25. Georychus ochraceo-cinereus. 12. » rufobrachiatus. * 26. Atherura africana. * 13. »» pyrrhopus. * 27. Dendrohyrax emini. t 14. » boehmi. i 28. Manis tricuspis. ¥
Of these 28 species, no less than 16 (marked with a *) are wholly West-African, 14 of them having never been hitherto recorded out of the West-African region at all, and therefore Dr. Emin has extended the known ranges of every one of these 14 by something like a thousand or twelve hundred miles. Of the others, 5 (marked with a t), although found in other regions, also occur in West Africa ; 5 (f) are either peculiar or only otherwise known from neighbouring Central-African localities ; one only is Abyssinian (A) ; and one is as yet elsewhere only known from Natal (N).
The collection as a whole is therefore distinctly West-African in character, and preseuts no appreciable intermixture of other forms.
J.G.Keulemans del, et lith
Mintern Bros. imp.
1888. | ON BIRDS FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 17
It thus gives final and conclusive evidence that the western forest- fauna extends right across the centre of Africa in this direction at least as far as 28° east longitude, and slightly further to the north, judging by the few specimens from Makraka, as far as 30° EK. This is, in fact, quite to the extreme limit of the Congo basin, the watershed apparently here abruptly dividing the two faunas, the few Wadelai and Lado specimens showing no trace whatever of any West- African affinity.
The abruptness with which the change of fauna occurs on the watershed is, considering the insignificant nature of the physical barriers, very remarkable, and almost unequalled in the distribution of the mammals of any part of the world. The reason of the change is, however, clear enough, being not the occurrence of such barriers to migration as mountains or rivers, but the abrupt ending of the great West-African forest, which, as we know from the travels of Schweinfurth and others, extends quite into this region, but abruptly ceases before the slopes of the Upper Nile basin are reached.
Finally, I may express the hope that this valuable and interesting collection may be succeeded by others from the same quarter, and that I, or some more competent person, may have the opportunity of drawing up a mammal-fauna of the Wadelai district itself, and of further adding to our knowledge of the mammals inhabiting the rich region tapped by Emin Pasha, whenever he crosses to the west of the Congo-Nile watershed.
2. On a Collection of Birds made by Emin Pasha in Equa- torial Africa. By Captain G. E. Suetiey, F.Z.S.
[Received January 13, 1888.]
(Plate IIT.)
It is several months since letters were received from Emin Pasha announcing the despatch of some cases of natural-history specimens from Wadelai, and their receipt has been a source of the greatest satisfaction to the authorities of the British Museum, knowing the troubles which have been going on in Uganda, by which route the collections were to be despatched to Zanzibar. No slight appre- hensions were entertained as to their detention in that country, and it seemed almost hopeless to expect their safe arrival on the coast. That they did so arrive is doubtless due to the exertions of the Rev. Mr. Mackay, and he will surely receive the thanks of every naturalist for the care with which he has managed to send the collection home.
The birds now sent by Emin Pasha evidently belong to two cate- gories. Many of them have been collected about the stations of Lado and Wadelai, and most of these species have been described by Dr. Hartlaub in one of the papers mentioned below. At the same
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1888, No, II. 2
18 CaPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS { Jan. 17,
time there are many examples of species obtained on the Pasha’s last expedition to the shores of the Albert Nyanza and the Monbuttu country, and these are most interesting. We have no map to show the last researches of Emin Pasha in this district, and therefore some little time may elapse before all the places mentioned in this paper are identified; but the peculiar nature of the avifauna is manifest. The collection is of the same character as that of Mr. Bohndorff’s from the Niam-niam country, and, as pointed out by Mr. Bowdler Sharpe, is West African.
On the western watershed of the lake-system of Equatorial Africa the Abyssinian fauna disappears and is replaced by the purely tropical features of the West-African river-system: thus we find in Emin Pasha’s collection examples of such genera as Indicator, Pyrenestes, and Spermospiza, purely West-African in character. To point out the limits of these two diverse zoo-geographical areas will be the work of an observer on the spot, and it is to be hoped that Emin Pasha may be gifted with health for many years to come to finish the work he has so well begun.
This is the first consignment which the British Museum has received from tbe Lado district, and it adds a large number of species to the collection, besides the types of the four following new species :—Indicator emini, Spermospiza ruficapilla, Ploceus casta- nops, and Glareola emini. ‘The further researches of the traveller in the region of the Albert Nyanza will be awaited with eagerness.
In my present notes on this collection I have referred to the fol- lowing papers, which deal with the former collections of Emin Pasha :—
1. “Beitrag zur Ornithologie der dstlich-aquatorialen Gebiete Afrika’s. Von Dr. G. Hartlaub, nach Sendlungen und Noten von Dr. Emin Bey in Lado.’ Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. pp- 83, 128, pl. 5.
2. ‘Ueber eine Sendung von Vogeln aus Central-Afrika. Von August von Pelzeln.”” Verhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxi. pp- 141-156.
3. In the same volume pp. 605-618, is another article by Herr ° von Pelzeln entitled “ Ueber Dr. Emin Bey’s zweite Sendung von Vogeln aus Central- Afrika.”
4. In the next volume, pp. 499-512, is another article on Emin Pasha’s birds :—‘‘ Ueber Dr. Emin Bey’s dritte Sendung von Vogeln aus Central-Afrika.”’
5. Dr. Hartlaub, in his ‘‘ Zweiter Beitrag zur Ornithologie der éstlich-tiquatorialen Gebiete Afrika’s,’ Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vill. 1882, pp. 184, 232, gives an enlarged map of Lado and the country for about 100 miles to the south-east. This paper includes a list of 276 species as having up to this time been procured by Emin Pasha, also many of the collector's ori- ginal notes, amongst which are the latitudes and longitudes of some 17 of the little-known localities mentioned. I much regret that I have not been able to continue this useful portion
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 19
of the work ; but I trust we may not have long to wait before an accurate map of the little-known district may be published under the auspices of Emin Pasha, who we all hope will soon return safely to Europe after the arduous and important duties he has so ably performed during many years in the Upper White Nile district.
In my present list I have followed, as closely as I considered ad- visable, the order of the species adopted by Dr. Hartlaub, and have given references, not only to all the above-mentioned papers, but also to Mr. R. B. Sharpe’s ‘‘ Notes on a Collection of Birds made by Herr F. Bohndorff in the Bahr el Gazel Province and the Nyam-nyam Country in Equatorial Africa,” published in the Linnean Society’s Journal (Zool.), xvii. 1884, pp. 419-441. I have also thought it advisable to give what I have considered to be the most important references for the identification of each species.
I should like, in conclusion, to state that this collection has been entirely worked out in the Bird-room of the Natural History Museum, where I have found every convenience for regular study, with the finest collection in the world before me, which, owing to Mr. Bowdler Sharpe’s untiring energy, is now as accessible for work as any small private collection, with this further advantage, that very few species are wanting, and generally a good series of specimens is available. I trust that these remarks may not lead to an overwhelming influx of ornithological students to the bird-room, for Mr. Sharpe’s sake ; but even then I believe that his courtesy would be equal to the task, as I presume that there is nothing which would please him more than to find the British Museum the centre of all ornithological study, as it ought to have been years ago, and as it most certainly was not in former days.
Emin Pasha’s consignment consists of two very distinct collections : one from what I shall call the Wadelai district, including Lado, Redjaf, Kiri, Tobbo, Wadelai, and Kiberi, comprised within the limits of 2° and 5° N. lat., and 31° and 33° E. long; the other is from the Tingasi district, including Bellima, Tomaja, and Tingasi, extending westward of 31°, and comprising portion of the Monbuttu country.
Comparing these two collections we find :—
Wadelai collection :—114 species, 10 local, 1 W.-African, 27 N.E.- African, 6 E.-African.
Tingasi collection :—43 species, 3 local, 27 W.-African, none N.E.- African, none E.-African.
From the above it is evident that the Wadelai district belongs to the great N.E.-African or Abyssinian Region, and the Tingasi dis- trict to the W.-African Region ; and on regarding the close proxi- mity of these districts, the fact of the fauna of a continent following its great watersheds and forests is strikingly exhibited, and the pre- sence of an almost impassable barrier is suggested. Thus physical geography and ornithology lend each other a friendly hand in the elucidation of scientific problems.
Q*
2() CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. i7,
I. PASSERES. 1. Synvra noRTENSIs, Bechst. Sylvia hortensis, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 10; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 95.
No. 23. g. Tingasi, Sept. 20, 1883. No. 194. g. Kibero, Oct. 8, 1886.
2. PHyLiLoscorus TROcHILUs (Linn.).
Phylloscopus trochilus, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 56. Phyllopneuste trochilus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vit. 1881, p. 94, 1882, p. 193.
3. Lado, Oct. 19, 1885. No. 128. Wadelai, Sept. 14, 1885. No. 173. g¢. Wadelai, Oct. 18, 1885.
3. Hypouats PALLIDA (Hempr. & Ehr.).
Aypolais pallida, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 82; Hartt. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 193; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 502.
No. 238. ¢. Lado, March 3, 1884.
No. 915. g. Gondokoro, Nov. 16, 1883.
No. 13. ¢. Wa ielai, Jan. 15, 1886.
No. 54. 2. Wadelai, Feb. 2, 1886.
The dates of capture seem to show that this species winters in Equatorial Africa.
4. ACROCEPHALUS PHRAGMITIS (Bechst.).
Acrocephalus phragmitis, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 91. No. 176. go. Wadelai, Oct. 29, 1885.
5. RuriciLLa PHa@NiIcURUSs (Linn.).
Ruticilla phenicurus, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 336 ; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 319.
No. 949. g. Redjaf, Dec. 1, 1883. 2. Foda, Oct. 21, 1885. 6. PRATINCOLA RUBETRA (Linn.).
Pratincola rubetra, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 179; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 89.
No. 177. g. Redjaf, Feb. 2, 1884. 7. Brapyornis PALLIDA (v. Miill.).
Bradyornis pallida, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 310; Hart], Abbandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 191.
No. 329. 9. Nov. 20, 1882.
8. PENTHOLAA CLERICALIS, Hartl. Pentholea clericalis, Wartl. J. f. O. 1882, p- 321; id. Abhandl.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 21
nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 321; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 18; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. i. 1886, p. 317, pl. 13. figs. 75,89.
Nos. 557, 569. ¢. Kuterma, May 1885.
No. 530. 9. Tobbo, May 21, 1883.
A perfectly distinct species, of which Emin Pasha sends three fine adult specimens.
9. CossyPHA HEUGLINI, Hartl. _ Bessornis intermedius, Cab. in V. d. Decken’s Reis. ill. p. 32 pl. 12 ay ee
Cossypha heuglini, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vi. 1882, p- 187; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 41.
No. 211. 2. Kibiro, Oct. 11, 1886.
10. CossyeHA VERTICALIS, Hartl.
Cossypha verticalis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 45 ; Hartl, Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 313.
No. 822. g. Tamaja, Aug. 17, 1883.
This is probably the most eastern locality known for this West- African species.
11. ErRyTHROPYGIA RUFICAUDA, Sharpe.
Erythropygia ruficauda, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 78 ; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. 11. 1886, p. 316.
Nos. 182, 188, 206. ¢. Kibero, Oct. 1886.
12. Eminta LEPipA, Hartl.
Eminia lepida, Hartl. P. Z.S. 1880, p. 625, pl. 60. fig. 1; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 91; id. Zool. Jabrb. ii. 186, p. 334.
Apalis lepida, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vil. p. 140.
No. 95. ¢. Wadelai, Aug. 17, 1885.
No. 190. Q. Kibero, Oct. 8, 1886.
The sexes are similar in plumage. P g
13. DrymocicHua IncANA, Hartl.
Drymocichla incana, Hart]. P. Z.S. 1880, p. 626, pl. 69. fig. 2 ; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 91; Sharpe, Cat. B. Bnt. Mus. vil. p. 149.
Nos. 88, 89. 6 2. Wadelai, Aug. 15, 1885.
No. 171. 9. Wadelai, Oct. 18, 1885.
The sexes are similar in plumage. Neither this species nor the last have been recorded from north of Wadelai.
14. PHYLLOLAIS PULCHELLA (Riipp.).
Phyllolais pulchella, Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 90; viii. 1882, p. 190; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 501; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 149.
No. 481. ¢. Lado, Nov. 20, 1884.
22 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
15. SytvrELLA MicrouRA (Riipp.).
Oligocercus rufescens, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 92.
Oligura microura, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 144; xxxii. 1882, p. 502.
Sylviella microura, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 154.
No. 938. ¢. Gondokoro, Nov. 15, 1883.
16. EREMoMELA ELEGANS (Heugl.).
Tricholuis elegans, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. pp. 144, 609; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 190.
Eremomela elegans, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 163.
No. 338. ¢. Lado, April 23, 1884.
Nos. 345, 356. g. Redjaf, May 1884.
No. 975. g$. Redjaf, Dec. 17, 1885.
a, d. Wadelai, July 7, 1885.
17. CAMAROPTERA BREVICAUDATA (Riipp.).
Camaroptera brevicaudata, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 90; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 144; xxxii. 1882, p. 502; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 168.
No. 409. g. Lado, Aug. 30, 1884.
18. Printa MysTAceA, Riipp.
Cisticola tenella, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 89; vill. 1882, p. 189.
Drymeca mystacea, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 501.
Prinia mystacea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vil. p. 19).
No. 338. Lado, March 28, 1883.
No. 405. Lado, Aug. 27, 1884.
No. 85. 2. Wadelai, Aug. 15, 1885.
No. 21. ¢. Tingasi, July 19, 1583.
19. BuRNFSIA LEUCOPOGON (Cab.).
Burnesia leucopogon, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 207.
Nos. 704, 797. 62. July 1883.
The sexes are similar in plumage. This species was formerly
only known from the Congo region in W. Africa, from which country there are two specimens in the British Museum.
20. ORTHOTOMUS ERYTHROPTERUS (Jard.).
Cisticola iodoptera, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 247.
Orthotomus erythropterus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 228. No. 16. g¢. Tingasi, July 17, 1883.
21. CisticoLa MENTALIS (Fras.).
Melocichla mentalis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 93; vill. 1882, p. 191.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 23
Cisticola mentalis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 241.
No. 152. 2. Risuo, Oct. 3, 1882.
This specimen agrees perfectly with others from the Gold Coast in the British Museum.
22. CISTICOLA CINERASCENS, Heugl.
Drymeca concolor, Heugl. Ibis, 1869, p. 97, pl. 2. fig. 1. Cisticola concolor, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 253.
Cisticola cinerascens, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 248. No. 25. g. Tingasi, July 19, 1883.
23. CrsTICOLA LATERALIs (Fraser).
Cisticola lateralis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 251.
No. 775. g. Abiambana, July 28, 1883.
This species appears hitherto to have been met with only on the west coast of Africa.
24. CisricoLa RuFA (Fraser).
Cisticola hypowantha, Hartl. P. Z.S. 1880, p. 624; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 89; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 332.
Cisticola rufa, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 252.
No. 186. g. Tobbo, May 19, 1883.
This specimen agrees perfectly with others in the British Museum from the Gold Coast.
25. CisTICOLA FERRUGINEA, Heugl.
Cisticola ferruginea, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 265; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 257.
No. 28. 2. Wadelai, July 28, 1885.
Nos. 121, 122,123. ¢ 2. Wadelai, Sept. 13, 1885.
No. 55. Q. Wadelai, Feb. 2, 1886.
The British Museum here receives for the first time a remarkably fine series of this striking little Grass-Warbler.
26. CisTICOLA MARGINALIs (Heugl.).
Cisticola marginalis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 89; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 258. Cisticola marginata, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 501.
No. 287. ¢. Lado, March 31, 1884.
27. C1sTICOLA CisTIcoLa (Temm.).
Cisticola cursitans, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 266. Cisticola cisticola, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 259. No. 113. ¢. Wadelai, June 17, 1886.
24 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
28. CisTIcoLa sTRANGII (Fraser).
Cisticola ladoensis, Hartl. op. cit. viii. 1882, p. 189.
Cisticola strangei et C. natalensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. pp. 276, 278.
Nos. 54, 101, 102. ¢ 2. Wadelai, Aug. 1885.
No. 148. ¢. Wadelai, Oct. 4, 1885.
Nos. 9, 19. Tingasi, July 1883.
I have a specimen in my own collection determined by Dr. Hartlaub as C. dadoensis ; it is in the plumage of Drymoica curvi- rostris, Sundey. For the determination of D. strangei, Fras., 1843, and D. natalensis, Smith, 1843, I would refer to the conclusions I drew (Ibis, 1875, pp. 380, 381), which I still believe to be correct. As the first names for this species were published in the same year, 1843, I select Fraser’s as being the most applicable.
29. CisTICOLA LuGuBRIS (Riipp.).
Cisticola nevia, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 189; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 333.
Cisticola lugubris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 280.
No. 97. g. Wadelai, Aug. 1885.
30. ARGYA RUBIGINOSA (Riipp.). Argya rubiginosa, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 93; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii. p. 391.
No. 494. g. Lado, Jan. 12, 1884. Iris pale yellow.
31. CRINIGER VERREAUXI, Sharpe. Criniger verreauai, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 73, pl. 4. No. 671. go. Bellima, June 22, 1883.
32. CHLOROCICHLA GRACILIROSTRIS (Strickl.). Chlorocichla gracilirostris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p- lid. No. 697. 2. Tingasi, July 1, 1883.
This species was formerly only known from the west coast of Africa.
33. PHyLLostropuus sHARPII, Shelley.
? Criniger strepitans, Reichen. Orn. Centralbl. 1879, p. 139 (Malindi).
Phyllostrephus sharpit, Shelley, Ibis, 1880, p. 334 (Dar-es- Salaam); Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 188.
Phyllostrophus strepitans, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 117.
Nos. 45, 59, 60,96. ¢ 2. Wadelai, Aug. 1885.
This is certainly my P. sharpii, which Dr. Hartlaub considers to be distinct from the P. strepitans (Reichen.), the type of which species neither myself nor Mr. Sharpe have seen.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA.
bo oO
34. ANDROPADUS VIRENS, Cass.
Andropadus virens, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi. p. 109; id. Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 424.
No. 18. ¢. Tingasi, July 16, 1883.
No. 50. g. Tingasi, Aug. 18, 1883.
This species was first discovered in north-east Equatorial Africa by Herr F. Bohndorff, who procured it at Sassa in the Nyam-nyam
country. 35. TELEPHONUS SENEGALUS (Linn.).
? Telephonus erythropterus, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 147 ; xxxil. 1882, p. 505.
Telephonus senegalus, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viil. p. 124. No. 360. 9. Kiri, May 1884.
36. 'TELEPHONUS MINUTUs, Hartl. Telephonus minutus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 94; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 128.
No. 30. 2. Wadelai, July 29, 1885. No. 17. Ad. Wadelai, March 1881.
37. Dryoscopus AFFINIS (Gray).
Dryoscopus affinis, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 141. No. 754. 3. Bellima, July 15, 1883.
38. LANIARIUS SULFUREIPECTUs (Less.).
Dryoscopus sulphureipectus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 464. Laniarius sulfureipectus, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 159. No. 27. go. Wadelai, Jan. 19, 1886.
39. LANIUS GUBERNATOR, Hartl.
Lanius gubernator, Hartl. J. f. O. 1882, p. 323, pl. 1. fig. 29; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 194.
No. 572. Qjuv. Kuterma, May 28, 1882. No. 110. Qad. Kuterma, Sept. 18, 1882. This is quite a distinct species.
40. Graucatus pectoratts, Jard. & Selby.
Graucalus pectoralis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 29; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 424.
Ad. Tobbo, May 15, 1883. This is the first time Enim Pasha has sent this bird to Europe,
although in Nyam-nyam, according to Mr. Bohndorff, it is a common species.
41. ALSEONAX ComiTaTA, Cass.
Alseonax comitata, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 130. No. 753. Bellima, July 15, 1883. The specimen agrees accurately with others from the Gold Coast
26 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
with which I have compared it. It was formerly only known from the west coast.
42. PaACHYPRORA SENEGALENSIS (Linn.).
Batis senegalensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 134.
Platystira senegalensis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 197; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1836, p. 336.
No. 349. gd. Kedjaf, May 10, 1884.
No. 598. ¢. Mundi, June 4, 1883.
43. ARTOMYIAS FULIGINOSUS, J. & E. Verr.
Artomyias fuliginosus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 144, fie, jl;
No. 760. gd. Ann Nambiri, July 21, 1883.
Formerly only known from the Gaboon and Congo districts on the west coast.
44, Puatystira cyanea (P. L. S. Mill.).
Platystira cyanea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 145.
Platystira senegalensis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 97.
No. 788. 9. Tomaja, Aug. 7, 1883.
45. Muscicapa erisoua (Linn.).
Muscicapa grisola, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 151; Hart. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 98.
Butalis grisola, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 146.
No. 174. @. Wadelai, Oct. 10, 1885.
No. 198. g. Wadelai, Nov. 12, 1885.
No. 208. $. Kabajirdi, Nov. 1, 1882.
46. Muscicapa INFULATA, Hartl.
Muscicapa infulata, Hartl. P. Z.S. 1880, p. 626; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii, 1881, p. 98.
Wadelai, four males and four females shot in June, July, and August.
The type was obtained at Magungo, on the northern extremity of Lake Albert Nyanza.
47. HyLioTa FLAVIGASTRA, Swains.
Hyliota flavigastra, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 248; Hartl. J. f.O. 1883, p. 323.
Hyliota orientalis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vill. 1882, p- 198.
No. 31. 6. Wadelai, Aug. 1, 1885.
Nos. 564, 565. gd. Kuterma, May 28, 1883.
Nos. 596, 597. g6 2. Hundii, June 4, 1883.
The specimens agree perfectly with a Senegal specimen in the British Museum.
bo Ni
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA.
48. ParisoMA PLUMBEUM (Hartl.).
Parisoma plumbeum, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 269.
Stenostira plumbea, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vill. 1882, p- 197.
Gad. Wadelai, July 7, 1885.
49. TERPSIPHONE CrisTATA (Gm.).
Terpsiphone cristata, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 354 ; id. Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. xvii. p. 425.
Tchitrea melanogastra, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 97; viii. 1882, p. 197.
Terpsiphone melanogastra, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 146 ; xxxii. 1882, p. 504.
No. 42. djuv. Tingasi, Aug. 1, 1883.
50. ExvMInIA TERESITA, Antin.
Elminia longicauda minor, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 446.
Elminia teresita, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 364.
Ad. Wadelai, Aug. 15, 1885.
This species differs from E. longicauda only in having the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure white, not shaded with greyish blue except on the sides of the chest. The outer pair of tail- feathers have a larger amount of white on the margin of the inner web; the inner web of the next feather has a small amount of white. The blackish colouring in front of the eyes is barely perceptible.
E. teresita: length 6°5 inches, wing 2°7, tail 3°5, tarsus 0°65.
E. longicauda: \ength 7:3 inches, wing 2°65, tail 4°3, tarsus 0°69.
51. MEGABIAS FLAMMULATA, J. & E. Verr.
Megabias flammulata, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 387.
No. 22. go. Tingasi, Aug. 1, 1883.
I have little doubt that this is an immature male of this species, as it agrees with an adult female specimen from Fantee in the British Museum.
52. MoraciLta FLAVA, Linn.
Budytes flava, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 145, 609.
Motacilla flava, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 516, pl. 6. figs. 3-5.
No. 849. ¢. Lado, Oct. 2, 1883.
53. ANTHUS PyRRHONOTUS (Vieill.).
Anthus gouldi, Hartl. Abbandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 99; viii. 1882, p. 198; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 337.
? Anthus sordidus, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 145.
Anthus pyrrhonotus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 555.
No. 164. 2. Redjaf, Jan. 26, 1884.
28 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
54. ANTHUS CERVINUS, Pall.
Anthus cervinus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 323 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 585. No. 121. 9. Redjaf, Jan. 1, 1884.
55. Macronyx croceus (Vieill.).
Macronyx croceus, Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vil. 1881, p- 99; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 145, 609; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 626.
No. 359. g¢. Wadelai, May 19, 1884.
56. Mirarra ApraTa (Vieill.).
Megalophonus fischeri, Reichen. J. f. O. 1883, p. 202.
Mirafra apiata, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 329.
No. 132. 9. Wadelai, Aug. 11, 1886.
This is the most northern locality yet known for this species, which ranges into South Africa and the Congo region.
57. Mrrarra Buco.ica, Hartl.
Mirafra bucolica, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 327.
3 ad. Tobbo, May 16, 1883.
In general colouring and size this Lark much resembles the S.-African JZ. sabota, but differs in the colouring of the quills, two pairs of the outer tail-feathers, and in the character of the feet. The following comparison between M. Sucolica and M. sabota will best point out the characters which appear to me to be of specific value.
M. bucolica.—Primaries broadly edged with rufous buff, that colouring extending to the quill of the first long primary throughout the greater portion of its length; inner webs broadly edged with rufous buff of the same shade for about half the length of the feathers. Two outer tail-feathers—outer one rufous buff with a diagonal dark portion extending from near the end of the inner web over the basal portion of the outer one, but not reaching to the outer web, and divided near the base of the quill-by the buff colouring, next feather with a broad rufous-buff edge to the outer web. Feet smaller and buffer, hind claw slightly straighter and longer.
M. sabota.—Primaries partially and very narrowly edged with buffish white, not perceptible on the first long primary ; inner margin of primaries whitish but nearly obsolete. Two outer tail-feathers—outer one blackish, with only a broad edging of rufous buff over scarcely more than half the width of the outer web and round the end of the feather; next feather with an almost obsolete pale margin to the outer web, widening slightly at the tip. Feet larger and browner, hind claw slightly more curved and shorter.
58. GaLERITA MoDESTA, Heugl.
Geocorypha modesta, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 691, pl. 23; Haru. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 328.
No. 150. Q. Redjaf, Jan. 17, 1884.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 29
No. 175. 6. Redjaf, Feb. 2, 1884.
No. 926. ¢. Redjaf, Nov. 23, 1583.
No. 970. ¢. Redjaf, Dee. 15, 1883.
This species is new to the British Museum Collection. It belongs apparently to the genus Galerita, being slightly crested, and it has the bastard primary short, only just extending beyond the primary- coverts, while in plumage it much resembles G. cristata.
59. PyRRHULAUDA LEUCOTIS (Stanley). Coraphites leucotis, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 669. No. 973. do. Dee. 16, 1883.
60. Parus niGER, Bonn. et Vieill.
Parus leucomelas, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 145, 609.
Parus niger, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viil.
No. 366. ¢. Kiri, May 22, 1884.
This is an adult male with no white edges to the tail-feathers ; in this character, and indeed in all other respects, it agrees perfectly with a Damara specimen in the British Museum, so that I cannot admit that there are any constant local races of this species.
61. AigirHAaLus pARvuLUus, Heug).
Aigithalus parvulus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 99; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 347, pl. 12. fig. 3.
No. 370. 3d. Kiri, May 24, 1884.
This species has been well figured by Dr. Hartlaub, and is quite distinct from 4%. capensis, of which it is the northern representative.
62. Aerrnaus muscutus, Hartl.
Aigithalus musculus, Hartl. J. f. O. 1882, p. 326 ; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 198; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 347.
No. 218. @. Lado, Feb. 25, 1884.
Nos. 252, 283. ¢ Q@. Lado, March 1884.
Like the last, this species is new to the British Museum. It comes nearest to 4. caroli, Sharpe, from which it may be readily dis- tinguished by its hoary white throat and chest, and the abdomen only tinted with rufous buff. The forehead is uniform with the upper parts, and the sexes are similar in plumage.
63. Puiter£rus ARNAUDI (Bp.).
Nigrita arnaudi, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 104; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 130; Xxxli. 1882, p- 207. (
Phileterus arnaudi, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 308.
No. 953. Q. Redjaf, Dec. 2, 1883.
Iris chestnut ; bill black ; legs dusky flesh-colour.
30 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
64. AmMaprina FascraTa (Gm.).
Sporothlastes fasciatus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 203; Pelz. Verh. Wieu, xxxii. 1882, p. 509.
Amadina fasciata, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p- 313.
No. 976. 3. Redjaf, Dec. 17, 1882.
65. PyRENESTES OSTRINUS (Vieill.).
Pyrenestes osirinus, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p- 314.
No. 717. S. Tingasi, July 4, 1883.
Iris dusky brown; bill black ; legs yellowish.
This specimen is small and entirely black and red. Total length 5 inches, culmen 0°5, wing 2°65, tail 2°15, tarsus 0°7. There isa very similar specimen in the British Museum from the Gold Coast.
66. SPERMOSPIZA RUFICAPILLA, Sp. 0.
Entire head, throat, front and sides of the chest uniform scarlet ; back of the neck, back, wings and tail when closed, dusky slate- colour; upper tail-coverts red, slightly darker than the head; re- mainder of the breast black, thickly spotted with white on the chest and barred on the abdomen and under tail-coverts. Under surtace of the wings and tail dusky black, mottled or barred with white on the under wing-coverts. Iris dusky brown; bill metallic blue with the end ecarmine, and the cutting-edges shaded with that colour ; legs dusky brown. Total length 6-2 inches, culmen 0°63, wing 2-9, tail 2°6, tarsus 0:95.
No. 752. 9. Bellima, July 15, 1883.
This species is closely allied to S. hematina and S. guttata, but may be readily recognized, at least in the female, by its having the entire head uniform scarlet. In the colouring of the bill it agrees best with S. guttata.
67. Hypareus monTerrRi (Hartl.).
Pytelia monteiri, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, . 203. ‘ Hypargus monteiri, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 318.
dg juv. Lado, Nov. 1, 1885.
No. 59. g. Tanjimoro, Sept. 23, 1883.
No. 179. Tanjimoro, Oct. 5, 1886.
The young bird from Lado differs from the adult in having the throat uniform grey, and in there being no white spots on the breast, which is chestnut fading into white on the abdomen. The under tail-coverts are broadly barred with chestnut and white.
68. Pyrevia MELBa (Linn.).
Pytelia _melba, Uartl.. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 104; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 509 ; Shelley, Lbis, 1886, p. 319.
Pytelia citerior, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p- 614.
No. 208. ¢.. Kibiro, Oct. 11, 1836.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 31
Iris and bill red, culmen blackish ; legs flesh-brown.
In the British Museum are apparently typical specimens of both sexes of P. cinereigula ; the female is a female of this species and the male is P. afra (Gm.).
69. PyTeELIA PHQ@NICOPTERA, Swains.
Pytelia pheenicoptera, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 203; Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 323.
Zonogustris erythroptera, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 509.
No. 385. ¢. Lado, Aug. 16, 1884.
Iris red; bill black ; legs pale brown.
70. LAGoNOSTICTA SENEGALA (Linn.).
Lagonosticta minima, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 606. Lagonosticta senegala, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 323.
No. 182. ¢. Kaubero, Oct. 7, 1886.
71. Laconosticra RARA (Antin.). Rhodopyga hypomelas, Heugl. J. f. O. 1868, p. 13, pl. 1. fig. 4. ” Habropyga hypomelena, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 611. Habropyga enochroa, Hartl. J. f. O. 1882, p. 322; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 203.
Lagonosticta rara, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 323.
Lagonosticta cnochroa, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 322, pl. 138. fig. 6.
Ad. Lado, Oct. 24, 1885.
No. 15. ¢. Tingasi, Aug. 9, 1883.
No. 175. 2. Tingasi, July 3, 1883.
I have referred this species to LZ. rara (Autin.), although I have not examined a typical specimen; but it appears to me to be un- doubtedly the same as L. enochroa, Hartl., which, under the im- pression that it was the type I had examined, I wrongly referred to L. rhodopareia (Ibis, 1886, p. 324). 4. rara has been badly figured by Heuglin under the name of Rhodopyga hypomelus, but the sides of the body have been painted black instead of red as described, and this appears to be the only character upon which LZ. enochroa, Hartl., has been separated.
The real characters for this species appear to be:—the pale patch on the lower mandible, most strongly marked in specimens 15 and 175, and the absence of white spots on the sides of the chest in adult males.
To this species should undoubtedly be referred the ZL. melano- gastra of my paper in ‘ The Ibis,’ 1883, p. 153, from Lukoja on the Niger.
72. EsTRELDA NONNULA, Hartl.
Astrilda nonnula, Hartl. J. f. O. 1883, p. 425; id. Zool. Jahrb. i, 1886, p. 321, pl. 13. fig. 5.
32 CAPT. G. E, SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
Habropyga tenerrima, Reichen. J. f. O. 1887, p. 213, Stanley Falls.
No. 58. gd. Kubbi, July 1881.
No. 654. g. Bellima, June 21, 1883.
36 @. Foda, Oct. 27, 1885.
The males have the bill black, with a red patch on the sides of the culmen and base of the lower mandible, also a pateh of scarlet on the sides of the body, of much less extent than in HZ. atricapilla. It is the Habropyga tenerrima of Reichenow.
The female differs in having the entire bill dusky black and no red on the sides of the body. This is the Astri/da nonnula, Hartl.
73. EsTRELDA PALUDICOLA, Heugl.
Estrelda paludicola, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 331; Hart]. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 321.
No. 706. 9. Tingasi, July 3, 1883.
New to the British Museum.
74. EsTRELDA ASTRILD (Linn.). . Estrelda astrild, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 322.
No. 288. @. Lado, March 30, 1884. A variety entirely white, with a red band round the eye.
75. ESTRELDA RHODOPYGA, Sundev.
Estrelda rhodopyga, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 333; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 322.
Nos. 135, 138. ¢. 136,139. 9. Wadelai, Sept. 18, 1885.
No. 154. ¢. Wadelai, Oct. 6, 1885.
76. EsTRELDA CINEREA (Vieill.).
Astrilda cinerea, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 103; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. p. 614; xxxii. 1882, p. 505; Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 333.
Nos. 39, 40. 6 2. Wadelai, Aug. 3, 1885.
77. EsTRELDA SUBFLAVA (Vieill.).
Habropyga subflava, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 609.
Estrelda subflava, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 334.
Nos. 235, 236, 243. g. Nos. 234, 242, 248, 253. 9. Lado, March 1884.
78. ORTYGOSPIZA ATRICOLLIS (Vieill.).
Ortygospiza atricollis, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 598; Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 338.
No. 150. g. Redjaf, Jan. 19, 1884.
Nos. 945, 946. ¢ 2. Redjaf, Nov. 30, 1883.
79. ViIDUA PRINCIPALIs (Linn.).
Vidua principalis, Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881,
1888.] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 33
p- 102; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 151, 613; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 426; Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 341.
No. 46. 2. Tingasi, Aug. 14, 1883.
80. CoLrusPAssER MACRURUS (Gm.).
Penthetria macroura, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vili. 1882, p- 202; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 606, 613; xxxii. 1882, p- 508; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 426.
Coliuspasser macrurus, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 348.
g ad. Tobbo, May 19, 1883.
81. CoLIUSPASSER AXILLARIS (Smith).
Urobrachya axillaris, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 102; viii. 1882, p. 221; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 151; xxxil. 1882, p. 508.
Coliuspasser axillaris, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 348.
Penthetria avillaris, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 325.
No. 285. ¢. Lado, March 31, 1884.
No. 56. 2. Lado, July 25, 1883.
82. PyROMELANA FLAMMICEPS (Swains.).
Pyromelana flammiceps, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 150, 613; Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 352.
Euplectes flammiceps, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 201.
Nos. 34, 54,72. S. Tingasi, Aug. 1883.
No. 45. Kubbi, July 1881.
83. PyROMELANA LADOENSIs (Reichen.).
Euplectes taha, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 103; viii. 1882, p. 201; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 506.
Euplectes ladoensis, Reichen. J. f. O. 1885, p. 218; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 339.
Pyromelana sticta, Shelley (nec Heugl.), Ibis, 1886, p. 354.
No. 408. ¢. Lado, Aug. 30, 1884.
84. QuELEA ERYTHROPS (Hartl.).
Hyphantica hematocephala, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 545, pl. 19a.
Quelea erythrops, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 356.
od. Kiubiro, June 3, 1886.
85. QUELEA CARDINALIs (Hartl.).
Hyphantica cardinalis, Hartl. J. f. O. 1880, p. 325; id. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 102; viii. 1882, p. 201; J. f. O. 1881, pl. i. figs. 1, 2; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxii. 1882, p. 508.
Quelea cardinalis, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 357.
Nos. 25, 26, 29. g. Lado, July 1885.
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—18838, No. III. 3
34 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
86. QuELEA QUELEA (Linn.).
Quelea quelea, Shelley, Ibis, 1886, p. 357.
do. Kaubiro, June 5, 1886.
Forehead black, flanks and thighs striped.
The occurrence of the black-fronted Quelea quelea on the shores of Lake Albert Nyanza shows, in my opinion, the affinity of the fauna of this part of Africa with that of the Congo on the West Coast; _ but the view may be entertained that Q. quelea and Q. ethiopica are not distinct species, but only local and not positively definable forms, and this may be supported by the great similarity of their females and by the form P. russi, Finsch, with no black on the head, being common to both, as also are the peculiar brown and pink shaded varieties.
87. PLroceus MELANOTIS, Lafr.
Sycobius melanotis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 101.
Anaplectes melanotis, Pelz. Ver. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 150; xxxii. 1882, p. 506 ; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 337.
Calyphantria erythogenys, Fisch. & Reichen. J. f. O. 1884, p- 181.
Ploceus melanotis, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 18.
No. 122. g. Redjaf, Jan. §, 1884.
88. PLoceus BAGLAFECT, Vieill.
Hyphantornis guerini, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 562, pl. 11. fig. 3.
Ploceus baglafect, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 20.
©. Kibiro, Oct. 8, 1886.
89. PLoceus NiGRICOLLIs (Vieill.).
Ploceus nigricollis, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 22.
No. 678. ¢. Wadelai, June 23, i883. Iris straw-colour; bill black ; legs dusky red.
This species has previously only been recorded from the West Coast.
Its near ally P. melanowanthus (Cab.) is fairly abundant on the East Coast, near Lamu and Mombas.
90. Proceus ocuxLarius, Smith.
Hyphantornis crocata, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881.
Hyphantornis ocvlarius, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 200.
Symplectes ocularius, var. crocata, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p- 341, pl. 14. fig. 11.
Ploceus ocularius, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 23.
Nos. 175, 176. ¢ 2. Tanjimoro, Oct. 5, 1886.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 35
91. PLocEUS CASTANOPS, Sp. Nn.
Male.—Head and underparts bright golden yellow, shading into chestnut on the forehead ; cheeks, front of the ear-coverts, chin, and throat chestnut, shading into black in frent of the eyes, and with a narrow black edging to the chin; the brown of the throat narrow almost to a point towards the lower neck ; back of the neck, back, ard scapulars uniform yellowish olive, slightly more yellow on the rump; wings brown, with all the feathers broadly edged with pale olive-yellow; tail olive-brown, with narrow yellowish edges to the feathers; under surface of the wings brown, the coverts pale rufous buff, with a golden shade, and the inner margins of the quills yellow. Bill black; legs reddish brown. Total length 5°6 inches, culmen 0°65, wing 2°8, tail 2, tarsus 0°9.
Female.—Crown and nape nearly uniform dusky brown; back and scapulars more buffish brown, with large dark centres to the feathers ; wings, rump, and tail as in the male, but not so bright ; underparts brownish buff, paler on the centre of the abdomen. Bill dark above, pale beneath. Total length 5:3 inches, culmen 0°55, wing 2°5, tail 1:8, tarsus 0-9.
In form and size this new species much resembles P. ocularius, but in no stage of plumage can it be confounded with that bird, ag it has no black stripes through the eye, and the broad pale edges of the wing-feathers contrast strongly with the dark portion. From P. xanthopterus it differs in its smaller size, in the more olive colour- ing of the back and edges of the wing-feathers, and in the brown of the forehead.
92. PLocrevs VITELLINUS (Licht.).
Hyphantornis vitellinus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1882, p. 200. Ploceus vitellinus, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 27.
No. 156. ¢. Wadelai, Oct. 7, 1885. Ins bright yellow.
93. PLoceus LuTEotus (Licht.).
Hyphantornis luteola, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 100; vii. 1882, p. 200.
Sitagra luteola, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 6125 xxxil. 1882, p. 506.
Ploceus luteolus, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 31.
Nos. 346, 347. ¢ Q. Redjaf, May 8, 1884.
Nos. 358, 367, 368. 9. Kiri, May 1884.
94. PLocrus PELZELNI (Hartl.).
Ieteropsis crocata, Pelz. (nec Hartl.) Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p- 149.
Sitagra pelzelni, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 348, pl. 14. figs. 9, 10.
Four males and five females, from Wadelai (May).
In the adult of both sexes the bill is black. In the immature
3%
36 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS (Jan. 17,
the bill is dusky brown above, pale beneath. In immature specimens, two of which are indicated as males, there is no trace of black on the head.
As this species is but little known, I shall describe the male in full plumage; the female is well figured by Dr. Hartlaub (J. ¢.). Very similar to P. /uteolus, but rather larger, and the bill consider- ably longer. The black of the head is very similar, only it extends slightly further back ; remainder of the head, nape, and sides of the neck bright yellow, like the breast, with no olive shade; remainder of the upper parts as in P. luteolus. '
P. pelzelni, $ ad. Total length 5°25 inches, culmen 0°65, wing 2°35, tail 1°8, tarsus 0°75.
P. luteolus, g ad. Total length 4°7 inches, culmen 0:5, wing 2°35, tail 1°7, tarsus 0°7.
95. PLoceus pimrp1atus (Salvad.).
Hyphantornis dimidiata, Salvad. & Antin. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 1873, p. 384, pl. 3; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882,
. 199. 2 Ploceus dimidiatus, Shelley, Ibis, 1887, p. 34.
Fifteen specimens of both sexes from Wadelai, procured in June, July, and August.
Iris umber-brown.
96. PLocrus AByYssINIcUS (Gm.).
Hyphantornis habessinica, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 99.
Hyphantornis abyssinica, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 612; xxxll. 1882, p. 505.
No. 265. g. May 22, 1884.
No. 38. ¢. Kiri, Sept. 12, 1883.
The second specimen is recorded as being in the winter plumage ; it closely resembles the figure of Textor flavirostris, Riipp. (Syst. Uebers. pi. 29).
97. PAssER RUFOCINCTUS, Fisch. & Reichen.
Passer motitensis, Heugl. (nec Smith) Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 634. Passer rufocinctus, Fisch. & Reichen. J. f. O. 1884, p. 55. No. 30. ¢. Lado, April 9, 1884.
98. SoRELLA EMINI, Hartl.
Sorella emini, Hartl. J. f.O. 1880, p. 211; J. f. O. 1881, pl. 1. figs. 3,4; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 104; viii. 1882, p. 201; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi, 1881, p. 150; xxxii. 1882, p. 507; Fisch. J. f. O. 1885, p. 136; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p- 340.
Passer emini, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii. p. 332 (1887).
No. 881. Lado, Nov. 2, 1883.
Nos. 204, 205. Lado, Feb. 18, 1884.
Nos. 120, 175. g. Redjaf, Jan. 31, 1884.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 37
99. CrITHAGRA BARBATA, Heugl.
Crithagra barbata, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 629 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 204. Gad. Tobbo, May 17, 1883.
100. FRINGILLARIA ORIENTALIS, Shelley.
Fringillaria orientalis, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 308 (Mamboio).
No. 109. 9. Tingasi, Aug. 1, 1883. Iris dusky, bill brown, legs pale brown.
There is a specimen of this species in the British Museum, labelled by Dr. Reichenow “ Fringillaria major,” from Leopoldville on the Congo.
101. FrinGILLaria FoRBEsI, Hartl.
Fringillaria capensis, Swains. (nec Linn.) B. W. Aft. i. p. 211, pl. 18.
Fringillaria forbesi, Hartl. J. f. O. 1882, p. 324; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vil. p. 204.
Ad. Kuterma, May 26, 1883. Iris dusky; bill blackish, paler on the lower mandible ; legs greyish horn-colour.
102. LaMPROCOLIUS SPLENDIDUS (Vieill.).
Lamprocolius splendidus, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 426.
No. 135. Tingasi, Sept. 1881.
This Gaboon species was first met with in Central Africa by Mr. Bohndorff in the Niam-niam couutry.
103. BUPHAGA AFRICANA, Linn.
Buphaga africana, Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 311. No. 189. 9. Kibiro, Oct. 8, 1886.
104. SaLpoRNIs SALVADORII, Bocage.
Hylipsornis salvadorii, Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 289, pl. 10. fig. 2
Salpornis salvadorit, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii. p. 330.
Salpornis emini, Hartl. P. Z. 8. 1884, p. 415, pl. 37; id. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 312.
No. 539. ¢. Tobbo, May 22, 1884.
This is, no doubt, the S. emini, Hartl., but I can detect no character by which it can be separated from 8S. salvadorii after comparing it with three specimens of the latter, two from Benguela and one from Mashoona land. The British Museum, since the’ acquisition of Mr. Hume’s valuable collection, contains a large series of S. spilonata, from which the present species is barely separable, the Asiatic form having the two centre tail-feathers generally much paler, and the throat and sides of the head of a rather purer white.
38 CAPT. G, E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS (Jan. 17,
105. NEcCTARINIA PULCHELLA (Linn.).
Nectarinia pulchella, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 9, pl. 4; Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 107; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 609 ; xxxii. 1882, p. 501.
No. 340. Lado, April 23, 1884. A partially white variety.
106. Crnnyris cuprREA (Shaw).
Cinnyris cuprea, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 191, pl. 58 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 428.
Nectarinia cuprea, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 609 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 168; viii. 1882, p. 205.
No. 584. ¢. Mundri, June 1, 1883.
107. CINNYRIS SUPERBA (Shaw).
Cinnyris superba, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 197, pl. 60; id. Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 428.
No. 751. ¢. Bellima, July 15, 1883.
This species was only known from the west coast, until it was recently procured in the Niam-niam country by Mr. Bohndorff.
108. CinNyRIS ERYTHROCERIA (Heugl.).
Cinnyris erythrocerius, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 209, pl. 64. fig. 2.
Nectarinia erythroceria, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 108; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 144.
No. 68. g. Wadelai, Aug. 9, 1883.
109. CrnnyriIs cHLOROPYGIA (Jard.).
Cinnyris chloropygius, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 257, pl. 79. No. 736. $. Tingasi, July 7, 1883.
Previously only known from the west coast.
110. Crnnyris actk (Antin.).
Cinnyris acik, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 295, pl. 82; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 428.
Nectarinia azic, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 108; viii. 1882, p. 206.
Nectariniu acik, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 143, 609.
No. 14. 2. Tingasi, Aug. 10, 1883.
111. Crnnyris opscurA (Jard.).
Cinnyris obscurus, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 391, pl. 92. No. 20, 3g. Tingasi, Oct. 23, 1883.
Formerly only known from West Africa.
112. Cynnyris veRTIcALIS (Lath.).
Cinnyris verticalis, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 301, pl. 97.
Nectarinia cyanocephala, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 206.
No. 718. 3. Tingasi, July 4, 1883.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 39
Nos. 79, 808. 2. Tomaja, Aug. 1883.
2 g. Foda, Nov. 1, 1885.
The specimens show that Latham described the female as Certhia verticalis, Shaw, the male as Certhia cyanocephala.
113. ANTHREPTES LONGUEMARII (Less.).
Anthreptes longuemarii, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 335, pl. 108.
Anthreptes orientalis, Hartl. J. f. O. 1880, p. 213 ; id. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 109 ; viii. 1882, p. 205; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 609; xxxil. 1882, p. 501; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 429.
No. 765. S. Bongereh, July 22, 1883.
The British Museum contains eight specimens, which I have compared with two of my own from Lado. My adult male has the lesser wing-coverts brilliant metallic green, which I cannot at all match in any of the other specimens, although a trace of green may be observed in all of them, often’ so slight as to be easily over- looked. It appears that in my monograph of this family (/.¢.) I rightly depicted the adult male and female. The immature male, as shown by Emin Pasha’s specimen in this collection, has a rather bright yellow abdomen, and has assumed the metallic purple colour- ing of the head and back before getting the metallic throat or discarding the white eyebrow. This proves, I presume, that Mr. Bohndorff’s second specimen from Sassa was a young male, and not a female as Mr. Sharpe records it.
With regard to size, the following measurements of the culmen and wings of ten specimens will show that no importance can be attached to them :—
Gambia, ¢ 2 : culmen 0°6, 0°65; wing 2°95, 2°6.
Cassamanse, ¢ 2 2 : culmen 0°65; wing 2°95, 2°65, 2°55.
Sassa, gad. and probably ¢ juv.: culmen 0°6, 0°65; wing 2°9, 2°05.
Bongerch, ¢ juv.: culmen 0°6 ; wing 2°75.
Lado, 2 ¢ : culmen 0°6, 0°55; wing 2°6, 2°4.
114. ANTHREPTES TEPHROLAMA (Jard. & Selby).
Anthreptes tephrolema, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 333, pl. 72. fig 2.
Nos. 24, 27. ¢. Tingasi, Oct. 1883.
This is another of the species hitherto only known from the west coast.
115. ANTHREPTES HYPODILA (Fraser).
Anthreptes hypodila, Shelley, Mon. Sun-birds, p. 345, pl. 111. figs. 1, 2.
No. 272. go. Lado, Oct. 23, 1885.
No. 30. g. Tingasi, July 15, 1883.
These birds agree perfectly with the West-African specimens, and have no metallic green on the outer webs of their primaries and greater wing-coverts.
40 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS (Jan. 17,
116. CoriLe crNncTA. Cotile cincta, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 164; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 101.
No. 155. 2. Wadelai, Oct. 7, 1885. No. 64. 2. Wadelai, Feb. 9, 1886.
&
117. Hirunpo rustica, Linn.
Hirundo rustica, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 109; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 128.
©. Lado, Oct. 30, 1885.
No. 145. go. Wadelai, Sept. 30, 1885.
118. Hirunpo smirut, Leach.
Hirundo filifera, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 155. Hirundo smithi, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 150. Nos. 115, 124. Wadelai, Sept. 1885.
119. HrruNDO SEMIRUFA, Sundev.
Hirundo semirufa and H. gordoni, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. pp- 167, 168.
©. Wadelai, Oct. 12, 1885.
Total length 8-2 inches, wing 4°8. H. semirufa from South Africa is said to be slightly larger than H. gordoni from West Africa, but I believe that the distinctness of these races cannot be maintained.
120. PsaALIDOPROCNE ALBICEPS, Sclat.
Psalidoproene albiceps, Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 108, pl. xiv. ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x. p. 206.
do. Wadelai, June 28, 1885.
Q. Wadelai, July 5, 1885.
No. 116. ¢ juv. Wadelai, Sept. 12, 1885.
This is only the second time this interesting species has been sent home. The former specimen, the type, was received in spirits from Uzinza, where it was procured by the expedition of Speke and Grant.
II. PICARIA.
121. COSMETORNIS VEXILLARIUS (Gould).
Cosmetornis vewillarius, Sclat. Ibis, 1864, p. 115, pl. 2; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. vii. 1884, p. 434.
Nos. 700, 701. 3g. Tingasi, July 2, 1883.
122. DENDROPICUS LAFRESNAYI, Malh.
Dendropicus lafresnayii, Hargitt, Ibis, 1883, p. 425.
No. 168. ¢. Tobbo, May 16, 1883.
This species was previously known only from the west coast.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 41
123. CAMPOTHERA NUBICA (Gm.).
Picus nubicus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 109 ; Pelz. Verh. Wien, 1882, p. 510.
Campothera nubica, Hargitt, Ibis, 1883, p. 451.
No. 148. Qjuv. Redjaf, Jan. 17, 1884.
124. CaMpoTHERA MACULOSA (Valenc.).
Campothera maculosa, Hargitt, Ibis, 1883, p. 475.
No. 11. Q. Tingasi, July 28, 1883.
Formerly only known from the west coast. I have compared it with Gold-Coast specimens in the British Museum and find that it agrees perfectly.
125. Isprptna pricra (Bodd.).
Ispidina picta, Sharpe, Mon. Alcid. p. 141, pl. 51; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 143; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 207 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 435.
No. 119. 2. Wadelai, July 16, 1886.
126. LorpHoceros Fascratus (Shaw).
Tockus fasciatus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pl. 50; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 435.
Lophoceros fasciatus, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 59.
No.1. 9. ‘Tingasi, Aug. 22, 1883. “
Noe it Oo Sept. La, Lo8ae
Nosh t2 FeO ee daly 16; 1883:
No. 62. Kubbi, July 1881.
127. PoGONORHYNCHUS BIDENTATUS (Shaw).
Pogonorhynchus bidentatus, Marshall, Mon. Capit. p. 11, pl. 6 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 432.
Pogonias bidentatus, Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 112.
Nos. 69,70. ¢ 2. Umparu, Feb. 16, 1885.
128. PoGoNORHYNCHUS LEUCOCEPHALUs (Defil.).
Pogonorhynchus leucocephalus, Marshall, Mon. Capit. p. 15, pl. 8; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 151; xxxii. 1882, p. 510; Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 209.
Pogonias leucocephalus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 112.
No. 352. 9. Redjaf, May 11, 1884.
129. PoGoONORHYNCHUS DIADEMATUS (Heugl.).
Pogonorhynchus diadematus, Marshall, Mon. Cap. p. 29, pl. 14 ; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi, 1881, p. 615; xxxii. 1882, p. 510.
Pogonias diadematus, Hart]. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. lt2.
No. 237. g. lado, March 3, 1884.
42 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
130. PoGonoruyncuvus LAcRYMosus (Cab.).
Tricolema lacrymosa, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, pp. 205, 240.
Nos. 23, 24. ¢. Wadelai, July 26, 1885.
Iris orange-yellow ; bill black ; legs slate-colour.
No. 18. 9. Wadelai, July 22, 1885.
The sexes are similar in plumage, and the black pearl-shaped marks on the sides of the chest are equally well defined in all the specimens.
131. BARBATULA CHRyYsocoMA (Temm.).
Barbatula chrysocoma, Marshall, Mon. Cap. p. 121, pl. 49. fig. 2; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 153; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 209.
No. 198. 2. Kibiro, Oct. 1886.
132. BARBATULA LEUCOLAMA, Verr.
Barbatula leucolema, Marshall, Mon. Cap. p. 129, pl. 51. fig. 2. Nos. 702, 809, 810, 811, 813. Tomaja, Aug. 1883.
Formerly only known from the west coast.
133. CuctLus GuLaARIs, Steph.
Cuculus gularis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 583; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 113; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 432.
No. 305. g. Lado, April 10, 1884.
Iris yellow; bill orange-yellow with the end black ; gape orange ; eyelids and feet yellow.
134. CucuLus cLAmosus, Lath.
Cuculus clamosus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 587 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 210; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool. xvill. 1884, p. 432.
No. 705. Qjuv. Tomaya, Aug. 7, 1883.
135. Curysococcyx cupreus (Bodd.).
Cuculus cupreus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 581.
Chalcites cupreus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 113; viii. 1882, p. 221.
No. 353. g. Redjaf, May 11, 1884.
No. 369. 2. Kiri, May 24, 1884.
136. Pacuycoccyx vatipus (Fisch. & Reichen.).
Cuculus validus, Fisch. & Reichen. J. f. O. 1879, p. 341, Muniune.
Pachycoccyx validus, Cab. J. f. O. 1882, p. 230.
No. 107, Q. Tangasi, Aug. 2, 1883.
As I only recognized this immature bird by the short note on its plumage given by Dr. Cabanis, /.¢., it may be useful to take this opportunity of describing the interesting specimen before me.
Above blackish brown with a faint purple gloss; the crown, back
nS
1888.] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 43
of the neck, middle of the rump, upper tail-coverts, some of the lesser wing-coverts, all of the median and greater coverts and the quills broadly tipped with buffish white ; forehead, nape, and sides of the head almost white ; the latter washed on the lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts with dusky grey. Tail with some five or six obsoletely paler bands, the base of the one near the end well defined by trian- gular white marks on the sides of the feathers, the other bands only indicated by smaller white marks confined to their inner webs, base of the tail white. Underparts whitish buff shaded with rufous buff on the sides of the body, thighs, and under tail- coverts, the latter have two broad black bars across them; under surface of the wing-coverts rufous buff ; quills dusky brown, fading into white towards the bases of their inner webs, all the quills broadly tipped with white. Total length 15°2 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 9, tail 8:3, tarsus 1.
There is a nestling of this species in the British Museum labelled «° W. Africa, DuChaillu,”’ from which I conclude that it is a Central- African species occasionally extending to the coast both in the east and west.
137. InpicaToR MAJoR, Steph.
Indicator major, Sharpe, in Dawson Rowley’s Orn. Miscell. i. p- 204; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 311.
No. 131. 9. Wadelai, Sept. 15, 1885.
Iris umber-brown ; bare skin on head leaden grey ; bill black ; legs dusky.
138. INDICATOR EMINI, sp. n. (Plate III.)
No. 675. $. Wadelai, June 23, 1883.
Bill slight. Upper parts uniform dusky brown, very slightly shaded with olive on the crown and back of the neck, slightly more so with deep yellow on the back and scapulars, increasing in amount of yellow on the rump, where a few feathers show white ends; wings dark brown ; the coverts shading into olive-yellow on their edges, the quills edged with deep yellow ; tail, four centre feathers entirely brown, remainder white, with the base only of the next pair to the four centre feathers dusky brown. Underparts, including the under tail-coverts, ashy brown, fading into white on the centre and sides of the abdomen behind the thighs. Total length 4°6 inches, culmen 0:3, wing 2°6, tail 2°1, tarsus 0°5.
In its slight bill this species approaches nearest to J. major, and by that character alone it may be readily distinguished from all the other known species of Honey-Guides. It is very distinct from any other member of the genus, and I am pleased to be able to name such a striking species after its celebrated discoverer.
139. MusorHaGa ross&, Gould.
Musophaga rosse, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p- 433; Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, p. 14.
No. 12. 9. Tingasi, Aug. 10, 1883.
44 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
This appears to be essentially an inland African species, for it has been procured by Mr. Bohndorff at Semmi in Niam-niam, and by Dr. Bohm in Marungu on the western side of Lake Tanyanika. It is also known from the interior of Angola.
140. CoryTHatx LEUcoLopuHus, Heugl.
Corythaix leucolophus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 703, pl. 24 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vill. 1882, p. 210; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. 1884, p. 433; Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, p. 20.
No. 828. Q. Kabajerdi, Aug. 20, 1883.
Iris brown ; eyelids pale blood-red; bill yellow, witha greenish base ; legs black.
141. CoryrHeoxa cristata (Vieill.).
Turacus giganteus, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 433.
Corytheola cristata, Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, p. 55.
Nos. 144, 145, 146, 147. Ad. Tingasi, Sept. 1881.
Iris red ; bill, basal half yellow, end half red; feet dusky. The red has entirely faded from the bills.
142. Eurystomus AFER (Lath.).
Eurystomus afer, Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 274; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 110; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p- 143; xxxii. 1882, p. 500; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 434.
No. 110. 9. Tingasi, July 16, 1883.
III. PSITTACI.
143. PsirTracus ERITHACUS, Linn.
Psittacus erithacus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, Sp2il' : Psittacus rubrovarius, Rochebrune, Faun. Sénégamb., Ois. p. 84, pl. 10. No. 158. @. Mabode Land, June 1884. Tris pale yellow; bili black; bare skin on sides of head pearly Tey. ‘ This is a peculiar red mottled variety of the Grey Parrot, probably due to some particular food to which the bird becomes partial ; for the irregularity of the red marking cannot, I maintain, be of specific value. M. Rochebrune regards it as a good species, and applies to it Brisson’s very characteristic name of rubrovarius. He also gives a good figure, which exactly represents the specimen before me.
Emin Pasha writes concerning it to the following effect :—<‘ In habits it is said not to differ from the grey form. It was given to me by one of the chiefs in Monbuttu, where it is known by the name ‘Curingu,’ and the common grey birds by that of ‘Makue.’”” He also gives some interesting notes on the migrations of the Grey
1888.] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 45
Parrot ; this species, to the east of Lake Albert Nyanza, ranges to about 2° N. lat., and to the west of that lake about a degree further north, being only met with as a straggler in the northern part of Monbuttu. Captain Casati informed him that in Unyoro the Grey Parrot passed in flocks eastward from the 24th to the 28th July, 1886, and repassed westward across the Lake from the 6th to the 12th of March, 1887.
144. AGapornis PULLARIA (Linn.).
Agapornis pullaria, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 212.
Nos. 47, 48. Tingasi, July 30, 1883.
IV. COLUMBA.
145. Treron cALvus (Temm.).
Treron nudirostris, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. ll7.
Treron calvus, Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 267; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 436; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. i. 1886, p. 329.
No. 816. ¢. Tomaya, Aug. 14, 1883.
146. TurtuR semiroraquatus, Riipp.
Turtur semitorquatus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p- 117; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 303. One specimen, without label.
V. ACCIPITRES.
147. PotyBOROIDES TyPIcus, Smith.
Polyboroides typicus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 48; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 437.
No. 227. 3. Lado, Feb. 26, 1886.
Iris dusky brown ; bill horn-blue, with the basal half white ; cere and feet yellow ; skin round the eyes and the lores rough and yellow.
This is an immature specimen in pale brown plumage.
148. Circus 2RuGINosus (Linn.).
Circus eruginosus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 102; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 69.
No. 274. 2. lado, March 19, 1884.
149. Mreierax PoLyzonus (Rupp.).
Melierax polyzonus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 88; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 143, 607 ; xxxil. 1882, p.500; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 437.
No. 277. ¢ juv. Lado, March 23, 1884.
46 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS [Jan. 17,
150. Mreierax NIGER (Bonn. et Vieill.). Melierax niger, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 91. Nisus niger, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 116.
No. 90. @. Gondokoro, Nov. 15, 1883. Iris scarlet; cere, base of mandible, and feet cinnabar-red ; bill black.
151. CrircAETUS CINERASCENS, Mill.
Circaetus cinerascens, Heugl. Orn. N. O.-Afr. p. 86, pl. 3; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 285; Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p- 306.
No. 827. 9. Kabajeudi, Aug. 20, 1883.
Iris pale yellow ; bill bluish yellow ; base, cere, and legs yellow.
152. BuTastuR RUFIPENNIs (Sund.).
Butastur rufipennis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 299; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 437.
Poliornis rufipennis, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p- 213.
Nos. 269, 270. ¢.
No. 282. 2. Lado, March 1884.
No. 118. Redjaf, Jan. 8, 1884.
153. Mitvus micrans (Bodd.).
Milvus etolius, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 98. Milvus korshun, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 322. No. 314. ¢. Lado, April 15, 1884.
154. Fauco cuviert, Smith. Falco cuvieri, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 400. No. 337. 2. Lado, April 22, 1884.
155. Fatco RUFICOLLIs, Swains.
Falco ruficollis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 404; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 115, viii. 1882, p. 221; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 606, xxxii. 1882, p. 499 ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 438.
No. 266. Qjuv. Lado, March 13, 1884.
156. TINNUNCULUS TINNUNCULUs (Linn.).
Cerchneis tinnunculus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 425 ; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 438.
Tinnunculus alaudarius, Pelz. Verh. Wein, xxxi. 1881, pp. 605, 607, xxxii. 1882, p. 500.
Nos. 961, 962. ¢ 9. Redjaf, Dec. 12, 1883.
No. 171. @. Redjaf, Jan. 29, 1884.
157. TINNUNCULUS ALOPEX (Heugl.).
Falco alopex, Heug). Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 41 ; Hartl. Abbandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 115.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 47
Cerchneis alopex, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 432, pl. 14. ize 1, 2:
No. 952. Redjaf, Dec. 2, 1883.
No. 167. Redjaf, Jan. 28, 1884.
The male is slightly darker and more strongly streaked.
158. DissopecTEs ARpeEs1ACcus (Bonn. & Vieill.).
Cerchneis ardesiaca, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 4463 id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 438.
Faleo ardesiacus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vil. 1881, p- 15; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 143, 606.
No. 290. 2. Lado, April 2, 1884.
159. Buso CINERASCENS, Gueér.
Bubo cinerascens, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 32; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 215; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 438.
No. 172. 9. Redjaf, Jan. 30, 1884.
Iris dusky ; bill blackish ; feet beneath the feathers dusky.
Compared with the S.-African B. maculosus (Sharpe, Cat. 11. p. 13), I do not see much difference in plumage, and do not think much of the feathering of the toes; but in B. maculosus the iris is yellow, which apparently settles the question of the difference in the two species.
160. Scors carEensts, Smith.
Scops zorea africana, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 117.
Scops capensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 52, pl. 3. fig. 1.
Nos. 37, 38. Wadelai, Aug. 2, 1885.
Iris sulphur-yellow ; bill horn-colour ; feet dusky.
This specimen certainly belongs to the 8. capensis as understood by Mr. Sharpe, and those collected by Mr. Bohndorff (Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soce., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 439) in the Niam-niam country to S. giu. To say that they are really specifically distinct requires more research than I have given to the subject.
161. GuavucipIuM PERLATUM (Vieill.).
Glaucidium perlatum, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 209; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 439.
Athene perlata, Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 143; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Verh. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 215.
No. 364. gS. Kiri, May 21, 1884.
6. 2. [No locality.] March 16, 1883.
162. Srrrx FLAMMEA, Linn.
Stria flammea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 291; id. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p. 440.
No. 63. Tingasi, May 1882.
Small; wing only 9:4 inches, but of the ordinary typical colouring.
48 CAPT. G. E. SHELLEY ON BIRDS (Jan. 17,
VI. PTEROCLETES.
163. PreROCLES TRICINCTUS, Swains.
Pterocles tricinctus, Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p- 216.
Nos. 296, 299, 306. 3 Qad.; gd juv. Lado, April 1884.
Skin round the eye and feet yellow. dad., bill orange; ¢juv., bill orange, tipped with black; 9, bill dusky black, fading into orange at the base.
VII. GALLINA. 164. NumipA pTILORHYNCBHA, Licht. Numida ptilorhyncha, Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 102, pl. 29; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 116. Nos. 114,115. 92. Tingasi, Aug. 1883.
165. FRANCOLINUs ICTERORHYNCHUS, Heugl.
Francolinus icterornynchus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 894, pl. 29 ; Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 118.
No. 113. g. Tingasi, Aug. 20, 1883.
No. 131, 134. ¢ Q. Tingasi, Sept. 1881.
Iris and legs yellow; bill yellow, with the culmen black.
166. FRANCOLINUS GRANTI, Hartl.
Francolinus granti, Hartl. P. Z.S. 1865, p. 665, pl. 39. fig. 1.
Francolinus shoanus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Atr. p. 891, pl. 29. fig. 2.
Francolinus pileatus, Hartl. (nec Smith), Abhandl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 118.
Francolinus ochrogaster, Hartl. J. f. O. 1882, p. 327; id. Ab- handl. nat. Ver. Brem. viii. 1882, p. 218.
No. 256. 2. Lado, March 1884.
Nos. 298, 303. ¢ 2. Lado, April 1884.
Iris brown ; legs blood-red ; bill blackish.
VIII. GRALLATORES. 167. PLATALEA TENUIROSTRIS, Temm.
Platalea tenuirostris, F. & H. Vog. Ostafr. p. 718; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1126.
No. 262. gjuv. Lado, March 12, 1884.
168. Oris MELANOGASTER, Riipp. Otis melanogaster, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 951. No. 375. 9. Redjaf, June 2, 1884.
169. GipIcNEMUS SENEGALENSIS, Swains.
Edicnemus inornatus, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 989 ; Hartl. Ab- handl. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 1881, p. 120; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, p. 616.
No. 268. 2. Lado, March 15, i884.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 49
170. GEpicNEMUs AFFINIs, Riipp. Gdienemus affinis, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 990. No. 310. @. April 14, 1834.
171. Hoptorrerus spinosus (Linn.).
Hoplopterus spinosus, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 441 5 Hartl. Zool. Jahrb. ii. 1886, p. 332.
No. 852. 9. Lado, Oct. 5, 1883.
172. ANGIALITIS TRICOLLARIS (Vieill.).
Charadrius tricollaris, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1027, pl. 34. fig. 5.
Nos. 174, 182. ¢ Q. Kibiro, June 1886.
173. ASeraLiTis MINOR (Meyer & Wolf).
Charadius fluviatilis, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1029; Pelz. Verh. Wien, 1881, p. 155.
No. 297. g. Lado, April 8, 1884.
174. ASGIALITIS PecUARIUS (Temm.).
Charadrius pecuarius, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1033, pl. 34. fig. 7. Nos. 296, 297. 3 Q. Kibiro, June 1886.
175. ANGIALITIS ASIATICUS (Pall.).
Charadrius damarensis, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1018. Eudromias asiaticus, Pelz. Verh. Wien, 1881, p. 155. Nos. 284, 285. ¢. Lado, March 30, 1884.
176. GLAREOLA EMINI, Sp, 0.
@. Lado, Oct. 18, 1884. Iris umber-brown; culmen and end of bill black, base of bill and legs vermilion.
This species is closely allied to G. megapoda, Gray, and G. nuchalis, Gray. From the former it differs in having the nuchal collar white instead of chestnut-buff, from the latter in being much larger and in not having any white on the outer webs of the secondaries.
G. emini: total length 7-9 inches, wing 6°1, tail 2°8, tarsus 0°8.
G. nuchalis: total length 5°6 inches, wing 5°5, tail 2°4, tarsus 0°8.
I have compared the specimen from Lado with three adults and an immature of G. megapoda and with the type of G. nuchalis.
177. CORYTHURA CINNAMOMEA (Less.).
Corythura cinnamomea, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 1884, p- 441.
No. 710. Tingasi, July 3, 1883. Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1888, No. IV. 4
50 DR. A. GUNTHER ON REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS [Jan. 17,
IX. NATATORES.
178. PLorus LEVAILLANTI, Licht.
Plotus levaillanti, Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1475; Pelz. Verh. Wien, xxxi. 1881, pp. 606, 618.
No. 844. 2. Lado, Sept. 29, 1883.
179. QUERQUEDULA HARTLAUBI, Cass.
Querquedula hartlaubi, Oust. Bull. N. Arch. Mus. Paris, 1879, pl. 6.
No. 4. d. Tingasi, July 20, 1883. ;
Iris yellowish brown ; bill black, with a broad subterminal yellow band ; legs brown.
3. Report on a Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians sent by Emin Pasha from Monbuttu, Upper Congo. By Dr. A. Gintuer, F.R.S.
[Received January 10, 1888.]
The specimens, 27 in number, belong to the following species :—
TORTOISES. 1. PELOMEDUSA SUBRUFA,, Lac.
LIZARDS.
2. Varanus niLoticus, L.—Two young specimens. 3. HEMIDACTYLUS BROOKII, Gray. 4. LyGoDACTYLUS GUTTURALIS, Bocage.
5. CHAMALEON SENEGALENSIS, var. LEVIGATA, Gray.—Three specimens. Although I adopt Mr. Boulenger’s view that C. Jevigatus of Gray should not be specifically distinguished from C. senegalensis, still the former may be readily recognized by its conspicuously finer granulation of the skin, and especially the smaller size of the scutella of the side of the head. The type of C. levigatus came from the Soudan ; and the three specimens sent by Emin Pasha agree in the
characters mentioned with this geographically not very remote form of Chameleon.
SNAKES. 6, TypHiops EscuricuTn, Schleg.—Three specimens.
7. TyrHLops LIBERIENsIS, Hallow.—Two specimens.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA, 51
8. NervusTEROPHIS ATRATUS, Ptrs. (1877).—This example possesses one anteocular only. The species is new to the collection of the British Museum.
9. AHAETULLA EMINI, sp. n.— Ventral shields without keels, 151 ; anal bifid ; upper labials 9, the 4th, 5th, and 6th entering the orbit ; 1 anteocular, 2 postoculars ; 6 of the lower labials are in contact with the chin-shields ; loreal not twice as long as broad ; temporal shields 1+2; scales smooth, in 15 rows. Head of moderate size, not elongate or depressed ; body and tail moderately slender. Uniform green ; skin between the scales black, each scale with a white spot on the basal half of its outer margin. The specimen measures 29 inches, the head being #, and the tail 10 long.
10. DasyPELtis scaBRaA, L. 11. Psammoruis siB1Lans, L.—Three specimens.
12. ATRACTASPIS IRREGULARIS, Reinh.—This species has invari- ably the subcaudals divided into “scutella”—a term which evidently has been misunderstood by Peters, who persisted in applying it to undivided subcaudal shields, properly ‘“‘scuta,” Peters using the term of squame for the former, A renewed study of the species of this genus has also shown me that the doubts which Peters cast upon them ean only have arisen from the incomplete materials at his disposal.
13. ATRACTASPIS ATERRIMA, Gthr.—The specimen is very much shrunk and possesses 299 ventral shields, the type having 274.
FROGS. 14. Rana occipiratis, Gthr. 15. Rana mascarEntEnsIs, D, B.—Two specimens. 16. Buro rEGULARIS, Reuss.—Two specimens.
17. RAppia CINCTIVENTRIS, Cope.
Of these 17 Reptiles and Frogs, 9 are almost generally distributed over the African Region; of the remainder 7 are known from various parts of West Africa, whilst not a single species known to be peculiar to East Africa is included in this collection. Although it might thus appear that the Reptilian Fauna of the Upper Congo is rather West-African than East-African in its character, we must not lose sight of the fact that many species extend right across from the West to the East Coast, and that if in the end the Eastern and Western Reptilian Faunas should prove to be sufficiently distinct to call for the establishment of two or more separate zoo-geographical districts, our knowledge of the Reptiles of the central parts is at present much too fragmentary to assist in fixing the boundary line between such districts.
4*
52 MR. E. A. SMITH ON SHELLS (Jan. 17
4. On the Shells of the Albert Nyanza, Central Africa, obtained by Dr. Emin Pasha. By Epear A. Smita.
[Received December 5, 1887.]
Among the valuable collections of Natural History recently received from Dr. Emin Pasha are a few shells which he collected in the Albert Nyanza, probably from the eastern side of the Lake.
They are referable to :—
1. Melania tuberculata, Miller. 2. Melania liricincta, n. sp.
3. Paludina unicolor, var.
4. Bythinia alberti, n. sp.
5. Planorbis stanleyi, n. sp.
It is not surprising that three out of these five species should be undescribed, as, with one exception, no collections of shells have ever reached this country from this particular region.
In 1866 Mr. Henry Adams gave a list, in the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society (p. 375), of a collection of shells made in Central Africa by Sir Samuel Baker, the discoverer of the lake. I am informed by that gentleman that all the shells mentioned by Mr. Adams, and which he has presented to the British Museum, came from the Albert Nyanza.
Through the kindness of the Rev. Horace Waller I have had the opportunity of examining a series of shells from the same locality, which he also received from Dr. Emin. Among them are examples of two new species, a Cleopatra and a Bythinia, which are not repre- sented in the two other collections.
Altogether fifteen species are now known from this particular lake, and of these seven appear at present to be peculiar to it. The remaining eight have all been recorded from different parts of the Nile, and one species, Melania tuberculata, is also known from three of the other large Central African lakes, namely Nyassa, Tanganyika, and Victoria Nyanza. The Planorbis sudanicus also occurs in Lake Tanganyika.
The following is a complete list of the known species from the Albert Nyanza.
1. MevaniA TUBERCULATA, Miller.
A large series of this remarkably distributed species has been sent by Dr. Emin Pasha. A dark purplish brown or black is the pre- vailing tint of most of the specimens, with only slight indications of the spotting which is characteristic of the species. Some of the examples, however, possess the usual style of colouring, being pale olive or dirty white and dotted and spotted with red.
2. MELANIA LIRICINCTA, N. sp.
Testa elongata, turrita, sub epidermide nigro-fusca albida ; anfractus persistentes 5, parum convexi, interdum inferne leviter tumidi,
1888. ] FROM THE ALBERT NYANZA. 53
liris spiralibus 2-3 circa partem inferiorem instructi, sutura sub- profunda, obliqua sejuncti; ultimus circa medium et basim liris paucis cinctus ; apertura pyriformis, intus c@rulescens ; peris- toma tenue, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Longit. anfractuum quinque 26, diam. 94 millim.; apertura 94 longa, 53 lata.
Fig. 1.
Melania liricincta,
On removing the thickish epidermis the shell has a dirty whitish appearance. ‘The spiral ridges are usually rather strong and vary in number to some extent. Two specimens have four round the middle part of the body-whorl and four at the base, the two sets being separated by a smooth blank space. Two or three of the upper series usually revolve up the spire upon the lower portion of the upper whorls.
M., victorie, Dohrn, from the Victoria Falls, Zambesi River, is an allied form.
3. AMPULLARIA WERNEI.
Amp. wernei, Philippi, Conch.-Cab. ed. 2, p. 19, pl. 5. f. 4, pl. 17. f. 2; Martens, Novit. Conch. vol. iv. p. 22, pl. 114. figs. 1-5.
Lanistes, sp.?, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 376.
Hab. White Nile (Philippi) ; Gazelle River (v. Martens) ; Albert Nyanza (Baker).
The two young shells referred to the genus Lanistes by Adams appear to be the early stages of this species.
4, PALUDINA UNICOLOR, var.
There are in the British Museum twelve specimens from the Albert Nyanza, received from the late General Gordon and Sir Samuel Baker, which are precisely similar to those just obtained from Emin Pasha. They may be regarded as a well-marked variety of P. unicolor, Oliver, although differing considerably in outline from the typical form. They appear to be smaller and narrower ; the whorls are more rounded and without any indication of angulation at the upper parts, and exhibit more spiral striation. The colour seems to vary considerably : some are entirely of a pale rosy tint ; others are nearly white ; one or two specimens belonging to Mr. Waller are of a pur- plish-brown colour, a few are olive-yellow, and the majority exhibit a more or less distinct pale zone at the periphery, which sometimes has a dark band below it.
54 MR. E. A. SMITH ON SHELLS [Jan. 17,
5. CLEOPATRA EMINI, 0. sp.
Testa ovato-acuminata, anguste umbilicata, mediocriter tenuis, sordide albida, lutea vel purpureo-fusca, interdum rufo bi- vel trizonata ; anfractus 7-8, superne decliviter tabulati, angulati, carinis duobus instructi, lineis incrementi parum obliquis, distincte striati ; apertura ovalis, parva, longit. totius 3 haud equans ; peristoma tenue, margine columellari leviter expanso et reflexo. Longit. 114 millim., diam. 6 ; apertura 5 longa, 3% lata.
Fig. 2.
Cleopatra emini.
This pretty species is remarkable for the angulation and cari- nation of the whorls. In five of the specimens at hand there are two keels upon the whorls, whereof the upper and rather stronger one is at the angle, the other being around the middle of the last volution and revolving up the spire just above the sutural line. In one example there is a third slight lira or keel upon the upper part of the whorl between the suture and the angle ; and in another specimen the peripherial carina has become obsolete upon the body-whorl and is represented by a colour-band. C. bulimoides, Olivier, if keeled and angulated, would closely resemble this species. The operculum in both species is the same. It is spiral at first with a raised edge, and increases afterwards concentrically.
Three specimens of this species have been liberally presented to the Museum by the Rev. H. Waller.
6. ByTHINIA ALBERTI, 0. sp.
Testa parva, subglobosa, brevis, anguste umbilicata, alba, epidermide tenut lutescente induta ; anfractus 4, perconvezi, lineis incrementi striati, ultimus haud elongatus ; apertura submagna, fere ovalis, longit. totius } paulo superans; peristoma continuum, leviter incrassatum, margine columellari anguste reflexo. Longit. 4; diam. maj. fere 4 millim.
The chief distinguishing features of this little species are its short stumpy growth and the narrow umbilicus. Of the known African species, B. badiella, received by the British Muscum from Parreyss with the locality “ Egypt,” is the nearest ally of the present form. It is, however, of a somewhat different shape, has a smaller aperture, and is more narrowly perforate.
7. BYTHINIA WALLERI, ND. sp.
Testa parva, albido-pellucida, nitida, perforata; anfractus 43-5, perconveai, striis incrementi tenuissimis sculpti ; apertura rotunde
1888. ] FROM THE ALBERT NYANZA. 55 ovata, longit. totius 5 haud equans ; peristoma tenue, conti- nuum, marginibus externi et basali levissime expansis. Longit. 5 millim., diam. 3; apertnra 24 X 2.
Fig. 3.
Bythinia wallert.
This is very different in form from B. alberti, having a much higher spire and smaller aperture, The single specimen is at present in the possession of the Rev. H. Waller.
8. PLANORBIS SUDANICUS.
Pl. sudanicus, v. Martens, Mal. Blit. 1870, vol. xvil. p.35; 1874, p. 41; Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. vol. iv. p. 23, pl. 114. f. 6-9 ; Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 349.
Hab. White Nile (Consul Petherick in Brit. Mus.); Gazelle River (Bahr-el-Ghasal) (v. Martens) ; Albert Nyanza (Baker and Emin) ; Tanganyika (Smith).
It is interesting to note the distribution of this species as dimly indicating a connection between the two lakes, which at present is but a matter of conjecture.
9. PLANORBIS STANLEYI, 2D. sp.
Testa mediocriter depressa, utrinque subequaliter concava, nitida, oblique striata, vix semipellucida, cornea, inferne pallida; anfrac- tus 4, celeriter accrescentes, rotundati, ultimus magnus, antice paulo inflatus, sutura profunda sejunctus ; apertura magna, obliqua, plerumque supra anfr. penultimum elevata ; perist. tenue, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari leviter incrassato et reflero. Diam. 9, alt. 43; apertura 43 longa, 3% millim. lata.
This species is remarkable for the rapid enlargement of the last
whorl, which ends in a very open aperture and usually is produced above the penultimate whorl ; in some specimens, however, it descends somewhat.
10. CorsicuLa rapraTa, Philippi.
Cyrena radiata (Parreyss, MS.), Philippi, Abbild. vol. i. p. 78, Bit. 4.8.
Hab. White Nile (Bahr-el-Abiad) (Philippi); Albert Nyanza (Baker and Emin) ; Lake Nyassa (Smith, P. Z. S. 1877 p. 718).
11. CorgicuLa pusILx, Philippi. Cyrena pusilla (Parreyss, MS.), Philippi, Abbild. vol. ii. p. 78, Bela. 7:
Hab. Upper part of the Nile (Philippi) ; Syene or Assouan on the Nile (Parreyss in Brit. Mus.).
56 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
12. Unio aeyprtracus, Caillaud. Hab. Various parts of the Nile; Albert Nyanza (Baker).
13. Unio cartuaAunt, Férussac. Hab. Same as preceding.
14. UNIO BAKERI.
Unio bakeri, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 376.
Hab. Albert Nyanza (Baker and Emin).
Only one fresh and two dead valves without the epidermis were obtained by Sir Samuel Baker. Five odd valves, which have been presented by Mr. Waller to the Museum and are in geod cendition, show that this species, like most others of the genus, is very variable in form, and that the extent and coarseness of the zigzag wrinkling of the surface is very inconstant. A number of so-called species of Unio described by Bourguignat! from the Victoria Nyanza approach very closely to U. bakeri, and indeed I should be surprised if several of them on comparison might not satisfactorily be classed with it.
15. Unio ACUMINATUS.
Unio acuminatus, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 376.
The two valves collected by Sir S. Baker are all that is known of this species. It is of a more slender form than the preceding, and has down the posterior dorsal area two subparallel shallow grooves or impressed rays with a raised space between them. This feature is represented in U. bakeri by two divergent colour-rays in the same part, but rather more remote from one another.
5. On the Lepidoptera received from Dr. Emin Pasha. By Arruur G. Burier, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
[Received December 5, 1887.]
The Lepidoptera received from Dr. Emin Pasha are referable to no less than 156 species, of which thirteen Butterflies and two Moths are new to science ; one or two of these are extremely variable and, had the extremes only been obtained, might fairly have been regarded as distinct species.
The collection contains a combination of South-western and North-eastern forms, by far the greater number, especially of those obtained at Wadelai in 1887, being identical with Abyssinian species; a few more southerly forms, identical with species from Kilma-njaro, crop up here and there, such as Junonia infracta, Teracolus aurigineus, and others,
1 Moll. fluvy. du Nyanza Oukéréwé (Victoria Nyanza), Paris, 1883, pp. 3-15.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA, 57
RHOPALOCERA. NYMPHALID&.
EUPL@IN.
1, Limnas CHRYSIPPUS.
Papilio chrysippus, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 263 (1764).
3 @. Kangasi, 7th and 20th July; 2. Féda, 26th November, 1885, Stazione Gadda, 20th February, 1886; ¢ 9. Monbuttu, July and August (1886 ?); Wadelai, 12th January, 5th and 11th March, 1887.
From this form to its variety L. alcippoides there is a perfect tran- sitional series commencing with a mere whitening of the median branches of the secondaries and gradually increasing to a well-defined white patch.
Var. ALcrpporDEs, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 238, pl. xxxi. fig. 1.
3 2. Kangasi, 17th and 25th July and 21st November, 1883 ; d . Stazione Gadda, 7th May, 1884; ¢ 2. Fdéda, 23rd November, 1885 ; Monbuttu, July and August ; Wadelai, 12th and 13th Jan- uary, 1887.
This is also linked by intermediate steps to L. alcippus: the latter therefore, though a good constant species on the West Coast from Sierra Leone northwards, can here, as at Aden, be only regarded as a variety of L. chrysippus.
Var. aLcippus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. exxvii. E, F (1779).
3 Q. Tobbo, 21st May; Kangasi, 14th, 17th, 20th, 22nd, 25th, and 27th July ; 12th and 17th October; 14th, 18th, and 21st No- vember; Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Stazione Gadda, 26th January, 1884; Fdéda, 1st November, 1885; Wadelai, 13th and 27th January, 1887; Monbuttu in July and August.
2. LiIMNAS KLUGII.
Limnas klugii, Butler, P. Z.S. 1885, p. 758. n. 2.
@. Féda, 17th and 23rd November, 1885.
Three examples of this species were obtained at Fdéda; none elsewhere. No intermediates tending to link it to L. chrysippus exist in the collection, so that probably it does not interbreed with the latter in any of the localities visited.
3. TIRUMALA PETIVERANA. Danais limniace, var. petiverana, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 93, pl. 12. fig. 1 (1847).
Stazione Bauri, September 1883 ; Kangasi, 27th July and 14th November, 1883 ; Monbuttu, in July and August. This is a common South-western torm.
4. AMAURIS HYALITES. Amauris hyalites, Butler, Cist. Ent. i, p. 209 (1874). 3 9. Kangasi, 17th and 27th July, 1883.
58 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
Originally described from a specimen taken at Ambriz by the late Mr. Monteiro.
SATYRINZ. 5. GNOPHODES DIVERSA.
Gnophodes diversa, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. v. p- 333 (1880).
Féda, 28th October and 10th November, 1885.
Smaller than Natal specimens, but otherwise identical.
6. MxrLANITIS SOLANDRA, var.
Papilio solandra, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 500. n. 244 (1775).
Q . Stazione Bauri, July 1883; ¢. Féda, 23rd October, 1885.
This is the Congo type of the species ; whether it is distinct from the M. helena of Westwood or even from the true M. Jeda of Linnzeus can only be shown by careful breeding ; that it is distinct from my M. determinata (the M. /eda of Indian authors) may be safely taken for granted, since the red-brown, rufous, and russet types do not occur in India.
It is true that in 1867, as Mr. Trimen says, I communicated a paper to the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ in which I described the whole of the olive-brown and rufous types, all the simple-winged and faleated types, all the ocellated and non-ocellated types as varieties of M. leda; but I must confess that after the lapse of 20 years I feel considerable doubt as to the correctness of my then untrained opinion ; as a matter of fact, nobody has conclu- sively proved the identity or non-identity of the many named types which have been associated under the name of MW. leda. This being the case I prefer, when naming a collection, to quote the description or figure which fits the specimens before me, though at the same time I abstain from adding to the series of names which may have to be abolished.
7. MYCALESIS INJUSTA. :
Mycalesis injusta, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 33. n. 1 (1857).
Féda, 22nd and 23rd October, 1885; Monbuttu, July and August.
8. MyYcALEsIS EUSIRUS.
Mycalesis eusirus, Hopffer, Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl. 1855, p. 641. te Sy
3. Tobbo, 21st May, 1883.
9. MycCALESIs CAFFRA.
Mycalesis caffra, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 34. n. 2 (1857).
Kangasi, 22nd July, 1883 ; Fdéda, 26th November, 1885.
The three preceding forms have been regarded as varieties of one
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 59
species, but the arguments brought forward in favour of their identity are not conclusive. Mr. Trimen regards all three as varieties of M. safitza, and adduces the fact that Hopffer himself marked his M. eusirus as synonymous with M. safitza, as conclusive evidence ; unfortunately naturalists are but human, and it is astonishing what a difference abundant material will make in a man’s views as to the distinctness of species.
10. SAMANTA PERSPICUA.
Mycalesis perspicua, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1873, p- 104, pl. 1. fig. 3.
Tobbo, 21st May, 1883.
11. YeTHIMA PUPILLARIS, Sp. 0.
Allied to Y. doleta ; smoky brown ; wings above with pale external borders bounded internally by a darker stripe and traversed by two slender marginal lines ; primaries with a large oval bipupillated ocellus, with blue pupils and yellow (dead-golden) iris, beyond the cell; secondaries with a smaller unipupillated ocellus on first median interspace and a very small double ocellus near anal angle: Under surface apparently similarly coloured but greyer, but actually (when seen through a lens) sandy brown, densely striated with dark olive- brown, with a stripe towards outer margin and a submarginal line dark brown; a marginal black line ; fringe tipped with dark brown ; ocellus of primaries rather brighter than above: secondaries with three ocelli, the first subcostal near apex ; the second and third small, rounded, answering to those of the upper surface, but more equal in size and shape; the subanal ocellus, however, is bipupillated. Ex- panse of wings, ¢ 38 millim., 2 36 millim.
@. “On the River Dangu,” 14th June; 3. “Ganyese Tambu (Sandel),”’ 15th June, 1883.
The female is a little paler and greyer than the male.
12. YpTHIMA SIMPLICIA.
Ypthima simplicia, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vol. Xvill. p. 481 (1876).
Wadelai, 30th July, 1885; 9th April, 1887.
Originally received from Abyssinia.
13. YPTHIMA ITONIA. Ypthima itonia, Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soe. ser. 3, vol. ii. p. 287. n. 11, pl. 18. fig. 13 (1865).
Kangasi, 17th July ; Stazione Bauri, September 1883. Only two much-damaged examples were obtained.
14. YPTHIMA ALBIDA, Sp. n.
Wings above silvery white; primaries with the base, costa, apical area, and external border suffused with smoky greyish brown; a partially obscured oval bipupillated subapical ocellus of the ordinary type: secondaries with a rather broad brown external border tapering
60 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
from anal angle to apex; an indication of a small ocellus near the outer margin on the first median interspace: under surface dark smoky brown, sparsely transversely striated with white; primaries with one and secondaries with three ocelli arranged as in Y. pupillaris. Expanse of wings 39 millim.
do. Féda, 20th October, 1885.
A rather worn male of this remarkable species was obtained ; unlike all the other species in the genus, it resembles Zuptychia ocirrhoé on the upper surface.
NyYMPHALINZ. 15. CHARAXES LUCRETIUS.
Papilio lucretius, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 82. F, G (1779). @. Monbuttu, July or August.
16. CHARAXES POLLUX. Papilio pollux, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 37. E, F (1776). 3. Monbuttu, July or August.
17. CHARAXES KIRKI.
2. Charazes kirkii, Butler, Ent. Month. Mag. xvii. p. 105 (1881).
3. Toro, Féda, 27th October, 1885.
The male is velvety blue-black; the primaries with a narrow bronze-greenish border, divided by dusky veins; the base shot with steel-blue ; a blue spot within the anterior angle of the cell, three opaline white spots (only the central one large) at one third the distance from discoidal cell to apex, two similarly coloured spots and a dot at two thirds: secondaries with a bronze-greenish marginal lunulated stripe, followed by a black fringe, the first four divisions enclosing dark red curved dashes, the remainder more or less golden ; a submarginal series of more or less lunate spots, separated from the greenish border by black curved dashes or semicircular spots ; this series consists of white-edged spots, all, excepting two confluent ones at the anal angle (which are violet), being blue-green; a short distance from the submarginal series is a discal lunulate green line ; on the under surface the male much resembles the female, differing just as the other black males do from their respective females.
18. PALuA VARANES. Papilio varanes, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 160. D, E (1779).
A fragment of this species was captured at Faro on the 7th November, 1885.
19. HyPoLIMNAS MISIPPUS.
Papilio misippus, Linneus, Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 264 (1764).
6. Stazione Bauri, September; ¢ 9. Kangasi, 2nd, 16th, and 17th October and 21st November, 1883; Monbuttu in July and August.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 61
20. HypPoLIMNAS INARIA.
Papilio inaria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 214. A, B (1782).
Wadelai: ¢ Q. 13th and 27th January; ¢. 29th and 31st March; 8th and 9th April, 1887.
This local form of H. misippus is chiefly distinguishable in the female sex, which resembles Limaas klugii; it can hardly be called a variety of H. misippus, inasmuch as it replaces it in the same localities in which L. Alugii replaces L. chrysippus; yet the males of H. misippus and H. inaria seem almost, if not absolutely, iden- tical in character.
21. HypoLIMNAS SALMACIS.
Papilio salmacis, Drury, Ul. Ex. Ent. ii. pl. 8. figs. 1, 2 (1773). A worn example was taken at Monbuttu in July or August.
22. PANOPEA LUCRETIA. Papilio lucretia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 45. C, D (1779). A good male example. Monbuttu, July or August.
23. CyMOTHO# CENIS. Papilio cenis, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. ii. pl. 19. figs. 1, 2 (1779). Kangasi, 13th November, 1883 ; Monbuttu, July and August.
24. EURYPHENE PLISTONAX.
Euryphene plistonax, Hewitson, Ex. Butt. v. Zur. pl. 9. figs. 38, 39 (1871).
©. Kangasi, 11th August, 1883.
Originally received from Angola.
25. EupHZDRA ELEUS.
Papilio eleus, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. iii. pl. 12. figs. 1, 2 (1782).
@. Kangasi, 24th July, 1883.
26. ATERICA CUPAVIA.
Papilio cupavia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 183. E, F (1780). ¢. Foéda, 3rd November, 1885.
27. ATERICA VERONICA, var. Papilio veronica, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 325. C, D (1782). 3. Stazione Bauri, September 1883.
The single example obtained is of a rich rufous-chocolate colour below, but does not differ in markings from the typical form.
28. HAMANUMIDA DEDALUS. Papilio dedalus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 482. n. 174 (1775). Stazione Bauri, September 1883 ; Fdda, 22nd, 23rd, 26th, 28th,
and 31st October, and 25th November, 1885 ; Wadelai, 16th January, 1887 ; Monbuttu in July or August.
62 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
29. JUNONIA WESTERMANNI.
Junonia westermanni, Westwood, Ent. Month. Mag. vi. p. 278 (1870). 3. Monbuttu, July or August.
30. JUNONIA CLELIA. Papilio clelia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pl. 21. E, F (1775). 3 2. Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Féda, 20th November,
1885 ; Monbuttu in July and August; Wadelai, 11th, 13th, 20th, 27th, and 31st January, 1887.
31. JUNONIA CEBRENE. Junonia cebrene, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1870, p. 353.
3. Monbuttu; 3g 2. Wadelai, 27th January, 5th February, 1887.
32. JUNONIA BOOPIS.
Junonia bodpis, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1879, p. 331.
do. Stazione Bauri, September; 92. Kangasi, 18th November, 1883; Monbuttu.
Mr. Trimen appears to me to have been unfortunate in defining the distinctive characters between this form and J. orithyia; so far as I can judge, he must have had either the Malayan J. wallacei or the Javan J. ocyale before him when making his comparison. The width of the subapical bar on the primaries is very variable ; indeed it varies quite one third in the three examples above enumerated: the adjacent yellow markings also vary not a little; the black streak intersecting the lower part of the bar between the two ocelli is want- ing in J. wallacei, slightly indicated in J. ocyale and J. orithyia, rather stronger in the Indian J. swinhoei, still stronger in the Aus- tralian J. albicincta, strongest in J. here and J. bodpis, but it is not absolutely constant ; the blue of the hind wings is slightly more re- stricted than in any of the other forms, and thisis, I think, a reliable character, but the tint is variable im all the forms, and therefore is valueless as a distinctive character ; the colour of the white spots is also untrustworthy, but the border of the secondaries in all our specimens is greyish, especially in male examples, hardly a trace of white appearing between the black lines in specimens of this sex ; indeed, the hind marginal strie hardly merit the term “ whitish ” used in Mr. Trimen’s description. The example figured on his plate seems unusually large for a male, and the form of its primaries is that of a female; but for Mr. Trimen’s declaration that it is a male, I should have suspected it to be hermaphrodite. The colouring of the under surface in typical J. orithyia, from China, is browner (more argillaceous, in fact) than in any of the allied forms. I would therefore define J. bodpis as differing from J. orithyia in the four following characters :—
1. Subapical white bar of primaries, always in the male aad
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 63
generally in the female, crossed by black veins as in J. here and J. albicincta.
2. Blue area of secondaries in the male more restricted towards the costal margin.
3. Hind marginal pale striz in the male grey instead of pure white or bone-white.
4. Under-surface coloration decidedly paler, almost as pale as in J. here and J. swinhoei.
I have made the above observations because I believe J. Lodpis to be a good species, and because I feel satisfied that in the present instance my usually most reliable friend has failed, from want of sufficient material, to indicate its real distinctive characters.
33. JUNONIA INFRACTA, Sp. 0.
Allied to J. sophia; the males of the same colours, only slightly redder above ; the female before me white instead of fulvous; the yellow belt immediately beyond the basal area of primaries unbroken, forming a regular curved band, divided by the nervures; in the female the basal area is black ; on the under surface the black-edged brown oblique band halfway between the cell and apex of primaries is considerably narrower than in J. sophia; and the angular band, which in that species runs from the inferior angle of the cell to the external angle (partly bounding the whitish postmedian patch), is absent ; in other respects the two species are almost identical. Ex- panse of wings, ¢ 45 millim., Q 50 millim.
3. Tobbo, 22nd May, Védada, 16th June, 1883. ©. Forests of Tiveta, Kilima-njaro, March 1885 (Bishop Hannington).
Speaking of the white variety of the male of J. sophia, which looks like a small Panopea lueretia, Mr. Trimen calls attention to the fact that whilst M. Oberthiir mentions it, “he does not say whether the variety in question obtains in the female as well as in the male.” The only female of the allied J. infracta in our pos- session being black and white, it is highly probable that a similar form of the female occurs in J. sophia; so far as my experience goes, melanism is much commoner in the female than in the male sex.
34. JUNONIA AMESTRIS.
Papilio amestris, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. iii. pl. 20. figs. 3, 4 (1782).
Stazione Gadda, 14th and 16th January, 1884.
Seven examples of this pretty species were obtained, exhibiting very little variation in colouring and none in pattern.
35. JUNONIA CLOANTHA.
Papilio cloantha, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 338. A, B (1782).
Wadelai, 5th and 12th March, 1887.
36. JUNONIA CUAMA.
Junonia cuama, Wewitson, Exot, Butt, iii. Jun. pl. 1. figs. 4, 5 (1864).
Wadelai, 27th January, 1887.
64 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA (Jan. 17,
37. JUNONIA MICROMERA.
Junonia micromera, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. xvii. p. 482 (1876).
3 2. Wadelai, 8th April, 1887.
Originally described from Abyssinian examples.
38. JUNONIA PELARGA.
Papilio pelarga, Fabricius, Syst. Ent, p. 513. n. 296 (1775).
3. Kangasi, 21st November, 1883; 2. Wadelai, 27th January, 1887.
39. JUNONIA GALAMI. Vanessa galami, Boisduval, Faune Ent. de Madag. p. 46 (1833). 3. Kangasi, 20th November, 1883.
40. JUNONIA TEREA. :
Papilio terea, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. ii. pl. 18. figs. 3, 4 (1773).
3. Védada, 16th June; Kangasi, 23rd July; Stazione Bauri, September 1883; 92. Fdéda, 28th October, 1885.
41. JUNONIA CHORIMENE.
Vanessa chorimene, Guérin, Icon. Réegne Anim., Ins. texte, p. 476 (1844).
Q. Féda, 27th October, 1885; ¢ 2. Wadelai, 8th and 9th April, 1887.
42. PROTOGONIOMORPHA ANACARDII. Papilio anacardii, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 236 (1764). 3. Monbuttu, July or August.
43. ATELLA COLUMBINA.
Papilio columbina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 238. A, B (1782). 6. Stazione Gadda, 6th January, 1886.
One headless example.
44. Hypanis ILITHYIA.
Papilio ilithyia, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. i. pl. 17. figs. 1, 2 (1773).
6. Wadelai, 24th January, 1887.
45. HypaNnis GOETZIUS.
Papilio goetzius, Herbst, Natursyst. Schmett. ix. pl. 258. figs. 1-4 (1798).
Q. Fdéda, 20th October, 1885; ¢. Wadelai, 8th April, 1887.
It is difficult to comprehend the reluctance of lepidopterists to recognize the species of this genus; they are better defined than any of the species of Melita, and therefore far more easy to distinguish. The present species is the Western and Eastern form of the more Southern H. acheloia.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 65
46. NEpTIS AGATHA.
Papilio agatha, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 327. A, B (1782).
Gaynese Tambu (Sandel), 15th June; Kangasi, 17th July, 14th and 20th November, 1883; Stazione Gadda, 16th January, 1884; Féda, 22nd, 27th, and 31st October, 3rd, 4th, and 26th November, 1885; Wadelai, 12th and 20th January, and 31st March, 1887.
47. NEPTIS MARPESSA.
Neptis marpessa, Hopffer, in Peters’s Reise n. Mo<samb., Ins. p- 383, pl. xxiv. figs. 9, 10 (1862).
Féda, 20th October, 1883.
The allied V. saclava is intermediate between JN. marpessa and N. nemetes, the figure by Chenu being, however, too inaccurate to show this; the larger spots of primaries are wider and whiter, and united at their opposed angles ; the band across the secondaries is also slightly wider and of a pure white colour. I cannot find any additional markings in N. marpessa such as are described by Hopffer and Trimen, all the white spots in N. murpessa from Natal, Angola, and Abyssinia being represented in the three examples of N. saclava labelled Madagascar in the Hewitson cabinet; the white spots of the zigzag discal series and of the submarginal ‘series are, neverthe- less, more prominent in MN. marpessa.
harms ee
Anmts ne HC
ACRAINE. 48. TELCHINIA BONASIA.
Papilio bonasia, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 464. n. 96 (1775). Kangasi, 17th July, 1883 ; Monbuttu in July and August.
49. TELCHINIA VINIDIA. Acrea vinidia, Hewitson, Ent. Month. Mag. xi. p. 130 (1874) ; Exot. Butt. v. Aer. pl. 7. figs. 45, 46 (1875).
Kangasi, 17th July, 1883; Ladd, 17th August, 1884; Féda, 20th November, 1885; Monbuttu, July and August.
50. TELCHINIA EPONINA.
Papilio eponina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pl. 268. A, B (1782).
Tobbo, 22nd May; Kangasi, 14th, 17th, 20th, and 23rd July, 1883; Fdéda, 17th and 20th Marea 1885; Monbuttu in July
and August ; Wadelai, 12th, 13th, and 20th January; 16th and 29th March, 1887.
51. TELCHINIA LYCIA.
Papilio lycia, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 464. n. 94 (1775).
Ladd, 15th November, 1883, 17th August, 1884; Féda, 3rd and 14th November, 1885.
Var. Resembling T. sganzini, excepting that there is a large dif- fused white patch on the secondaries.
Féda, 23rd October, 1885. a
Proc. Zoor. Soc.— 1888, No. V. 5
66 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
Var. T. SGANZINI.
Acrea sganzini, Boisduval, Faune Madag. p. 34, pl. 6. figs. 6, 7 (1833).
Kangasi, 23rd July, 1883; Ladd, 17th August, 1884; Fdda, 27th and 28th October, 1885; Monbuttu.
Var. Entirely fulvous, without the white subapical band or black apex of 7’. sganzini.
Féda, 27th October and 15th November, 1885.
One of the examples of the typical white form has the primaries suffused with blackish.
52. TELCHINIA CEPHEUS. Papilio cepheus, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 252 (1764).
3 2. Kangasi, 17th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th July, 1883; Monbuttu in July and August.
53. TELCHINIA STENOBEA, var.
Acrea stenobea, Wallengren, Wien. ent. Mon. iv. p. 35. n. 9 (1860).
Wadelai, 9th March and 9th April, 1887.
54. GNESIA MENIPPE.
Papilio menippe, Drury, Ill. Ex. Ent. iii. pl. 13. figs. 3, 4 (1782).
3. Kangasi, 23rd July, 1883; 9. Monbuttu.
55. GNESIA PERENNA.
Acrea perenna, Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. 19. fig. 4 (1848).
3. Kangasi, 24th July, 1883; Moubuttu.
56. GNESIA PSEUDEGINA, Var.
Acrea pseudegina, Westwood in Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 551 (1852).
3. Kangasi, 17th July, 1883; 92. Wadelai, 31st March, 1887.
The two specimens obtained, and especially that taken in July, have the basal three-fifths of primaries suffused with tawny.
57. ACR#A NEOBULE.
Acrea neobule, Doubleday & Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. 19. fig. 3 (1848). ,
3. Kangasi, 23rd July, 1883.
58. ACRZ&A INSIGNIS.
Acrea insignis, Distant, P. Z.S. 1880, p. 184, pl. xix. fig. 6.
do. Kangasi, 28th July, 1883.
59. PLANEMA LYCOA.
Acrea lycoa, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 239. n. 27 (1819). Q. Kangasi, 5th July, 1883.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 67
ERYCINIDSA. 60. ABISARA GERONTES.
Papilio gerontes, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. ii. p. 117. n. 524 (1781). Monbuttu, in July or August.
LYCH NIDS&. 61. TINGRA SANGUINEA.
Pentila acrea, var. sanguinea, Plotz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xli. p. 198 (1880).
Liptena sanguinea, Smith & Kirby, Rhop. Exot. i. p. 2, Lipe. pl. 1. figs. 1-4 (1887).
@. Kangasi, 27th July, 1883.
62. TINGRA ACRAA.
Pentila acrea, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 504. n. 3, pl. 77. fig. 6 (avowedly incorrectly figured as a Liptena) *.
2. Monbuttu, in July or August.
63. TINGRA MYLOTHRINA, Sp. N.
Looks like a small Mylothris, but is allied to T. abraras. White, slightly cpaline and tinted with sulphur-yellow; base of wings orange ; primaries with the base of costa blackish-speckled ; a broad apical patch commencing at external third of costal margin and terminating below third median branch, but continued as a tapering border by two decreasing oval marginal spots, greyish brown; fringe spotted between all the nervures with white ; secondaries with five large and one small marginal brown spots: wings below white, orange at base, primaries with nine marginal spots commencing from the second subcostal branch ; secondaries with six marginal spots. Expanse of wings 39 millim.
Monbuttu.
Only one example of this very distinct species was obtained, its body is somewhat injured, but it appears to be normal in colouring.
64. PENTILA UNDULARIS.
Pentila undularis, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 504. no. 1 (avowed type of the genus Pentila).
Liptena undularis, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. iii. Pent. & Lipt. fig. 7 (1866).
Stazione Bauri, September 1883.
As elsewhere stated, P. undularis was originally named by Bois- duval, entered as Pentila undularis hy Doubleday in his Museum List, and was stated to be the type of the genus by Westwood (who first characterized Pentila). There can be no doubt whatever that
1 To give the lettering of a plate more authority than the text which corrects it seems to me utterly ridiculous; the lettering of a plate may be tampered with by a lithographic writer, and if an author has no power to point out the error, he may be quoted as the originator of the most absurd nonsense-name.
5*
68 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
the characters ascribed to Pentila were formulated from an examina- tion of this species. It follows therefore that to accept Tingra tropicalis of Boisduval (a species unknown to Professor Westwood when he characterized Pentila) as the type of the latter is a proceeding which would render both descriptions of genera and indications of their types utterly valueless.
65. LAacHNOCNEMA D'URBANI.
Lachnocnema d’urbani, Trimen, South Afr. Butt. ii. p. 236. n. 238 (1887).
Védada, 16th June, 1883.
66. PoLYOMMATUS B&TICUS. Papilio beticus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 789, n. 226 (1767). do. Wadelai, 16th January, 1887.
67. CATOCHRYSOPS ASOPUS.
Lycena asopus, Hopfter, Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl. 1855, p. 642. n. 22; Peters’s Reise, Zool. v. p. 410, pl. 26. figs. 13-15 (1862).
Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Wadelai, 20th January, 19th and 27th March, 1887.
68. CaTOCHRYSOPS OSIRIS.
Lycena osiris, Hopffer, Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl. 1855, p. 642. n. 21 ; Peters’s Reise, Zool. v. p. 409, pl. 26. figs. 11, 12 (1862).
¢. Wadelai, 16th January and 3rd April, 1887.
69. CarocuRYsOPs CYCLOPTERIS.
Lampides cyclopteris, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii. p. 483 (1876).
2. Nedada, 16th June; ¢. Tomaja, 6th August, 1883.
Originally described from Abyssinia.
70. TARUCUS PULCHER.
Lycena pulchra, Murray, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 524, pl. 10. figs. 7, 8.
do. Féda, 1st November, 1885.
Seasonal form ?
About a sixth smaller, of a paler (greyish lilac) tint above, the female with more white on upper surface; markings below paler. (3 males and 1 female.)
Wadelai, 27th January, 5th February, and 10th March, 1887.
Though very distinct in general appearance from the typical form, the pattern of the under surface corresponds with that of 7. pulcher, of which I think it is probably the early brood.
71. AZANUS MORIQUA.
Lycena moriqua, Wallengren, Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p. 39. n. 9 (1857).
3 2. Wadelai, 16th and 24th January, 1887.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 69
72. CASTALIUS ISIS.
Papilio isis, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. ii. pl. 3. figs. 4, 5 (1773).
3. Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Monbuttu, July and August.
73. ZIZERA KNYSNA, var.
Lycena knysna, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soe. ser. iii. vol. i. p. 282 (1862).
6. Wadelai, 13th January, 1887.
A worn specimen, differing from the normal type in its greyer coloration, with silvery-blue scaling on the basal three-fourths, but most distinctly towards the base.
74. LyC2ZNESTHES PRINCEPS.
Lycenesthes princeps, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xvili. p. 484 (1876).
2. Tobbo, 22nd May, 1883.
Originally described from Abyssinian examples.
75. HyRrEUS LINGEUS. Papilio lingeus, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 379. F, G (1782). 3. Stazione Bauri, September 1883.
76. Hypotyca&na (TaTurRA) PACHALICA, sp. n.
Allied to H. philippus. Wings above deep rufous-brown, glossed with purple in male examples ; with a black marginal line ; primaries with orange basicostal margin, and with greyish fringe, traversed by a darker central line ; secondaries with the usual black spots bounded by orange lunules above the tails, the anal spot flecked with pale metallic green ; a simple black spot between them, an abbreviated submarginal line, aline at the base of the fringe, the fringe, and tips of the tails white ; body black, the head varied with tawny scales : under surface of wings pale stone-grey ; a short bar at the end of each discoidal cell, a band across the disk, and a submarginal stripe bright reddish orange, edged with black and margined with whitish ; a white submarginal line, separated by an orange line from the black marginal line ; secondaries with an orange subcostal spot at basal third, the discal band elbowed and interrupted at the submedian vein, a short orange marginal band above the abdominal sinus; a dark grey band (also, less strongly indicated, on the primaries) tinted with orange towards costa, between the submarginal and marginal stripes ; preecaudal spots nearly as above, but the anal spot flecked with metallic leaden scales, the intermediate spot wanting: body below white, the legs barred with black. Expanse of wings 23-25 millim.
26 & 19. Wadelai, 29th March, 1887.
A very distinct and pretty little species.
A worn and broken female example of an apparently new Virachola, allied to V. anta, was obtained at Stazione Bauri in September 1883.
70 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17
77. ZERITIS HARPAX, var.
Papilio harpax, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. App. p. 809 (1775).
3 9. Wadelai, 9th April, 1887.
The pair obtained differs from the normal type in its superior size, but does not exhibit any other distinctive character.
78. MyRINA SILENUS. Papilio silenus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 531. n. 378 (1775). @. Wadelai, 16th January, 1887.
PAPILIONIDS.
PIERINE, 79. MyYLOTHRIS CHLORIS. Papilio chloris, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 473. n. 129 (1775).
9°. Kangasi, 13th November, 1883; <¢. Stazione Gadda, 13th and 14th January, 1884; Monbuttu, in July or August.
80. MyLorHRIS CLARISSA, Sp. 0.
. Primaries as in the male of M. chloris, excepting that the apical patch is cut rather more obliqnely on its inner edge, and that the marginal spots are both well-defined; secondaries creamy ochreous, with a broad grey-brown external border, considerably narrower, however, than in M. chloris, and with nearly rectangular inner edge: under surface much like the male of M. chloris, except- ing that the border of secondaries has a nearly rectangular inner edge, and extends further along the costal margin ; the primaries, however, are more widely orange at base, and the subapical area is decidedly yellower. Expanse of wings 66 millim.
Wadelai, 28th March, 1887.
81. MyLorurRis POPPEA.
Papilio poppea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl. 110. D (1779). do. Monbuttu, in July or August. Only one very much shattered male was obtained.
82. NyCHITONA SYLVICOLA.
Leucophasia sylvicola, Boisduval, Faune Ent. de Madag. p. 20 (1833).
Féda, 22nd October, 1885.
83. TERIAS BRIGITTA.
Papilio brigitta, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 331. B, C (1782).
3 9. Wadelai, 11th, 13th, and 20th January, 15th and 16th March, 1887.
1888. | FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 71
84. TERIAS ZOE.
Terias zoe, Hopffer, Ber. Verh. Ak. Berl. 1855, p. 640. n. 5; Peters’s Reise, Zool. v. p. 369, pl. 23. figs. 10, 11 (1862).
go. “Stat. Mundt,” Ist June, 1883.
One fragmentary example only of this species was obtained.
85. TERIAS REGULARIS.
Terias regularis, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii. p- 486 (1876).
Kangasi, 17th July, and October ; Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Féda, 20th, 22nd, 27th, and 28th October, Ist November, 1885; Monbuttu, in July and August.
Originally described from Abyssinian examples.
86. TeRIAS SOLIFERA.
Terias solifera, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xv. p. 396. n. 3 (1875).
3. Tobbo, 21st May, 1883.
The type was from the Congo.
87. TERIAS ORIENTIS, Sp. n.
3. Above gamboge-yellow, primaries with black costal margin ; outer border black-brown, wide at costa, whence it decreases in width to external angle ; in form it somewhat resembles the border of 7’. senegalensis, but it is wider on the costa, and terminates in an acute angle as in 7. dentilimbata ; the secondaries have a narrow sinuated black-brown outer margin, often broken up into a mere marginal series of spots: the under surface is lemon-yellow, the ordinary markings ill-defined or wanting. Expanse of wings 42 millim.
Q. Pale sulphur-yellow, either spotless below or with the ordinary markings badly defined. Expanse of wings 40-45 millim. 9. Tobbo, 2lst May, 1883; gS. Wadelai, 31st March, 1887.
We have ten examples of this species in the Museum series from Upper Egypt, the White Nile, Abyssinia, and the Victoria Nyanza.
88. TERIAS BISINUATA.
Terias bisinuata, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii. p- 485 (1876).
Féda, 2 27th October, ¢ 1st November, 1885.
Originally described from Abyssinia.
89. TERIAS BOISDUVALIANA.
Terias boisduvaliana, Mabille in Grandidier’s Hist. Madag. vol. i. p- 253. n. 5, pl. xxxil. figs. 4, da, & 5.
$. Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Monbuttu in July or August.
Two fine specimens and one less perfect were obtained. The species most nearly resembles 7. brenda of Doubleday, but has a rather wider border to the primaries above; below it is a little
a, MX. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
clearer in colour and the markings are almost wholly obliterated. The figures in M. Grandidier’s work are taken from rather small examples; but this form of Terias is very variable in size, our smallest male example expands 28 millim. and our largest 55 millim.
Var. ? The external border of primaries wider and more quadrate at apex, narrower or obliterated at external angle. LExpanse of wings, ¢ and 2 37 millim.
3. Stazione Bauri, September 1883; 9. Ladd, 20th Angust, 1884.
Now that the text of Monsieur Grandidier’s work has appeared I much regret to find that the serious errors, which I pointed out in my paper on Lepidoptera from Somali-land (P. Z. 8. 1885, pp- 762, 767, 768, 769), have not only uot been corrected, but, on the contrary, have been insisted on. Now, whilst no great blame attaches to a Lepidopterist who accepts the statement of his collector as to the capture of a series of Arabian species in Madagascar, he injures his reputation when he persists in associating as male and female the males of different species, as M. Mabille has done in the case of the males of Charazes antamboulou and C. cowani ; that both are males, the fidelity of the illustrations shows at a glance, apart from the fact that the sexes of both are in the Museum collection : the coloration and pattern of the under surface in these two species differs more than in the sexes of any Charazes known to me; in the true sexes there is no such difference.
90. TERACOLUS AURIGINEUS.
Teracolus aurigineus, Butler, Anu. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xii. p. 103 (1883).
36 @. Wadelai, 16th, 28th, 29th, and 3lst March, and 8th April 1887.
Originally described from the Victoria Nyanza and subsequently received from Kilima-njaro; the examples from the latter locality have the veins of the wings blacker and the black bands across the wings slightly broader than in the type.
91. TERACOLUS PROTOMEDIA. Pontia protomedia, Klug, Symb. Phys. pl. 8. figs. 13, 14 (1829).
3 >. Wadelai, 9th, 16th, 19th, and 31st March, 1887. teats in Upper Egypt, Nubia, Aden, and Somali-land.
92. TERACOLUS PUNICEUS, Sp. n.
3. Allied to 7. hetera, but smaller, the magenta-coloured apical patch triangular, terminating at the third median branch; the blackish border narrower ; a minute black dot at end of cell; the secondaries immaculate: under surface of primaries white with cream-coloured apical patch, of secondaries cream-coloured, crossed beyond the middle from costal to third median branch by an oblique interrupted narrow brown line, beyond which there is a single spot on second median interspace. Expanse of wings 64 millim.
Wadelai, 8th April, 1887.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 73
The female is in the Museum from the Victoria Nyanza, and I formerly supposed it to be that sex of T. hetera; it is somewhat like a large edition of T'. jobina 9, but has a few scales of magenta-red in each of the white spots towards apex of primaries. This species should stand between 7’. eunoma and T’. hetera.
93. TERACOLUS PHLEGYAS.
Anthocharis phlegyas, Butler, P. Z.S. 1865, p. 431. n. 3, pl. 25. figs. 3, 3a.
6. Wadelai, 16th January, 1887.
94. TERACOLUS BACCHUS, Sp. n.
og. Size of T. ione or slightly smaller. Wings above white ; primaries with narrow black costal margin ; the base sprinkled with black scales ; apical area blue-black, with dentate-sinuate inner edge, and crossed by a wide belt of brilliant changeable purple (wider and bluer than in 7. ione) ; the spot at end of cell scarcely visible, reduced to two or three scales; secondaries white, witi blackish veins terminating in minute black spots on the outer margin. Wings below white, the apex of primaries and whole of secondaries very pale sulphur-yellow, crossed by well-defined black veins terminating in small subconfluent black spots on the outer margin; costal margin of primaries black ; a black dot at the end of the cell: secondaries with the basal half of the costal margin yellow ; a black transverse dash from costal to subcostal vein, forming the commence- ment of an ill-defined oblique stripe, indicated by scattered black scales as far as the third median branch. Expanse of wings 57 millim.
Q. White above; the base rather broadly irrorated with blackish scales ; primaries with the costal margin black ; a broad external blackish border crossed by black veins, widest at costa, gradually diminishing in width from costa to first median branch, to which point it is internally dentate-sinuate and traversed by six white spots in av arched series, narrow and internally widely sinuated from first median branch to submedian vein; a black spot at the end of the cell; a transverse blackish spot at external third of interno-median area: secondaries with a marginal series of large subconfluent blackish spots crossed by black veins ; a blackish subapical oblique stripe from costa, connected with the macular border by black veins : body quite normal. Primaries below white, the costa and apical area pale yellow; veins towards outer margin dark brown ; a sub- apical series of angulated brown dashes ; a black spot at the end of the cell ; two small black spots on intervo-median area and three brown triangular spots at end of first median branch, interno-median fold, and submedian vein: secondaries pale yellow, base of costal margin and a spot at the end of the cell bright yellow; veins, an elbowed stripe beyond the middle, and the fringe excepting at the extremity of the internervular folds, dark brown: body below white. Expanse of wings 55 millim.
9. Lado, 20th August, 1884; ¢. Wadelai, 27th January, 1887.
74 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
This species is readily distinguished from all its allies by the well- defined dark-coloured veins on the under surface.
95. TERACOLUS PHENIUS.
3. Teracolus phenius, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii. p. 488 (1876).
3 2. Wadelai, 8th December, 1885; 13th and 16th January, 31st March, and 8th April, 1887.
The female originally described as belonging to this species proves to be the pale form of the female of 7’. anéewpompe; the true female of 7’. phenius is of a pale sulphur-yellow colour and is much less heavily suffused with grey at the base than in 7. anteupompe ; the veins on the apical area are also much less prominent and the disco- cellular spot is smaller; below, the wings are also sulphur-yellow, the primaries only being crossed by an oblique white belt ; the veins towards the outer margin are black, widening towards outer margin in the characteristic manner noticeable in the male.
It is always a mistake to conclude too hastily that Indian and African species are identical; now that the sexes of this species are finally determined, it becomes evident that Col. Swinhoe’s decision as to the identity of 7. phenius with T. dirus of Sind is incorrect. The female, which I at first supposed to be that sex of 7. phenius, does indeed bear a considerable superficial resemblance to some of the pale females of 7. dirus, just as the many pale females of Colias greatly resemble one another; but when we compare the two red- tipped females of 7. anteupompe and dirus, we see at a glance that they are utterly distinct :—the former has two-fifths of the wing red, crossed by black veins and interrupted by an angular series of small black spots ; the latter has the red area much more confined, usually only forming an oblique band, but occasionally extending a short distance beyond the black macular bar; the outer margin is also heavily bordered with black.
96. TERACOLUS PSEUDACASTE.
Teracolus pseudacaste, Butler, P.Z.S. 1876, p. 156. n. 103, pl. 6. fig. 11.
6. Wadelai, 16th January and 9th March, 1887.
97. TERACOLUS ANTEVIPPE.
Anthocharis antevippe, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. Lép. i. p. 572. n. 18, pl. 18. fig. 3 (1836). 3. Wadelai, 19th March, 1887.
98. TERACOLUS HELLE. Teracolus helle, Butler, P. Z.S. 1876, p. 149. n. 75. Q@. Foéda, 5th November, 1885 ; ¢. Wadelai, 31st March, 1887.
99, TERACOLUS EIONE. Anthocharis eione, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. Lép. i. p. 578. n. 29 (1836). 2. Wadelai, 31st March, 1887.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 75
100. TERACOLUS EVARNE.
Pontia evarne, Klug, Symb. Phys. pl. 6. figs. 1-4 (1829).
3. Wadelai, 13th January ; 2. 28th March, 1887.
There are evidently large and small forms of this species, as in the allied 7’. phillipsii from Somali-land : hitherto we have received male examples equal in size to that figured by Klug ; the male now received is much smaller and has lost the marginal spots on secondaries; on the other hand, the female figured by Klug is small and evidently belongs to our small male, whilst the female just received is large and heavily marked and belongs to Klug’s male. It is probable that the small type is the winter form of the species; but, after all, conjectures are valueless in these questions.
101. CaTopsILIA PYRENE.
Colias pyrene, Swainson, Zool. Ill. i. pl. 51 (1820-1821).
$ Q. Kangasi, 17th, 20th, 23rd, 24th, and 27th July, 2nd October; Stazione Bauri, September 1883; Stazione Gadda, 17th, 26th, 27th, and 28th January, 10th February and 6th June; Lado, 20th August, 1884 ; Féda, 27th October, 1885 ; Monbuttu in July and August ; Wadelai, 9th March, 1887.
102. GLUTOPHRISSA CONTRACTA, Sp. n.
Intermediate in some respects between G. saba of West Africa and G. malatha of Madagascar. The male differs from both species in the slightly narrower black border to the primaries above, the creamy colour of the apical area and secondaries, and total absence of all black spots on the under surface ; the female differs from both in having the white belt of primaries above contracted to a narrow oblique spot at the end of the cell, though from the median vein to the inner margin it remains as wide as usual ; on the under surface the yellow colour at the base is duller and more saffron- tinted ; the apex is as white as in the Madagascar form. Expanse of wings, ¢ 56-58 millim., 2 49-58 millim.
Wadelai, ¢ 13th, 16th, 20th, and 27th January ; 2 19th March; 3 @ 8th April, 1887.
Nine examples were obtained; the male most nearly resembles M. Mabille’s figure of G. epaphia g,a form which I have never seen from Madagascar. The true G. epaphia is the Pieris matuta of Doubleday and is the male of G. saba. The male of G. malatha (the Madagascar form) has similar black spots below, but is yellower in tint ; it does not agree with M. Mabille’s narrow-bordered males.
103. PINACOPTERYX PIGEA.
Pieris pigea, Boisduval, Sp. Gén. Lép. i. p. 523, n. 134 (1836).
3 9. Féda, 20th October and 25th November, 1885.
The female is a singularly beautiful example, the whole of the ground-colour being of a bright sulphur-yellow.
76 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA {Jan. 17,
104. PrnacorprERYX ORTYGNA.
Pieris ortygna, Hiibner, Zutr. exot. Schmett. figs. 985, 986 (1832).
o. Féda, 23rd, 28th, and 31st October; 20th and 23rd November, 1885.
The female of this species is unknown to me, but there is no doubt that it somewhat resembles the female of Ganoris rape. Mr. Doubleday identified this species with the Pieris orbona of Boisduval’s ‘ Lepidoptera of Madagascar,’ and thus led me into error: the latter is a Glutophrissa.
105. PurisSURA SYLVIA, var.
Papilio sylvia, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 470. n. 115 (1775).
3. Kangasi, 20th November, 1883; Stazione Gadda, 3lst January, 1884; Monbuttu in July and August.
106. BELENOIS INSTABILIS, sp. 0.
A very variable species, allied to B. calypso; much smaller. The male above milk-white ; primaries with narrow costal margin black excepting at base where it is grey; a black wedge-shaped costal dash extending in a thin line along the upper discocellular veinlet ; a large black spot on the lower discocellular ; apical area and external border black, wider than in B. ca/ypso, but with the same white spots upon it: secondaries with a minute: black dash on the lower discocellular; an arched series of black spots, the first three in an oblique subapical series, the last three submarginal, connected by a grey nebulous streak ; a marginal series of six large triangular black spots, united externally by a black marginal line ; body normal. Primaries below nearly as in B. calypso, but the subapical angulated black band more regular, not so much broken up, an additional blackish spot on the first median interspace; the apical area creamy white divided by black veins, which are less widely black-bordered than in B. calypso: secondaries sulphur- yellow, with brown veins terminating in triangular marginal spots ; a dark brown spot at the end of the cell and seven submarginal spots: body below white. Expanse of wings 64 millim.
@. Darker than the darkest females of B. calypso; resembling, in fact, the female of B. clytie, but without the subapical white spots, with the basal area heavily suffused with grey, and with the oblique bar at the end of the discoidal cell of primaries imperfectly separated from the broad blackish external area: on the under surface it differs from the darkest females of B. calypso in having the macular subapical band of the primaries widened into a broad black belt, almost touching the oblique discocellular bar, the lower submarginal spots small and the basal area yellower ; the secondaries with the veins blackened from the middle outwards, the submarginal black spots united into a blackish belt, and the last five yellow marginal spots rounded and smaller. Expanse of wings 58 millim.
3 2. Foda, 23rd, 27th, and 28th October; 17th and 26th November, 1885.
1888. ] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 77
Var. a. &. Slightly smaller, the black cuneiform costal dash of primaries replaced by an oblique black line ; all the black markings more sharply defined ; the white apical dashes narrower, the black spots of the subapical and submarginal series of secondaries smaller ; below the oblique black dash at end of cell of primaries interrupted, the apical area of primaries and ground-colour of secondaries clear sulphur-yellow ; the veins less distinctly black, the costa, two abdominal streaks, and the pale spots of the external border saffron- yellow. Expanse of wings 55 millim.
@. Above with the black external area much narrower (about one half the width of the typical form), but the veins blackened from the middle ; the black spots better defined, owing to their not being obscured by the wide border ; the basal area also less suffused with blackish. Primaries below with narrower discocellular bar and discal belt ; the veins towards apex and on secondaries less broadly black-bordered: secondaries chrome-yellow, the submarginal spots smaller and only connected by grey scales ; the marginal spots of the ground-colour shaped more nearly as in B. calypso. Expanse of wings 55 millim.
Q. Féda, 20th October, 1885; 3. Wadelai, 29th March, 1887.
Var 6. o. Above with the black markiugs less strongly defined, the oblique discocellular line of primaries sometimes obliterated ; the apical area of primaries and the ground-colour of secondaries creamy whitish, the saffron-coloured markings replaced by pale yellow; the veins only blackened at their outer extremities. Expanse of wings 57 millim.
@. Above white, not obscured at the base ; black markings nearly as in B. calypso Q, but with grey-bordered white dashes on the apical area of primaries, and the marginal spots of secondaries obscured with grey towards anal angle: apical area of primaries below creamy white, the veins across it very slenderly black; the subapical black belt narrow; secondaries slightly pearly, the black spots small, the other characters as in the male. Expanse of wings 56 millim.
¢. Kangasi, 18th November, 1883; ¢ 2. Wadelai, 16th January, 1887.
Apart from all less constant characters, the whole of the varieties of this species can be at once distinguished from B. calypso by the six subapical and submarginal black spots on the upper surface of the secondaries, which are perfectly defined in both sexes, by the regular and unbroken character of the subapical bar or belt on the under surface of the primaries, aud by the more or less developed black borders to the veins on the under surface of the secondaries.
107. BeLEeNotrs CALyerso, var. ?
Papilio calypso, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ent. ii. pl. 17. figs. 3, 4 (1773).
3. Kangasi, 24th March, 1883.
One injured male only was obtained: we have a similar male from the Congo. It differs from typical B. calypso in the white
78 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON LEPIDOPTERA [Jan. 17,
under surface of the secondaries, the costal border and an interno- median streak from the base only being saffron-yellow. Though this may perhaps be a distinct species, there is not at present sufficient material to warrant its separation on mere colour-characters apart from marking.
108. BELENOIS DENTIGERA, Sp. n.
3. Belongs to the B. calypso group; above white: the primaries with blackish costal edge; the subcostal furea widely blackish- bordered ; five other blackish triangular marginal spots in a de- creasing series ; three widely separated greyish dots in an angular subapical series ; secondaries with four small black marginal spots; thorax greyish, abdomen white. Wings below white; primaries with black costal edge, a black dot on the lower discocellular veinlet ; five unequal black spots in an angular subapical series; seven black marginal spots at the extremities of the veins: secondaries very faintly rose-tinted ; costal border orange on basal and apical thirds ; an ill-defined orange basi-abdominal streak ; a black dot at end of cell ; a submarginal series of seven unequal black spots and a mar- ginal series of six. Expanse of wings 60 millim.
Stazione Gadda, 10th February, 1884.
Only one male of this very distinct species was obtained ; it comes nearest to an unnamed male in the Museum collection from Angola.
109. BELENOIS GIDICA. Pieris gidica, Godart, Ene. Méth. ix. p. 131. n. 37 (1819). dg. Féda, lst November, 1885; 2. Wadelai, 31st March, 1887.
110. BELENOIS SEVERINA. Papilio severina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 338. G, H (1782).
111. BELENOIS INFIDA, sp. n.
do. Above like B. severina, excepting that it is a little smaller, and has a distinct black bar, commencing with a cuneiform black costal spot, at the end of the discoidal cell of primaries ; the border of secondaries narrower and interrupted by larger white spots. Below, the costal border of primaries is not yellowish, the ground- colour of the apical area is considerably browner, this border narrows abruptly from the second, instead of remaining wide to the first median branch ; the secondaries have a whitish abdominal border and all the veins and the outer border are widely rufous-brown, the latter interrupted by the usual yellow spots. Expanse of wings 46 millim.
Q. Extremely variable, the primaries either pinky white or chrome-yellow with a black external border occupying from one third to more than half the wing; a broad oblique black bar across the end of the cell, connected by black veins with the outer border, or, in some examples, perfectly lost in it, a small costal spot of the ground-colour alone remaining to show the point of union; three,
1888.] FROM EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 79
two, or no subapical spots of the ground-colour, when three are present they form an oblique series ; secondaries sulphur- or chrome- yellow, the external black border broad, sometimes like that of ‘B. severina, excepting that it is connected with a discocellular triangular spot by black veins (median and radial), but more frequently occupying half the wing, so as entirely to obliterate the subapical costal spots; fringe spotted with white. Below always yellower than in B. severina, the primaries with broad black oblique bar at the end of the cell, either connected by black veins or confluent with a more or less broad external border as above, this border, however, never stops short at first median branch as in B. severina, but is continued to the inner margin; the secondaries below always have a wider external border than in B. severina, frequently almost extending to the cell, and the veins are all widely bordered with brown. Expanse of wings 50-51 millim.
gd. Wadelai, 16th January; 2. 28th, 29th and 31st March; 8th and 9th April, 1887.
Of this well-marked species thirteen examples were collected ; unfortunately, twelve of these are females, and therefore it is impos- sible to say whether the extraordinary variability in the width of the black border extends to the male sex; of the females no two specimens are quite alike.
This is what I understand by a variable species; many Lepi- dopterists confound the idea of a variety or sport with that of a fixed local form (which I regard as the only species in Lepidoptera), and this leads them into such a perplexed condition of mind that they have some difficulty in deciding as to whether