ere *;) are camte® ate bees tate ase erg pres @eoeee , - gare ehesreeprarersert vies er ete eerie ser sant Be as Ek ce we se everseerh a Ft Oo e 3 Roe “4 a ® 3) Family and species. ola iat fe ee Family and species. Wey ee aes fs (LP el =A s of ; Oo | pl nA = on o SP Pi bet Sia ees ia Sal“ | 318] s Wales eS ls. | Sd ale | S| 8] 2 A lina l/o;A]< G&G |janlo|a|< HEPTATREMIDZ: | SALMONIDZ—Continued. | Polistotrema, dear 2.5.22 ae Io God fener es eee ae Stenodus mackenziv eee 3 ee lee x PETROMYZONIDZ: , | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha........--- SCLC MES OS Entosphenus tridentatus........----|---- | aT A] Ketase3 ee Gal We, al ss Sed Pos Laniperra aureae 23265222. aes ee eee $1524 DS ar aa tschawytscha..-..-.-..- Ke OX OK Laan ho SQUALIDZE: | dG S|TE 6) ¢ Pepeaes age bye os KS Nei Sqiiaius: sucklis. 522 es. 222 eee Sarl MOXGO eone ae eee Nevin): - she lee ese Slee entioc DALATIIDZE: | | Salmo elagigh.<. 322. ee Dre ane eee, ee Somniosus microcephalus.-..-..------ BRR Sas Oe ead ee Sa TAIneT es eee eee | EH exer he ee ee SQUATINIDE: | iidelins, 21S = Bore KLAR feeett Squatina squatina-s=.= - 3. {2222 2-2-2 es Wy, Sil (epg eee bese Cristivomer namaycush..--.-----.-.--- Slee eaten x RAJIDZ: | Salvelintis malma..:.222..4..222-.22 pao ea a Raja pinectila tas: 22 = ee ee Soll) DK eK as a SAE AT TD A | parmiiierar 55 ao. apes eee Ee SS eS gas <7 ee Thymallis sienifer:> 4-23) 299s es 2) Se2 epee es Sliex MIGUTICH SS 3 emcee alee ee eae x | X |.... || ARGENTINIDZE: | | | trchers 6 oe ee ee 5 oo epee et ae Matloiis willosus occ? et sae ee We ee A ie aby ssicola Ao else eee ee Tee Diab te a |e MENS oi ee Thaleich thys pachicus = = see nee Hapa eee | | col Ni CHIMZRIDZ: | Osmerus thaleichthys........-.----- | 2] ae el | eee Hydrolagus coliei: 2s oe 1 PKGn et) Ste yee Nees dentexus ss5 wig sae Reais al io Saal hi ACIPENSERIDZ: albatrossisy 022%. - sisesc s2leees bie: fe wo, ey Peta Acipenser medirostris....-....------- 6 a) SPORE Fie 2d pai SR | Hy pomesus pretiosiss5-—s5-- 222-255 Ke LOX Xa eet CATOSTOMIDZ: OliGiis Hs5. see eee Pecic eee x Catostomus catostomus so 3 a2 5 ee) ee eee Ge Val ae Leuroglossus stilbius.--...---------=}---- ake, ORS Sines SYNAPHOBRANCHIDZ: | MICROSTOMIDZ: - | Histiobranchus bathybius.......-...'..-- Peis eae S42, SBathylaeds borealis: asec 22 eee tae er eee alta NEMICHTHYIDZE: | | MYCTOPHIDZ: ! | Avocetiina eilt: 2.2.5. - = eee ee Silanes Sle eae Lampanyctus semmifer....2..2-. 222! pt ae bE oe ween CLUPEIDZ: : Nannobrachium leucopsarum....... ---- ee @ eae as Chipen pallasit: »-226.... 22-8 eeneose pe abe, Ue, Ne Fee | ngunoehses.. ostee Wie fe Vie ae a | ae Alosa sapidissima ...2----22 pee ee b /aien Naan 9) co Gah wae a IN Diagphusithetas 2 235 Fess ee eae toes Pastels ase eee ae SALMONIDZE: | | / CHAULIODONTIDE: Coregonus Kermicottt. 2.25 252sse825--|- <2 Heese eae 1X ex Cyclothone microdon.:- 22222205202 |s2-2 See See (ee eee quadrilateralis —. 2a32 Wee | soles = x |. Chauliodus:macowmnl .-.22-.52-5-2e22 Hal ints EF ep Ga eee dir St Relsoni. 2 eee eee eee ee |....| X | X || PLAGYODONTIDA: : Argyrosomus pusillus 2 - 53252532 22s)s0- ee eee x1 || Plagyodus zesculapius. .....-.-------|.--- Loe alos IRAIT ETS 2 2 See ee Fe ihe he DOLCAIIS 22 - sae ee eee ya a4 lncidus. .°s:) Seas eee |....|-..-|----| X. |) NOTACANTHID ze: | HMASCUNUS). 2 be Se eee aia aie. (ae Macdonaldia challengeri........-..-.-l.--- eee xX see THE FISHES OF ALASKA, e “4 ? ; SR e 3 g : : do :/4181o0] 8 Family and species. mo|/ 2/41/2106 pO| a oes Mb a t agee eel (e181 8 ayee) ® = le la lola < DALLIID2Z: Maia PSCLOLalise. 5-6) 22 -j- see ss BSS cineca ees x ESOCIDE: IDS lip OUR SES AS ee cer! Peete se alee x GASTEROSTEIDZ: Pygosteus pungitius.............--- nll eo ca oc [ee Gasterosteus cataphractus.....-..-- SS, eae Sal lesa Siac AULORHYNCHID2E: ; Aulorhynchus flavidus.............- hat KX SYNGNATHID2: Siphostoma griseolineatum.-.....-.- le xeall o< AMMODYTIDZ: Ammodytes personatus..........--- ea Xa ox : BERYCID2E: Pleetromuswusubris. 255... 6Ks.: Bas | Catia Se ce sé CLISHICe PSAs ce eee See x i oa ZAPRORIDZE: AAPLOCH, SMOMUS So ese ee yee Xx 4 EMBIOTOCIDE: Cymatogaster aggregatus........-.- alll oN ‘ Meeniotoea lateralis... 3.2.2.2... x lee Damalichthys argyrosomus......--- Scales < SCORPENIDZ: Sebastolobus alasecanus.............|-.-.- SGA Sue eee ULGIVGMIS® fo. 22S aes BEEP eal eee Deane Sebastodes paucispinis...........--- Sa SS Bese ea lee melaMOpS senses ess Jes e- =: SCH CRS GOI a al ee ae CHUAGUSIG= 5 Roan cian eo eee aene| Sok Ne HASee ee TMLYSLUMUSeys eee ee Se cualls Gniecee eee SamicOlars 5.53 5c ae SW a eo ee SWabIo ys atte oA eee if oyai| Ie set see GiplOprOd==e sass eee NG Weeden wee wee é introniger., 2 hss! ee YET Gl eS i ea iBaee FUDerNIMUSE oe eee SCG art Neewtees een dh FOSHCOUS Es eee cease SG eal | tees | Sean Nee E TUDESUNISate sos eee cee x< |] SK : CUT hoes = AN San ale pera SCR ae ee ae CAUMIMUSS 3555 sho caus oll cam Ue fe el | fe SULOSUSe. Seis seat ee eee ots te ay Ae eed |e Para CORNGTUSHS 4: .-5 Botte c heel sdlacenleem sis eh ie HlCUTICUSek sas 224-8 eee ce SEU TES aa ened alle AGONIDZE: Hypsagonus quadricornis..........- a Oe cal Sas Occa dodecaedronlys cee ae eae e ees Neos eee fered we oll eta IPallasinarpanbabale oes cee ence acne | Gael ves <> Gan ee £715 ee Sree ey gt RI UD ce cee 66 lh ele Ss Sle Podothecus acipenserinus.......---- SCH Xe oO Averruncus emmelane........-.....- Ge a Sato. sl ae Sannivor tema GUS ase sae see. See oe [ceed pean Oca | tid lepbroriynehnwsnes-seseh ese Sees ae OE Bathyagonus nigripinnis.........-.. val ce haul atl Xenochirus pentacanthus........-.- a WO hon Pee bea) DIASCAMMS Se Scoot ee (eee ee le cal law ibSh eri 70) dks Pees ee ee ea SIN sell ee ree ee Odontopyxis trispinosus.......-.--- Meh ae eee ler, ce Aspidophoroides guntheri......-.-.- eg e ae e e Bo | me bamtkOMi esas a2 se Wee | aI an Halevi caUGSI hte eh Se 3 Sree li Geel anh cat ee CYCLOPTERIDZE: HEumicrotremus orbis..........-..-.- SOU eel tom os MS UHNOGIEMUUS MNCUS) 22 ane ee eles lan ae 26 Cyclopteroides gyrinops......-------|.--- ee ee Cyclopterichthys ventricosus....-.-..|.-.- ie WOR Oe LIPARIDIDZ: INGCOlipPanis) MtOLIe Sse. eee ses ce] e)|S =~ brea’ | se Me Colimouui te ee ee colon] KL ee MIPMMISi@yClOPUS as wee ecco. aon arora |i ~ a] ara Ke TICENISIS aieeeteayee eee ce eee = He Dr ee | eee | et CVERICISIVAN SA ee ere! Pen fe alex MOTNCHEMMNIS ho. 2 oes, ooo e ee eee ooleete Eee ahi < CVCIOSHEMA= = Sess. selon an oaialotes Teg) Sark (PP ese AMS legate os oo oa [ee leseot Seb SS Crystallichthys mirabilis.........-..|---- (eA 83 x Ca TOOTOCHUSISIMIUS sat isco << 5s sae HES eee ie Si 8 COlleGhie oe 36 << ce eee fee sl eee pa eae a DEANS. os. 1.35 oe cage ae [es ~ 994 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Ee oe eee Bee = we = = & | ; | < |.fisi4iai-s “21 3|& | 3 E = vw} 2 ~ > n Sioe - 5 x Sa Osis | Sia Ss) C e o_-| 44 ai2i{o Family and species. oe (eat Family and species. mo| 2/4)/2)0 sO} So) Be le pola “| | 9 Soe) - | & E13 a} ee = & 3 SA & o|2 a solagits|2]| 4 S&S |nmI!o}R < an mio | Aid en " Pa ee ee een ee } ; Liparipip£—Continued. | ZoaRcID=—Continued. Careproctus spectrum... .------------777)7777 pe Pees (eed | Lyeodes brevipes -- ----------------- x Laem) xX - Gakenbaih. 6. 252 5-5-2522 A ae Seas Lycodalepis tumneri - - -.-------------|-<5- ey eee a patened 2 2.622222 263s xX |.._. || Fureimanus diaptera---------------- SCN See ue = Prognurus cypselurus...------------)5077)0777)/0777 ee eee Bothrocara pusilla..-.-.-------------- lhe he | wale a ee Gyrinichthys minytremus-..-------- BN (Bois ino ag eS mollis. 6202-22 othe eee |. <2 ip ed eae Paraliparis holomelas--------------- x |x|xX| xX |---- |] Gymmelis Wridis 2s ee Sas Eee rxixlx cephalus... 2! -----252244o ee x ca SHENHA <-35=-—2-55295-- == EE oe =) so Kp wlochit . |; 0222-5 easing eee ae alte Melanostigma pammelas. --.-------- es Be ee eS. Rhinoliparis barbulifer------------------ 7777 x |... || LYCODAPODID2: ; BATHYMASTERIDE: || Lycodapus fierasfer-.--------------- 1 SS eee) aes Bathymaster signatus. ------------- eer Oa Ol Ue Ge Sa era parviceps..-------------- Ma Reet) 2 LN 5 a rs Ronquilus jordani------------------- > de Se eg A eee extensuS..-------+------- bosee eee ieee K ieses TRICHODONITID2E: : | MERLUCCID2: | Trichodon trichodon- --------------- .. X |X| X |---- || . Merluceius productus. .-------------- i>, @e ener eek Somes Cae Arctoscopus japonicus. .--------------7" -7"" > eee ee || GADIDE: ae BATRACHOIDIE: || Boreogadus saida...---------------- oot eH EN Porichthys notatus. .--------------- sal Dare Mase 5 as Wega Theragra chaleogramma..----------- io ae es 22 at ae GOBIESOCIDE: facensises 250+ 22 -22-=—=== pape wae a) ees) 2 bane Caularchus mzeandricus- ------------ SCANS Seah Chee tae Eleginus navaga: -------------------- ae GB. a ee, eS BLENNIDZE: Microgadus proximus. -------------- rx|x|xXj|Xi/-- Bryostemma polyactocephalus - -- -- ye a Gl |e ek eed | Gadus macrocephalus.- -------------- bE ae ee Apodichthys favidus.25.2 2 22--2=---— G4, hci eg aes ee ae | Antimora microlepis- -- -- -----------}----|---- cast epee Pholis dolichogaster- ------------------7\777" Se ae Lota-maenlosa: . 25-2. <= 222> 2° Soe PREY Sa So 5 2 Ra een ee Se So Xx | XK i... |) MACROURID2: Bee ae) ae piso eck eee oa ee Sen pace | Albatrossia pectoralis- ..------------ geen Se a3 bea dha Santbes Mears OMmaAHIS =. =-<2.--- = -==--=--= SP Oe tae = Bogoslovius clarki..--.-------------- (RS Bot Raed 2! Anoplarchus atropurpureus- -------- dl Yass feo fee eee | firmisquamis. ----------|---- poee Bed oe EE Xiphistes chirus. -.------------------ yey ye as Be eee | Chalinura serrula-.------------------ aie oh Cc ee, ec Xiphidion mucosum ....------------- Se yo eee se l Macrourus acrolepis. .--------------- ees ees Rees PNG) eee rupestre-..-------------+-j---- es Ses tees Bre | cinereuS ----------------- b ice De Le peas Opisthocentrus ocellatus..-----------79-)777 X |_... || PLEURONECTID2: res ey t Leptoclinus maculatus. .---------------- rx] x tL. || Atheresthes stomias--..------------- | X | xX | X | X |[---- Poroclinus rothrocki-. -------------------|"y- Dn hap: Gal seg) | Hippoglossus hippoglossus.- --------- eee eae ee oe oo Lumpenus medius. -..--------------35- Fa be eee, Care || Lyopsetta exilis...-.---------------- eo tay bee ene a anguillaris. -------------- 7a Va bis aa Os eee | Eopsetta jordani-.----.------------- Be os ees Bae Sere sitadicnyt. fies 2 ae ee a eee | Hippoglossoides elassodon: --------- ee i a ie, tee ee Sahriel es kos eee ea | kee Psettichthys melanostictus. -------- pag Nae eee, ee longirostris...--------------- Se | ok: tose || Parophrys VELiUs oo ec see eee ES) bee Oy = a are Stichzeus punctatus. -------------------- SEN fee gel (oO GaN fc ec) Inopsetta ischyTa- ------------------ LX Jose] XK f--=-]a2=5 CRYPTACANTHODIDE: ) | Tsopsetta isolepis---.---------------- Ea OE ae ee | eB Delolepis virgatus. --.--------------- Soha Ul Creat | Lepidopsetta bilineata-------------- vile Ox 1 oS oo Lyconectes aleutensis...------------)--7-}----)-77- |X 121 |] Limanda aspera. ..---------------77- PRE WET, ag eS ae ANARHICHADIDE: | proboscidea - --------------|---- fivtel (eae Mule see Anarhichas lepturus. ---------------|----|7-7" bed % |... || Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. ---|----)---- 54a) Bey a Uae PTILICHTHYIDZ: { Liopsetta glacialis-----.------------- Bete RE aN ae eS Ptilichthys goodei -.-----------------|---- 3 OS || Platichthys stellatus..-------------- ee en ea) ol ZOARCIDE: | Microstomus pacificus. -------------- ae i eal I> 8 > Ge SAE Lyciscus crotalinus. -----------------\-73-)" yy" ae) heen Be | Glyptocephalus ZaCMiTUS..- -------=-- LO XL alee= = Lycodopsis pacificus. --------------- eae) > a Ge Bet ee | Citharichthys sordidus- .------------- WSS) PARE Pip el FD? |" Lycodes concolor-.-.--------------- peed Bee Eee ex cteeee stigmeeus. ------------ Bee eee a eee ese aes digitatus-.-..------------;-|---- pRioc ab coats fe | eee oe palearis...---------------"-|-<:- | ra ESS Eo ae| Pipa u 60 2 eee 119 1134 149 189 | 36 jordani.....-------------- a Pe ee Eee =e | | barat | i | | | ) ee ‘ cae oe RL cos ce Wer ages THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 995 Family 1; HEPTATREMIDA. The Borers, or Hagfishes. 1. Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head to first gill-opening 6.5 in total length; depth 13.6; tail 7; branchial distance 7.3; gill-open- ings 11 or 12; teeth 11 + 11 and 10 + 10; base of tongue under third gill-opening. Body long and slender, little compressed; head somewhat depressed; nostril broad, slit-like, termi- nal; mouth a longitudinal slit with wrinkled edges; 8 barbels, 4 above and 4 below; apparently no ante- rior rudimentary gill-slits. Fin-fold well pronounced on ventral surface of body, gradually disappear- ing in front of middle of length; caudal rounded, showing ray-like marks. Color purplish-blue or that of the Santa Clara prune, becoming blacker in alcohol, and uniform over the whole body; ventral fold or anal fin not bordered by white; no white border about gill-openings. This species differs from Polistotrema stouti in a number of important respects, chief of which are the much shorter head (6.5 instead of 4.5 in body), the longer tail (7 instead of 8), the more numerous Fig. 1.—Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. teeth, and the color. In P. stouti the ground color of fresh specimens was brown plus a little pink, which changes to a bluish tint in preserved specimens; ventral fold or anal fin bordered by white, which oiten encircles the caudal fin; gill-openings bordered by white ring; old examples often mottled or blotched about the head with white; a few specimens had in addition 1 or 2 black blotches on the side of the body. In the following table are given certain comparative measurements of 97 examples of P. stowti,4 and corresponding measurements of our 4 specimens of P. deani. All measurements, etc., were taken from the right side of fresh hags that had just died. The specimens were laid flat on a board, but none was stretched. In two of the specimens of P. deani the left side was used, as being more satisfactory. All measurements are in millimeters, from which proportional measurements can be readily computed. a From Monterey Bay and examined for us by Mr. William F. Allen, at the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory. B. B. F. 1906—15 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. bo bo oO COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF POLISTOTREMA STOUTI AND P. DEANI. Polistotrema stoutt. Tip of Center Tip of | Center Num- | um- . snout of first : snout | of first No. of bes tocen- gill- Nectar | No. of parce tocen-| gill- eae speci- | ; oti ter of opening enn speci- ti ter of |jopening aia men. |. tail.a first gillto cen- Baa men. | of eat first gill) to cen- ee ~~" | open- | ter of He sal “| open- | ter of = % ing. | last. 8s. ing. last.. eS ee BS mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. || mm. mm. mm. mm. 1 550 130 | 64 | 12 || 50 430 106 54 11 2 | 415 115 | 60 | 12 | 51 481 124 60 12 eee er ee 53 | 12° ||. 52 475 115 63 12 4 | 555 127 7 12 53 464 114 60 12 5 582 135 73 | 13 54 503 122 64 | 12 | 6 | 540 122 68 12 55 426 94 60 12 7 490 lil 63 12 56 442 104 58 il 8 482 112 68 12 57 490 118 61 12 9 512 116 70 12 58 355 89 42 il 10 475 111 65 12 59 480 125 57 11 11 453 113 61 12: | 60 472 110 65 12 12 415 92 57 133 61 386 92 53 uu 13 dll 114 72 12 62 390 93 48 12 14 412 91 56 11 63 410 111 57 12 15 477 112 67 12 64 510 122 68 12 } 16 | 494 116 65 12 65 503 120 72 12 17 503 118 65 11 66 485 113 60 12 18 468 116 60 12 67 412 105 51 il 19 512 130 61 il 68 486 116 70 13 } 20 458 112 53 11 69 465 114 68 12 21. | 460 109 63 12 70 460 112 64 12 22 | 488 117 64 12 il 467 114 61 12 23 | 482 115 63 12 72 440 110 66 12 24 473 118 59 12 73 512 125 65 12 25 | 470 118 63 12 74 378 95 46 12 26 490 123 64 12 75 438 103 66 12 27 | 422 117 53 11 76 460 127 57 12 28 470 118 61 11 77 436 110 53 11 29 410 97 53 12 78 370 90 48 11 30 47 117 63 11 79 383 95 50 1 31 486 120 54 11 80 438 110 59 11 32 470 110 62 il 81 550 131 74 12 33 403 91 49 12 82 473 109 66 12 34 462 110 58 13 83 478 114 63 11 35 440 115 58 12 84 427 100 57 11 36 433 112 57 13 85 492 119 72 12 37 458 | lil 61 12 86 430 105 58 12 38 485 122 65 12 87 486 116 67 11 39 482 | 120 58 12 88 545 125 74 11 40 463 116 55 12 89 510 116 66 12 41 492 120 68 12 90 488 123 69 12 42 510 129 63 il 91 476 112 60 11 43 473 109 60 12 92 482 118 64 12 44 458 | 108 55 12 93 440 109 54 11 45 519 124 62 12 94 444 112 68 12 46 473 | 116 63 12 95 413 98 56 12 AT oN Dh a AST 71 11 96 412 98 57 12 48 | 480 110 Hesse: 75 12 || 97 463 120 68 12 49 434 108 | 58 11 e, Polistotrema deani. | | | | ! oscs | 485 | 83 | 79 { 11 || og77 | 640 97 ga is cae | | : are aoe. pst} 1 2867 -| 520 | 86 73 i a oh BRO. es a0 87 67 | sight a Not including tentacles. Polistotrema deani is known from 4 specimens, all in rather poor condition: Two, no. 2866 and 2867, 19 and 21 inches long, respectively, dredged by the Albatross in 1903, in 130 to 193 fathoms at station 4235, in Spacious Bay, Cleveland Peninsula, Alaska; and two, no. 2877 and 2880, 24.5 and 18.5 inches long, dredged on same date in 229 to 231 fathoms at station 4238, in Behm Canal off Nose Point. Type no. 57820 U. S. National Museum (field no. 2880), Albatross station 4238 in Behm Canal off Nose Point, in 229 to 231 fathoms. The three other specimens are cotypes, of which two are deposited in the U. S. National Museum and one in the Museum of Stanford University. We take great pleasure in naming this interesting species for Prof. Bashford Dean, of Columbia University, in recognition of his excellent work ‘‘On the Embryology of Bdellostoma stouti.”’ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. Oe Family 2. PETROMYZONIDA. The Lampreys. 2. Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner). ; Four specimens 16 to 18 inches long, collected by Mr. Chamberlain in Naha River near Loring, June 23, 1903, and a 6-inch specimen seined by him in McDonald Lake, August 24, 1905. Mr. Cham- berlain reports that lampreys were quite abundant June 22 at the foot of Dorr Falls in Naha stream. More than 50 were observed attached to the rocks. They were first noticed June 20 and all had dis- Fig. 2.—Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner). appeared in a week or ten days. Five males and 5 females were examined. Of the latter all but one appeared to have done spawning, and it is believed they were there for spawning purposes. At the Yes Bay hatchery a number of young were caught in the flume which brings water to the hatchery from a point on the creek below the falls. It is believed that the lamprey spawns among the rocks at the foot of that falls. This species was recorded at Unalaska, by Gilbert in 1895. 3. Lampetra aurea (Bean). Lamprey Eel. This species, originally described from Anvik, Yukon River, and recorded from Fort Yukon by Bean in 1882 as Ammocetus aureus, was not seen by us. Recorded from Mission, Yukon River (Nelson 1887), as Ammocetus aureus. Fic. 3.—Lampetra aurea (Bean). Mr. V. L. Derby, formerly a school-teacher at St. Michael and Point Barrow, in a letter dated January 19, 1907, furnishes the following interesting note on this species: In the spring—I believe during the month of April—the eels start up the river in one large school, presumably to spawn. Iam not enlightened upon this point, but suspect they live in the salt water through the greater portion of the year and as spawning season draws near they enter the fresh water streams. Iam in the dark whether they are found in other streams in Alaska besides the Yukon. As the time approaches for the arrival of the ‘‘snaky” forms, the Indians keep close watch for the first arrivals. Remember that the great river is covered with ice from 4 to 5 feet in thickness at this time of the year, and it is no small task for the young boys to keep a number of large holes open and occasionally dipping with their large dip nets. These nets are also used by the natives to catch salmon during the running season. Saw several Indians in their kyaks using their dip nets, but during the ae time I was in sight of them aboard the United States transport did not have the pleasure of seeing a fish caught. When the eels are reported as having come, the whole village—men, women, and children—go out quickly and gather in a harvest of these fish while the school is passing, and when the rear guard has 228 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. safely eluded the last net an Indian boy, swiit on foot, is sent to apprise the villagers above of the coming eels, and so on, all the way up the river. In the ‘“‘cut” there looks to be some 15 or 20 bushels of frozen eels. I understand these eels are exceedingly oily, and if the oil were clarified would make a good oil for painting purposes. The Indians catch these eels mostly for dog food, but do eat them only when there is a scarcity of other foods, as they are much stronger flavored than the eels we have in the fresh water streams in the States. Family 3. SQUALIDE. The Dogfishes. 4. Squalus sucklii (Girard). Dogjish. Specimens were secured in gill nets or seine at Nanaimo, Fort Rupert, Union Bay, and Diamond Point; others were taken on hook and line at Loring, Cleveland Passage, and a single specimen (field no. 3018), 29 inches long, was taken over the rail of the ship at Klawock. A female taken on hook and line in Cleveland Passage was 44 inches long, weighed 17 pounds, and contained 14 very active young. Each was about 7.5 inches long, and the yolk sac was very large. Another specimen was taken on hook and line at Shakan and one at Port McArthur. Those taken at Nanaimo were secured June 20 in a 54-inch mesh gill net set at the surface on the south side of the outer harbor. They were four in number, each about 3 feet long, all females with 4, 6, 9, and 9 embryos, respectively. The embryos in those having 9 were each about 9 inches long, those in the other two were only about 1.5 inches long. Spots on the larger embryos were very plain; no pigment developed in the smaller ones, except in the eyes. The dogfish is apparently common throughout Southeast Alaska, where, as elsewhere, it is regarded with disiavor. At Loring considerable numbers are caught for the oil that is tried out of the liver. They are taken by means of a gaff hook as they come about the cannery to feed upon the offal. This species has been recorded (as Squalus acanthias) by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Althorp; Marmot Island; and Red Bay. Family 4. SOMNIOSID#. The Sleeper Sharks. 5. Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch). Sleeper Shark. Two dead examples were seen July 13, 1903, on a mud flat at the Point Highfield cannery, where they had been leit by the tide. One lying near shore was a female 11 feet long. Skin covered with short, stiff, hair-like prickles. Examined ior its icetuses, but none found. On the evening of July 14, at Sunny Bay, Taku Inlet, 2 examples were caught over the rail of the steamer. One took the bait, the other was accidentaliy hooked in the tail. The latter was a female and gave the following measurements: Total length 8 feet 2 inches; length of snout to middle of eye 10 inches, to first gill opening 20 inches, to last gill opening 25 inches, to base of pectoral 28 inches, to origin of first dorsal 50 inches, to spiracle 13.5 inches, diameter of eye 1.5 inches; distance irom front of first dorsal to second dorsal 24 inches, from front of second dorsal to base of caudal 16 inches; length of upper caudal lobe 17.5 inches, lower caudal lobe 13 inches; length of gill slit 3.75 inches; posterior height of second dorsal 6 inches, base 4.5 inches; posterior height of first dorsal 5 inches, base 5 inches; length of pectoral 11 inches, base 13.5 inches; height of ventral 5 inches, base 5.5 inches; girth at base of pectoral 51 inches; greatest girth at upper base of pectoral 52 inches; greatest girth of tail 16 inches, least girth 12.25 inches. Total weight 381 pounds, liver 48 pounds. Ovaries very immature; gall 24 ounces. Axil to axil over back 28 inches. Color sooty black, a little mottled. Also recorded from Hassler Harbor (Bean 1884) and St. Michael (Turner 1886). Mr. A. B. Alexander informs us that the Albatross has taken examples on trawls at various places in Alaska. Family 5. SQUATINID. The Angel Sharks. 6. Squatina squatina (Linnzus). One specimen, a female 14 inches long. The locality label has been lost. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 299 Family 6. RAJIDA. The Rays and Skates. 7. Raja binoculata Girard. Big California Skate. Common. The collection contains the following specimens: No. 2896, a male 10 inches long, from station 4248, in Eastern Passage near Wrangell; no. 2748, a small male seined at Klawock; no. 2837; no. 2839, a female; no. 2841, a female 21 inches long, from Puget Sound near Port Townsend; no. 2871, a Pile: six specimens 6 to 13 inches long collected in Puget Sound by Mr. Todd; one (no. 1272) 15.5 inches SAE dredged by the Albatross August 28, 1891, at station 3450, off SWachinetan. Other speci- mens were dredged at stations 4211, 4214, 4219, 4233, 4192, and in Kilisut Harbor; examples were seen also at Port Townsend, Nanaimo, Karta Bay, Yes Bay, and Dundas Bay. Two very large examples were examined at a salmon trap. Both were females, on which the following notes were made: First Second | example. | example. ANTRAL eTa eg Fl = na Ord OS oN Sey ee ee ee ae ee inches. -| 56. 0 51. 00 Wencthrondisks, eyewear ec Ch eee dose 36.5 33. 25 BVVriclith@ be chisce oy Stee) 8 ee oe ee ee eee ee tei GOss-4| 39.5 35.00 MpiotL snout toanmeleor pectoral:: +. 222 -22-- =.= =f 22=2 dose 30. 0 24. 00 Rip ompeccoral Lowbascrortall. 22-2 oe aS 2 eee Sos be OVO Se 24.5 23. 00 WEISh Gs eee re ec ts ck ee PARE eae Soca ae pounds. -| 48.0 32. 00 Mr. Bell, superintendent of the Dundas Bay cannery, says rays are often taken in the salmon traps, some much larger than these. At Kilisut Harbor, July 1, two egg capsules were dredged. One was empty, but the other contained 4 eggs, each about the size of a hen’s egg. The attached embryos were long (each about 3 inches), slender and very squirmy. No. 2896 is described as follows: Length of disk 1.4 in width; tail 1.3 in length of disk; anterior edge of pectoral scarcely less than length of disk, one-half greater Eee posterior edge; snout 3 in length of disk; interorbital width 2.5 in snout; width of mouth equalling interorbital width; disk much broader than long; anterior margin of pectoral nearly straight, scarcely or not at all convex, the 2 margins form- ing an angle of 95 to 98 degrees; tip of snout not produced, nor differentiated from general outline; posterior margin of pectoral gently convex, forming an angle of about 90 degrees with the anterior margin. Three sharp spines about the eye, 2 in front, the third above and posterior; one strong spine on median line of back, midway between nostrils and humeral region; tail witha series of 14 stout prickles beginning at base and extending to first dorsal fin; one small spine between the 2 dorsals; upper part otherwise entirely smooth and without prickles of any kind; under parts entirely smooth. Color light brown; a large black spot equal to twice longest diameter of eye at base of pectoral, surrounded bya broad ring of reddish brown, which in turn is surrounded by a nearly equally broad black ring; the total diameter of the ocellated spot slightly exceeding the inter-spiracle width; an obscure brownish spot behind the large ocellated spot slightly greater than eye in diameter; back protusely covered with small irregularly placed paler spots, those on posterior margin of pectoral oblong. From typical R. binoculata this specimen differs in the less projecting snout, the coloration, and the spines. The large spot at the base of the pectoral is that of R. stellulata, but the prickles are less evident. An examination of our material shows that the males differ from the females in having the snout blunter and less produced and the pectoral ocellus much larger and. more distinct. It is also evident that the prickles become more numerous with age. As these variations cover all the differences in characters assigned to the 3 nominal species R. binoculata Girard, R. rhina Jordan & Gilbert, and R. stellu- lata Jordan & Gilbert, we are compelled to regard the three as one species. We have compared our specimens with the types of R. rhina and R. stellulata. - Recorded by Bean (1882), as Raja binoculata, from the fllowsen localities: Sitka; Port Althorp; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; and Wrangell. By Gilbert (1895) as Raja stellulata, from Unimak Pass, Bristol Bay, and along the northern shores of Unalaska Island at stations 3217, 3255, 3258, 3310, and 3312. Raja binoculata Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 196, San Francisco. Raja cooperi Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv., 372, 1858, Shoalwater Bay, Washington. Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 133, Monterey. Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Mat. Mus. 1880, 251, Monterey and San Francisco. 230 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 8. Raja parmifera Bean. One specimen (no. 2904) 7 inches long, and 4 eggs, dredged at station 4252, in Frederick Sound, another (no. 3001) 23 inches long, at station 4291, in Shelikof Strait; one (no. 3005) 21 inches long, at station 4295, in Shelikof Strait; two from station 4280, in Chignik Bay; and two from Alitak Bay. The latter were both males, and furnished the following notes: First example, length of disk 21 inches; width 24; length of tail 20; snout to angle of pectoral 18; tip of snout to eye 7.5; weight 14 pounds. Second example, length of disk 28 inches; width 31; tail 24; snout to angle of pectoral 22; tip of snout to eye 9.5; weight 25 pounds. Thirty to 33 spines on median line of back and tail; no marginal row of larger spines on tail in female; spines on back more numerous and smaller in female; male with two large humeral spines, female with one; supraoccipital crest more developed in the male. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Gilbert (1895) records it from Alba- tross stations 3252, 3259, 3267, 3270, 3272, 3281, 3282, 3292, 3293, 3310, and 3313, all in Bristol Bay. 9. Raja aleutica Gilbert. No. 1775 (1726), a specimen 33 inches long, collected at station 3602. Dorsal and caudal fins covered with small prickles; 4 large spines in shoulder region on median line; after a slight interspace 32 additional spines on median line of back and tail, 2 of the latter being between the dorsals. The spines are large anteriorly, becoming smaller to the root of the tail, thence larger, as large as the anterior ones for halflength of tail, whence they grow gradually smaller to tip of tail. Teeth quite sharp, conical; lateral edges of upper lip fringed; back with small prickles everywhere, except an area below and behind eyes to below shoulder region, and the edges of pectoral laterally and pos- teriorly; a row of pores, with short tubes, on each side and just below the first median spine, these diverging toward each eye, running half the distance from spine to eye, the area about them being free from prickles; a similar row of pores around the entire margin of the disk and also on each side of the nasal cartilage; lateral and posterior angles of disk broadly rounded, margin between these angles gently rounded. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3257, north of Sannak Pass, Aleutian Islands. 10. Raja trachura Gilbert. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of the Shumagin Islands. Not seen by us. 11. Raja abyssicola Gilbert. Originally described from Albatross station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Island, in 1,588 fathoms. Family 7. CHIMARIDE. ~ The Chimeras. 12. Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett). Ratfish. Common. Specimens were caught in gillnet at Nanaimo; one was seined at Port Alexander, and others were dredged at stations 4191, 4197, 4201, 4215, 4216, 4218, 4219, 4221, 4223, and 4246. Seven a Fic. 4.—Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett). specimens examined are 4.5 to 12 inches long. We have examined another example (no. 2442) 13.5 inches long, dredged by the Albatross April 30, 1901, at station 3790, off Tatoosh Island Light, in 122 fathoms. In this specimen the caudal is produced into a decided filament. Recorded from Alaska and Alexander Archipelago as Chimera colliei (Bean 1882). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 931 Family 8. ACIPENSERIDA&. The Sturgeons. 13. Acipenser medirostris Ayres. Green Sturgeon. According to Mr. J. F. Williams, of Chignik Bay, 2 green sturgeon were caught some years ago (1897) in the Copper River. Each was about 4 feet long. We were told of one seen in the Columbia River which weighed 900 pounds. It is said that years ago San Francisco restaurants served sturgeon steaks as sea bass or sole. Family 9. CATOSTOMIDA.. The Suckers. 14. Catostomus catostomus (Forster). Long-nosed Sucker; Northern Sucker. Very abundant in Watson River, near Caribou, Yukon Territory, where 76 specimens 4 to 10.5 inches long were seined July 18 and 19. Head 4.2; depth 5.5; eye 6; snout 2.2; dorsal 10; anal 7; scales 20-110 to 120-15 to 17, 60 to 65 in front of dorsal; length of pectoral 1.25 in head; ventral 1.6; height of dorsal 1.5. Color in life, mottled olive; belly somewhat silvery; head brassy; fins all dull orange, the dorsal darker at tip. oon me Ses ce : : borkonn) eran yy Boa : pee : Fic. 5.—Catostomus catostomus (Forster). Compared with specimens from Clear Creek, near Clearmont, Wyo., the Caribou specimens have considerably smaller scales (the Wyoming specimens having only 90 to 100 in course of lateral line), and more pointed head, with longer snout. This species has a wider distribution than any other member of the family. It was described origi- nally from the Hudson Bay region, and has since been recorded from various localities from New England westward to the headwaters of the Missouri and the Columbia and northward to Alaska. -It is doubtless abundant in all suitable waters from the Hudson Bay region west and northwestward. At Great Slave Lake, on the Yukon, and elsewhere, it is a food fish of considerable importance, especially to the Indians. An examination of numerous specimens in the present collection indicates that the spawning season at Caribou is entirely over by July 19. Recorded from Nulato, Yukon River, as Catostomus longirostris (Bean 1882). Upper Kobuk River (Townsend 1887). Nulato and Andreafski, Yukon River, and streams flowing into Kotzebue Sound (Turner 1886). Cyprinus castostomus Forster, Philos. Trans. for 1773, 155, streams about Hudson Bay. Catostomus longirostrum Le Sueur, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1817, 102, Vermont. Catostomus hudsonius Le Sueur, Jour, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1817, 107, Vermont. Gtinther, Cat., vil, 13, 1868. Catostomus forsterianus Richardson, Franklin’s Journal 1823, 720, Lake Huron and Great Slave Lake. Catostomus aurora Agassiz, Lake Superior, 360, figs. 3 and 4, 1850, The Pic, Lake Superior. Catostomus longirostris, Jordan, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xu, 175, 1878 (Nulato, Yukon River; St. Michael’s, Alaska). Catostomus nanomyzon Mather, Twelfth Rept. N. Y. Fish Comm. 1884, 36, Big Moose Lake, Northern New York. Family 10. SYNAPHOBRANCHID. 15. Histiobranchus bathybius (Giinther). One specimen reported by Dr. Gilbert from Bering Sea in 1895 at Albatross station, 3308. 2352) BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family un. NEMICHTHYID#. The Snipe Eels. 16. Avocettina gilli (Bean). Originally described from Albatross station 2859, east of Prince of Wales Island, in 1,569 fathoms. Only the type known. Fig. 6—Avocettina gilli (Bean). Family 12. CLUPEID2. The Herrings. 17. Clupea pallasii Cuvier & Valenciennes. California Herring. The collection contains 64 specimens 2 to 12.5 inches long, from Loring, Marrowstone Point, Kilisut Harbor, Admiralty Head, Pablof Harbor, Litnik Bay, Cleveland Passage, Port Alexander, and Karluk; Sitka, collected by Mr. Luttrell in September, 1893; Unalaska, July 2, 1900; Killisnoo, August 21, 1900; Pyramid Harbor, August 23, 1900; Utsalady, Washington, October 2, 1895; Cordova Bay, Prince of Wales Island, in 1897; Litnik Bay, August 15, 1900, and Petropaulski, June 20, 1900. Fic. 7.—Clupea pallasii Cuvier & Valenciennes. In the seining operations this species was found in abundance at Port Alexander, Kilisut Harbor, Marrowstone Point (the examples all young), Uyak Bay (adults), Litnik Bay (adults), and Cleveland Passage (many young, 5 inches long). It is said to be abundant in Chilkoot Inlet in April and May. Seventy-one examples taken at Uyak Bay weighed 47.75 pounds, the average weight being therefore 10.76 ounces. The average length was 11.67 inches. The individual weights and lengths are given in the following table: THE FISHES OF ALASKA, Dae InpivipuAL LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF SEVENTY-ONE Paciric HERRING (CLUPEA PALLASI), TAKEN AT Uyak Bay; ALAska, Aucust 4, 1903. Specimen. | Length. | Weight. Specimen. Length. | Weight. | Specimen. Length. | Weight. | | Inches. | Ounces. Inches. | Ounces. | Inches. | Ounces pm tie the Ser oe 13.5 12.0 / AD) esse eee 13.0 WZ Oye i amno ease See Lek 12.0 9.0 ae ae ee 12.0 12.0 7d ae ee 12.0 GRoaal|e dO Sone ce 2 3 12.0 9.0 ge Pee Se ee 13.0 12.0 7 (es Se ee eae 12.5 11.0 ees ee 12.0 8.5 CAE ee ee 12.0 AQvom |} B28en 2 ote oes 13.0 13.0 Gy ease: Ee 12.5 10.5 a ene 12.0 TOESS || 295 a= eee 13.5 TASC) otI") so pete pie cee 11.0 7.0 Gere Le |} 125 Pe |= | ee ees 13:5 1S Sead Sees 12.5 12.0 to Ree ee 1355 TES MIE oii le ies Bat 14.0 14.0 Oe is eee 12.0 9.0 OS eae 10.5 Dead tee ee Oeeee | 14.0 14.0 5 amt ae eR 13.5 13.0 Ob ee eee 14.0 LE ie | es > ee ee 13.5 Tals aay ema Ss Reet TT) 7.0 102 22 See Se 12.5 zed ||) GaN ee SE a2 | 13.5 Eee As eee ee 13.0 TES: Ae oe Se Ee 13.0 One tao seee ee a 12.5 LOAD ea | es Bee ae ee 12.0 8.5 12 u2e sain 13.0 TEEN Pee, ana see 12'5 LOSO 3) RGOE SS Ses 5 | 13.5 OAS ee ee ds 13.5 16 Soh | ey ee 13.5 Op a Keds oe 1950 9.5 4s 13:5 13.5 Sia teen BE: DO 8 OZ ee ee | 12.5 9.5 TUS). ea areca 1355 DOO A esos osha 1325 13.5 OSHS tees Mal 11.0 io WG ere 5 2s ee Re 13.5 TAS ati | Pema s oer 22 12.5 10.0 Ty le ae 12.0 9.0 Mfr ee ee 13.0 TCU | pee (ore le 14.0 13.5 GOs 225 See 12.0 8.0 ihc apn ete 13.0 11.5 OL ee arn | 13.0 LON Se HE AGG2 ot 28 502 13.0 13.5 ee cee se 13.0 Arpad AS. 8 es ir «A200 OiGe Wee G7 eu. ee 12.5 8.5 |) See ee 13.0 12.5 2S eeeeea 13.0 iG Gia Re eee 12.0 8.5 De eee 13.5 SSO Nad eae ae 11.5 10.0 O0e- 5.5 ee 10.0 5.0 Does Sek See 12.5 LOS aah AGeee oS PAS 11.0 (Ue ase oe 10.0 6.0 Doe tk SAS 13.5 15.0 Beene cine se 12.5 10.5 DARE pee 11.5 8.0 AS BETS 6 11.5 8.0 || The herring is now a fish of considerable and growing importance in Southeast Alaska. It is salted to some extent at certain of the salmon canneries, and when so prepared is an excellent article of food. For a number of years great quantities have been used for oil and fertilizer at Killisnoo. Recently it has come to be in great demand as bait in the halibut fisheries. According to Mr. Cobb 4, this fish is said to spawn in southeast Alaskain May to July. The grounds are widely distributed from Howkan to Skagway and through Icy Straits to Cross Sound. After spawning the fish are said to school out in the deeper water of Frederick Sound and Stephens Passage, and later reenter the bays to feed. During July and August they are filled with.‘‘red feed,’’ and are then very difficult to cure. In September and October their food seems to change and they are then in prime condi- tion. Therunsare usually composed of mixed sizes, although in early summer the sizes are said to be uniformly small in some places. The herring is one of the chief articles of food of the king salmon in the winter and spring in certain parts of Alaska, particularly about Killisnoo, Chilkoot Inlet, and Ketchikan. This was observed during an unusual run of king slamon, which began about the middle of January, 1905, and continued until May 18. There is usually a large run of herring in Chilkoot Inlet-early in the spring. Recorded by Bean (1884) from Sitka; Old Sitka; Port Althorp; Port Mulgrave; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; [liuliuk, Unalaska; St. Michael; and Port Clarence; and (1882) Wrangell. Unalaska and Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). St. Michael; Unalaska Harbor, and Norton Sound (Nelson 1887). Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). a Fisheries of Alaska in 1906, Bureau of Fisheries Document 618, p. 52, 1907. _ 234 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 18. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Atlantic Shad. The shad has extended itsrange far northward. Thecannery at Fairhaven took one about J uly 1, 1903, and the fishermen at Birch Point got about 3,000 in one day. The species has been reported from Stikine River and in 1904 it was taken at Kasilof, on Cook Inlet. Fig. 8.—Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Family 13. SALMONIDE. The Salmons, Trouts, and Whitefishes. 19. Coregonus kennicotti Milner. Kennicott’s Whitefish. Two specimens, 6 and 6.25 inches long, were secured at Lake Bennett. Scales 13-76 to 82-8; gillrakers 5+14 (right), 7+12 (left), rather long and slender, somewhat blunt tipped, but firmer than in C. quadrilateralis, their length about diameter of pupil. This species may be readily distinguished from the round whitefish found in the same waters by the somewhat larger mouth, longer and more numerous gillrakers, larger and much more caducous scales, and more elevated back. This species of whitefish is probably common in Lake Bennett, Tagish Arm, Lake Atlin, and other headwaters of the Yukon. It has been previously recorded from Alaskan localities as follows: Yukon River at Nulato and St. Michael (Bean 1882), Middle Kobuk River (Townsend 1887), rivers about Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885), St. Michael (Nelson 1887), and Barter Island near the mouth of the Mackenzie River (Scofield 1899). 20. Coregonus quadrilateralis Richardson. Round Whitefish. Twenty-five specimens, 3.75 to 11.5inches long, seined in Lake Bennett, and 4 at Caribou Crossing. Scales 10-95 to 100-8; gillrakers very short and weak, about 7++10. This is apparently the most abundant species of whitefish in the headwaters of the Yukon. The young were very abundant in Lake Bennett, where many examples were seined in shallow water. It appeared to be less common at Caribou Crossing. One large example was obtained, August 5, by Dr. Gilbert in Wood River at the upper trap. Gillrakers 6+8 and 8+10, short, blunt, and weak; scales 10-101-8. Color in life, light olive; scales darker edged, sides silvery; 13 diffuse, roundish, dusky blue spots along lateral line and 2 or 3 above it posteriorly; vestiges of parr-marks; upper fins very slightly red- dish olive, lower bright creamy orange; opercle and shoulder bar creamy orange. | At Caribou Crossing this whitefish is of considerable importance as a food fish. The principal supply is said to come from Lake Atlin, where it is caught in winter as well as at other seasons. It is doubtless common in all suitable waters in the Yukon Basin. This species has previously been recorded from the following Alaskan localities: Yukon River at Nulato and Fort Yukon (Bean 1882); Yukon River at Nulato and Unalakleet River (Nelson 1887); and Yukon River at Fort Yukon (Turner 1886). Bull. U.S. B F. 1906. ARGYROSOMUS ALASCANUS SCOFIELD. TYPE. ile PLATE XIV. TWYAPI a 2. OSMERUS ALBATROSSIS JORDAN & GILBERT. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 935 21. Coregonus nelsoni Bean. Nelson’s Whitejish. We have a single specimen, no. 2927, 12 inches long, collected in Lake Bennett, British Columbia, July 20, 1903. Originally described by Bean (1884) from Nulato, and since recorded from Middle Kobuk River (Townsend 1887), Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885), Nulato and Andreafski, Yukon River (Nelson 1887), and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899). 22. Argyrosomus pusillus (Bean). Least Whitefish. Six specimens, 9.75 to 10.5 inches long, obtained at Caribou Crossing, and 8 specimens, 4.5 to 10 inches long, seined in Lake Bennett. The 4.5-inch Lake Bennett specimen is described as follows: Head 4.67 in body; depth 5.5; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal 10; anal 12; ventral 11; scales 10-90-8. Body rather elongate, compressed; mouth oblique, gape rather small, extending back about half the length of the maxillaries; lower jaw considerably projecting; maxillary broad, somewhat curved, not extending much beyond the anterior margin of orbit, its length 3.13 in head; mandible long, reach- ing to below middle of pupil, 2.3 in head; teeth almost microscopic, in both jaws, none on tongue; gill- rakers long, slender, and numerous, 10+26 and 13+28; dorsal high, its longest ray (about the third) about 1.3 in head and about twice length of base; base of dorsal 2.5 in head; dorsal rays shortening rapidly after third and fourth, leaving the margin of the fin very slightly concave; insertion of dorsal midway between tip of snout and a point about half way between adipose and caudal fins; caudal large, equally forked, both lobes and indentation acutish; anal low, its longest ray 2.25 in head, its base 2 in head, its posterior margin slightly concave; ventrals inserted somewhat behind origin of dorsal, reach- ing about two-thirds distance to origin of anal, the length of their longest rays about 1.3 in head; pectoral equaling ventral. . Bluish above, with minute black punctulations; sides below lateral line and a short distance above, silvery, belly white; dorsal and caudal almost imperceptibly dusky; other fins wholly plain; iris sil- very, a narrow blackish ring about the orbit, plainest above and below. This little fresh-water herring is probably not so abundant ia the Yukon basin as the two preceding species. The species was originally described by Bean (1889) as Coregonus pusillus from Kuwuk (Kobuk) River. He had previously recorded it in Cruise of the Corwin (1889) as Coregonus merckii var., from Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound. It has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from St. Michael and northern Alaska; by Nelson (1887) from Andreafski, Yukon River, and by Scofield (1899) from Grantley Harbor and Barter Island near the mouth of the Mackenzie River. 23. Argyrosomus laurettz (Bean). Originally described by Bean (1882) as Coregonus laurette from Point Barrow and Port Clarence, and recorded by him also from the Yukon River at Nulato. Other records are as follows: Yukon River at Nulato (Nelson 1887); Meade and Kuaru rivers and Elson Bay (Murdoch 1885); and Nushagak and Naknek rivers (Gilbert 1895). 24. Argyrosomus lucidus (Richardson). The only record for this species is Hershel Island (Scofield 1899). 25. Argyrosomus alascanus Scofield. (Pl. xtv, fig. 1.) Originally described from Point Hope and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899); not yet known from any other place. 236 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 26. Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson). Jnconnuw. Although no specimens were obtained by us, this species is known to occur in the headwaters of the Yukon. It has been reported to us by Messrs. Osgood and Maddren, who saw it in the Yukon in 1900. Mr. Presnell, of Chignik Bay, says that he saw an example 10 inches long at Eagle City in 1898 which had been taken through an air hole in the ice, and he thinks he saw another, weighing 3 or 4 pounds, on Forty-mile Creek. SS SS SS SS SS 2S sas SS Fic. 9.—Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson). Townsend (1887) records one specimen taken in the Middle Klawak (Kobuk) in August, 1885; Nelson (1887) records it from the Yukon at Nulato, Kotlik, and Andreafski; Turner (1886), from St. Michaels; and Scofield (1899) from the Mackenzie River. 27. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Humpback Salmon; Pink Salmon. (Pl. xx1mI—xxvI.) The humpback salmon is the most abundant salmon in Alaskan waters. It exists in millions, swarming everywhere along the shores and in waters near the sea, in streams, brooks, lakes, swamps, and brackish lagoons—in fact, in all places where fresh water, however little, may be found. It is ordinarily not found far from shore, and does not run up the streams for great distances. It does not frequent the larger rivers, and is therefore almost unknown in the Sacramento and Columbia, and even in the Fraser; but in the smaller streams it is found practically everywhere from California to Bering Sea, wherever a stream of fresh water, however small, enters the sea. Dr. Bean records it from Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island; also from Colville River. Townsend (July 2 to August 25, 1885) found it in the Middle Kobuk River; not more than a half dozen individuals were seen, however, among the large numbers of fishes examined at every village of natives. Scofield (1899) found this species at Port Clarence about the middle of July, at which time it was beginning to run up the river back of the inner harbor. Gilbert (1895) says: The humpback salmon was seen by us at Port Moller on the northern side of the Alaskan Peninsula, during two visits, which included the first two weeks and the last week of July, 1890. During the first part of this month they were running in small numbers, and, as a few scattered ones only had been taken at Unalaska up to June 16, 1890, it is safe to indicate the first of July as the beginning of their appearance on that part of the coast. In the early part of their run they proved a very acceptable fish, but later they rapidly deteriorated. On our return to Unalaska, July 31, 1890, we learned that they had been running for several weeks, and during several visits in the month of August they were found in incredible numbers crowding into the mouths of the small streams which flow into Captains Harbor. Both pools and shallows seemed full of them and large numbers were dying within a few hundred yards of the beach. The spawning season appeared to begin early in August. , According to Murdoch (1885), humpback salmon occur sparingly at Perignak, Elson Bay. Nelson (1887) states that the run at St. Michael begins about the middle of June and that the fish continue rather numerous until the end of July. They were seen in abundance at all places visited by us in July and August. On July 8 some were taken in a gillnet in Yes Bay. At Klawak they are plentiful and unusually large, running about 14 to the case in canning. Usually 20 to the case is a fair average, though they often run as small as 25 to 30 to the case. At Afognak Falls, August 3, humpback salmon were found running in great numbers; they were seen in all parts of the stream below the falls, some jumping, others in the water often with their fins THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 937 sticking out. The falls are in several parts, three being of considerable height, and with quieter water between. The upper or main fall is far more serious, and the salmon make many unsuccessful attempts to ascend it. The lip of the fall is very irregular and broken in many places, and at different levels are found pools or corners with less turbulent water where the fish can rest on their way up. Just below this fall is a large relatively quiet pool extending the full width of the stream and perhaps 100 feet down the stream. This pool was literally packed with salmon; they seemed to be lying nearly as Close together as possible and there must have been many thousands cf them. Nearly or quite all of them, unless disturbed, lay with their heads upstream. They were all restless and seemed to be moving about more or less, usually trying to get nearer the fall—some pushing upward to the edge of rough water, then jumping wildly, sometimes gaining a little, but more often hitting the bank or some projecting rock or swift water and gaining nothing. Immediately under the fall they were jumping all the time. During the hour of observation there was scarcely a moment when one or more salmon could not be seen in the air or making their way against the nearly vertical current. The vantage ground from which they started was not good and the jumping appeared to be aimless and at random. Often they would jump straight up when some distance below the fall, frequently the wrong way, sometimes even downstream; sometimes striking the bank or a projecting rock, to be thrown back into the water, only to try the leap again. Occasionally a salmon which had reached the foot of a descending sheet of water would, with better judgment, jump toward the sheet and perhaps strike part of the way up, where it would maintain itself for a moment, perhaps advancing a short distance, but finally losing, to be carried or dashed, some- times sidewise, sometimes headforemost, back into the pool below. During all the time of observation by the authors not a single salmon was seen to make the fall, but others of the party saw some succeed, and in the stream above the falls were seen several salmon that of course had gotten over. Into one pool easy of access, at the foot of the fall and containing as many salmon as it could possibly hold, one of us put his hand to lift a salmon out. By closing the hand over the gills it was possible to hold on to the fish without any difficulty, and so long as this succeeded the other fish took no alarm, but when one escaped it and all the others scurried down the falls in the most reckless way. The entire stream from the falls to its mouth was well filled with salmon. Nearly all appeared to be humpbacks, although there were evidently a few sockeyes among them. Nearly all of both species were fresh from the sea and apparently in excellent condition. In many places humpback salmon were seen jumping, in bays, passages and river mouths. At Sitka (August 20) boys were seen gaffing them in Indian River near its mouth. The males were greatly humped. All reports were to the effect that the run in the streams near Sitka was unusually large in 1903. The same was true at Killisnoo. We often saw humpback salmon along the shore where the only fresh water was seepage through the sand and gravel. They would often throw themselves out on the beach in their efforts to reach fresh water. Humpbacks are said to occur in the Yukon in July and August, though in limited numbers. We seined large numbers on July 25 at Pablof Bay, southeast Alaska; also at Sitkoh Bay, July 26. The species was noted also in Silver Creek near Sitka, July 29. Fry 1.3 inches long were taken May 22 with a lot of coho fry in sloughs or little pools along the Karluk River near its source. The run of humpbacks extends, perhaps, through a longer period than that of any other species. In Southeast Alaska it begins in June and continues until September or even later in some places. North- ward the period is somewhat shorter. On Puget Sound and southward it is more prolonged and continues late in the fall. As already stated, the humpback salmon as a rule do not ascend streams to great distances. If they enter large rivers at all they are apt to run into the first small tributary stream which they reach. They prefer, however, the smaller coastal streams, and are therefore not often seen in numbers at any distance from the sea. They are quite persistent, and, in a measure, successful in their efforts to ascend streams in which considerable falls occur. Observations similar to those on their attempts to ascend Afognak Falls were made at Pablof Falls July 25, and at Dorr Falls, Naha Stream, August 30, and indicate that the hump- back jumps quite as well as any of the other species of salmon. Where the water conditions—depth, current, width, etc.—are favorable it can probably make a vertical jump of 10 feet, but to ascend a fall with that vertical height frequent attempts would probably be made before success was attained, as the jumping appears to be more or lessat random. It is perfectly evident that the salmon does not select a particular point on or near the lip of the falls where it proposes to strike; it simply jumps aimlessly, and sooner or later strikes the fall at a place where it is able to maintain itself and from which it can ascend into more quiet water above the falls. 238 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Unlike the sockeye, this salmon does not refuse to enter streams which have no lakes in their head- waters. It seems to be entirely indifferent as regards this stream character; it selects its spawning beds in streams with or without lakes in their course. If in a stream with lakes, the beds may be in the stream above the lake, below the lake, or even in the lake itself. If there be one essential feature, aside from temperature, it is probably that the stream must be a relatively small one. The humpback is the smallest of the 5 species of Pacific coast salmon. The results of a large number of measurements and weights are shown in the table which follows: LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS oF HuMPBACK SALMON. Num-— Length. | Weight. Average for all. SS SEPT OE exam: || maxi | Mima) aver Me au eee : a ined. | mum. |} mum.| age. | mum. | mum. | age. ength. | Weight. Inches.| Inches.| Inches.| Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. | Inches. | Pounds. Shipley Bay (Aug. 24)..-.-------2----. { 30/ $ | 2375| 195 |2220 | ae] 200| 55 |b 224 | 3.77 Bear Eeeber 2s { %| § | 3423) isas| ser | Er 300) 3ir3 if 28-25 | 4.00 Port Ellis, Home Stearn (Aug. 22)....-f ee g een a ag ae ted Sen a \ 22.33 4.06 Sukkwan (AUg. 28) ..------------ ooo { 59| $ | 2375| tool are | £s)| 3:50| Sas ff 2213 | 3.93 Hunter Bay (Ang. 28)...-.-.-.-.-.-.-.. { 6 | $ | 25:00) 19:5 | 9243 | 600| 25 | aos [ft 209 | 462 Funter Bay (July 28)....-------2------ ‘Gxt a en ened eee eee PUL a PALES Rie nicl DO.-2 2.0 2ee-cecececececeeeceseenees ieee ee eonuiee ieee Slsac e oa | earns Yakutat (Aug. 18)...------0- 2-2-2. { 7] $ | 35:00} 21:00] 22:3 | 5:00] 3.00] 414 |} 2800) 4.64 Litnik Bay (Aug. 8).-.0--20-2---2--- eee Mae ewan nme ye eon Rlawak... 222.2222 eeececececes coon 1 9f| $ | 3500] 20:00] 23:01 | 6:00| 200| 439 |f 2878 | 4.84 Cleveland Passage (July 13)-.....-...-- { FES Gao | Sbcuo ae Re ees ea ant lea cee eet | gece Yes Bay (July 17)...-..--.2--------- Nea Wiss ee eerie ea 6.9 Kegan (Aug. 16)...--2--2-2-2-22-2-2-- eer eames (e tt) Coc | eo 47 Nowiskay (Aug. 19) .-.----------20----5 Ne eee ee ee pe 47 Quadra (Aug. 6)... 2-2. eens Namrata Puaied ee ecuaeeay Uc ie yc eeene 5.2 Karta (July 26)... -.-----.ee-- een (esti ree resem eho ies) 47 Karta (Aug. 2, 1904)... ---.---------, Were ice ct seteccea pe re race rivet eee 4.55 Scowl Arm (AUg.2)-.-----2-2-2-2-2---1 ier ha ene eee emiage Persie | ele 47 Wicd iver (ruy 10) i... a eee { 4) g [REBB719007"B1-068") 25] 200) 2.375) so or] o.5as Nushagak River (July 22).............. { Ma g a oe roe on a ee ae xa 21.004 3. 809 } Three dozen humpback salmon (both sexes) were weighed at the cannery at Wrangell, July 13. The average weight was 5.8 pounds, the average length 24 inches. At the cannery of the Thlinket Packing and Trading Company, July 23, 30 fish (both sexes) gave an average weight of 4.2 pounds and an average length of 24.46 inches. _A male humpback taken in a gillnet in Yes Bay, July 9, was 25 inches long and weighed 7 pounds. From the above (omitting those weighed in 1903 and 1904 by Mr. Chamberlain, for which the lengths are not given) it appears that the largest male humpback examined was 27 inches in total length and that the maximum weight was 8 pounds. The smallest male was 19 inches long and the minimum weight 2 pounds. The largest female was 25 inches long and the heaviest weighed 5.5 pounds. The smallest female was 17 inches long and the minimum weight was 2 pounds. The average of 341 males was in length, 23.19 inches, in weight 4.3 pounds; of 441 females, length 22.59 inches, weight 4 pounds. The average length of the 782 fish (both sexes) was 22.64 inches, and the average weight 4.13 pounds. The examples weighed by Mr. Chamberlain at various places in 1903 and 1904 appear to be somewhat heavier than those examined by us. The 11.5-pound male weighed by him at Yes Bay, July 17, is 3.5 pounds heavier than any examined by us. And the heaviest female (7.5 pounds) examined by him THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 239 was 2.5 pounds heavier than the heaviest weighed by us. The average weight of 1,597 fish (782 weighed by us, 815 by Mr. Chamberlain) was 5.25 pounds. The Yes Bay humpbacks appear to be heavier than any others. An examination of these figures and the detailed data on which they are based does not, however, indicate that any geographic races can be recognized. While the averages for the different streams show considerable differences in some instances, the individuals from any one stream lack homogeneity and show a range of variation in length and weight great enough to include that of the different streams. The humpback salmon is known to the Russians as gorbuscha and to the trade as pink salmon. Not until recently in the history of the salmon-canning industry has it been utilized. Its flesh is pale or pink in color, less firm in texture, and with less of the salmon fiavor characteristic of the sockeye and chinook. For these reasons canners were slow to utilize it. A few years ago, however, a number of enterprising canners began putting up this species under the name of pink salmon and during the last five or six years the industry has developed enormously. The pack of many canneries which originally put up nothing but reds consists now largely, in some cases almost wholly, of pinks. Many canneries which at first utilized the humpbacks only at the end of the season in order to make up their guaranty are now canning them whenever they can get them. Although as a canned product not ranking as high as the red, the king, or the coho, pink salmon is a delicious article, palatable, very nutritious, and thoroughly wholesome in every way. As a food product its place is now established and in the future it will only increase in popularity. When fresh and directly from the sea it is, next to the king, generally regarded as the best of all the salmons as a fresh fish. Asa salted fish also it ranks high, and salted humpback bellies are esteemed a great delicacy. This fish, however, does not keep well in the fresh state, the flesh becoming soft soon after the fish is taken out of the water and becoming tainted in forty-eight hours or less, even in the cool climate of Alaska. By the time the fish has reached the spawning beds or even the mouths of the rivers, its flesh has lost most of the oil it had and is then almost worthless as food. Only when caught some time before it would have entered the streams is it fit for food. The catch of humpbacks in 1906 was second in value only to the red salmon. In that year the total number of humpback salmon utilized in the Alaskan fisheries, as given by the Alaska salmon agents, was 7,707,999. The bulk of these were canned, though many were utilized in other ways, as fresh, salted, etc. Reducing the entire catch to the basis of canned salmon, the total. product for 1906 equaled 357,428 cases which, at average current prices, was valued at $1,061,463. THe BEGINNING AND ENDING OF CoMMERCIAL FISHING FoR HumMPpBACK SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING STATIONS IN ALAsKA, 1900 anp 1904-1906. Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in order more clearly to locate the streams. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for some time before the cannery men were able to fish the stream, and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run. | 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. Waters. ’ Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing _ began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— Bering Sea. | INS 2 alls Aye ee ere ree ee See SS a ees lee June 8} Aug. 6/ June 19 | June 30 | June 16; Aug. 4 WOO EU IV.C Tiers tore see Oo Maire Re ae a Gate Neocon cee a Oe eS eet meen ne ea ane eh |e erga July — IRS yICH ABR eTe: ae soe te ieee ee July 15} July 25 | June 21 | Aug. 5/ June 26} July 26 | June 20 | Aug. 7 INaikeiekehInviererc ees Sh oc aia aoe 3 See 3 July 23 | July 28 | July 1} Aug. 2/ June 14} July 30 | June 21! July 31 Central Alaska. | | Chignik Lagoon and River..............--- lehtikyieg 2a) Ne 19. hme nt Onl Auger $4 ate ey | | Koga kelislia cise Kecprl lene 20 oo oa eee sale bins es North Arm, Prince of Wales Island: - ------..-.----------|----------|---------- ae Eedevics See July 13 Sept. 8 Seat Agi: : 2 se. 2 Se nn ese eas Ste ee ae a ee ree eee ae Keegan Stream, Prince of Wales Island-..---.------- ee Pee pores eaase eect PSS July 11) Sept. 6 Oid Johuson Stream, Prince of Wales Island... - -- .|:---------]------- ---]--=--+-22-|-==2----=- | July 13) Sept. 3 Nichols Passage— | Blank inlet, Gravina Island. ...—..----=-+--------.-+---|=-=-=-----|--==2- -- bn na Aug. 2) Aug. 29 Tam, Annette isiand,<.--...-.--22---2 262-222 525-2-25-- |.---------|----------]----------|--=------- _Aug. 7 Sept. 3 Tamgass Harbor, Annette Island ---------.--- ee piers Pena Ree Pate Sere ee ets lop ee aoe Aug. 4/ Aug. 29 Nadzaeer, Annette Island......-.....-----------------------|---------+ ----------/----- 22-22-2227 --+-- Sept. 7 | Sept. 12 Revillagigedo Channel: Gesne Inlet, Revillagigedo Island ---..-.-.--- Ue POR AL SOMERS ee AS Rees bees Sima pape te i July 6) Sept. 1 Nancy Haines (7) ..__-. --_--------- SEN oe ee se ks ee ah ee ee ete ee ere a ete ee Sept. 14 Sept. 19 Binks Walshtad o o ad ae er Aug. 11 | Aug. 18 a 1897, July 17 to August 7; 1899, July 14 to September 13; 1900, July 21 to September 17. 5 1897, July 23 to August 2. 29. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon; King Salmon; Quinnat Salmon. (Pl. xx1x and xxx.) ~ The chinook salmon is called king salmon or spring salmon in Alaska; spring or chinook salmon on Fraser River and Puget Sound; chinook, royal chinook, quinnat, or Columbia River salmon on the Colum- bia River. and Sacramento salmon in California. Where the Chinook jargon is spoken it is the tyee, which meansking. Among the Russians it is called tschavitche or tschawytscha. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 945 This is a salmon of wide distribution. It occurson both coasts of the Pacific from Monterey Bay and China north into the Arctic Ocean, ascending all large streams. The most southern point on the Califor- nia coast for which we have definite records is Monterey Bay, but its southern range doubtless extends somewhat farther down the coast. There isa record, on what authority we do not know, of its occurrence in the Ventura River, 300 miles south of San Francisco. However that may be, this important salmon is not uncommon in Monterey Bay, where considerable numbers are caught in spring and summer by trolling. In the Sacramento and Columbia rivers it is the principal salmon, far outnumbering all other species. It occurs in some numbers in other streams of Oregon and Washington, and is not uncom- mon in Puget Sound. It runs somewhat sparingly in the larger streams of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, particularly the Fraser, Skena, Nass, Stikine, and Taku. Throughout Southeast Alaska the king salmon is probably not uncommon, although the catch has not been considerable until recently. It is said that this fish can be taken by trolling any month in the year about Admiralty Island, particularly in the vicinity of Killisnoo. In 1905 and again in 1906 it was par- ticularly common about Ketchikan and in Tongass Narrows, where it was taken inseines. It isalso taken near Chilkat and Chilkoot. Usually the king salmon make their appearance at the time of the run of the herring, upon which they largely feed, and they follow up the smelt also, being found wherever that species occursin numbers. The principal river in Southeast Alaska into which the king salmon run is the Taku, and the salmon taken in the various places mentioned above probably enter that stream for spawn- ing purposes. In 1906, from July 15 to 20, 100 king salmon were taken in gill-nets operated by an Indian in the vicinity of Burroughs Bay. They were all very large, some of them reaching a weight of 89 pounds. It is said they can be taken in that locality as early as May 15. Usually the Wrangell cannery counts on getting 4,000 to 8,000 king salmon from the Stikine River each year. In 1897, 350 king salmon averaging 16 pounds each were salted at Killisnoo. In Copper River, which flows into Prince William Sound, and the larger streams tributary to Cook Inlet, there is a considerable run of king salmon. They are said not to run in Alitak Bay, on Kodiak Island. They are, however, taken at Karluk. and other places on Kodiak Island and also on Afognak Island and the islands of the Alaskan Peninsula, though at no place in any abundance. In Nelson Lagoon, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 15. They continued torun until July 18, July 1 to 18 being the height oftheseason. The fish caught there ran 15 to the barrel. In the Ugashik River, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 4. The king, red, and dog usually come together. The run of that season, as for five seasons past, was poor. The king salmon occurs, though not abundantly, in the Nushagak River. In 1906 it was first seen on June 7, and the run for the year was greater than usual and the fish were larger. Small king salmon are here sometimes put up under coho labels. They also occur in considerable numbers in the Yukon. Important fisheries supplying the local demand are operated at Dawson, Eagle City, and Rampart. Rampart is 900 miles above the mouth of the Yukon, and the run was on at that place September 10. Several were taken, each weighing 20 poundsor more. They were full of spawn. Late in July king salmon have become common in the upper Yukon beyond the boundary, being found in the middle and lower watersa month earlier. During the summer of 1897 a number of fishermen employed gill-nets at Dawson, Northwest Territory, readily taking king salmon of large size. Many fish were found weighing 40 pounds and over, and the prices received for them were so high as to make the business quite profitable. This point is 1,300 miles from the sea. They are said to run up the river at least as far as Caribou Crossing, 2,000 miles from the sea. Mr. Hess found them in China Slough of the Tanana for seven to nine days toward the end of July and in the Tanana itself for three weeks. On July 14, 1904, he observed the first king salmon at the Central Telegraph Station on Goodpaster River, 63 miles below its head. They are said to go 25 miles farther up this stream and to be very abundant later in the season. Nelson says (1887): This species is taken along the shores of Norton Sound immediately after the ice disappears in spring, my earliest date being June 6, 1877. On the lower Yukon, up, at least, to Anvik, the largest of these salmon run during the few days just preceding and following the breaking up of the ice and thence on to the end of the season they decrease gradually in size and quality. * * * At Anvik they begin running about the 12th of June and the season is virtually over by the middle of July. 1 was told that one example was taken at Anvik that weighed 140 pounds and that they sometimes weigh a third more than that. 246 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. M.. Nelson does not regard this information as reliable. Mr. V. L. Derby in a letter dated January 19, 1907, reports that “a few king salmon rounded Point Barrow and entered the lagoons at Pargneck, the shooting station, in the spring of 1906. The natives caught a few in the fall of 1905 and summer of 1906.”’ One was seen by us at the cannery at Wrangell July 13, among many hundred humpbacks. A few were seen in the Taku Inlet cannery July 14. Two (1 male and 1 female) were examined at Pyramid Harbor, July 15. The male was 28 inches long and weighed 8 pounds; the female was 40.5 inches long and weighed 28 pounds. A female seen at the Dundas Bay cannery July 24.was 34 inches long and weighed 17 pounds. The eggs of this fish were very immature. King salmon weighing 35 to 40 pounds were caught in sea-otter nets off Montague Island in December, 1894, and January, 1895. Mr. Rutter saw one at Karluk that was 50 inches long and weighed 60.5 pounds. A female 2 feet 9 inches long, weighing 13 pounds and nearly ripe, was seined at Karluk August 4. Mr. A. B. Alexander saw one in 1888 in Nushagak that weighed 85 pounds. On July 18, 1900, Mr. Kutchin saw one at Kasilof which weighed 77 pounds. Dr. Tarleton H. Bean says in “The Alaskan Salmon and Their Allies:”’ Individuals weighing over 100 pounds are on record. At St. Paul, Kodiak, Mr. B. G. McIntyre weighed one which registered 87.5 pounds without its vicera, and the entire fish must have exceeded 100 pounds. Capt. William Kohl has recently told me that he once obtained reliable information in Cook Inlet of a salmon weighing about 140 pounds, and individuals of equal size are reported in the Yukon. Mr. John N. Cobb has a record of one weighing 77 and two others each of 75 pounds, taken by trolling near Ketchikan in 1905, and one of 47 pounds taken at Juneau in 1906. He gives also the following information regarding fish from Bristol Bay: WEIGHT AND MEASUREMENTS OF 51 KinGc SALMON EXAMINED AT THREE Bristot Bay LOCALITIES IN 1906. ae Length. Weight. | Total Locality and date. ber ex- Sex. | : Sra / ae el a ee ee 5 : | Maxi- Mini- Maxi- | Mini- | ber ex-| length. | weight. amined. ‘mum. mum. pAversee ee “Average. ber © i & & “a aoe > ae Lae Bat oe ce” ee | | i | inches Inches. Inches. | Lbs | Lbs | Pounds | | Inches. | Pounds. ae i8| ¢ | 43 33.00 | 39.722 | 34| 14.0] 25.516 | | i agen me hoedes ee { 38 $ | 4 26.50) 38508) 39| 75| 25.985 4 48) 39-260) 25.369 Nushagak River (July 19)..- 2 oh 38 = 34.00 36.000 | 21 14.0 17.500 2 36.000 17.500 Wood River (July 19)---.-.-- 2S ea fo: ' 34 29.75 31.666 | 15 10.0 12.333) |' 3| 31.666 12.333 Bean (1882) records this salmon from Kasilof River, Cook Inlet, and from the Yukon. Gilbert says (1895) that at Departure Bay, May 10-18, 1890, young individuals were feeding on the herring (C. pallasii) and a number were taken on the trolling line. He says further: At Unalaska, May 24-27, 1890, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were seen. A small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captains Harbor was full of young salmon of this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly greedily. June 3, at the mounth of the Nushagak River, Bristol Bay, an occasional individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short time before our visit. On June 16 they were running abundantly at Unalaska, but they were not seen on later visits at this point or at Port Méller. It is worthy of note that their period of greatest abun- dance coincided in time with that of the herring, and their approach to the coast may be determined by the movements of the latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California, seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies. The following notes have been furnished by Mr. John N. Cobb: Considerable numbers are taken on hand-lines bated with herring on the herring grounds on the northern side of Kuiu Island. It is said that young king salmon 10 to 12 inches long can be taken in October on hand-lines from the wharves at Killisnoo. The Indians take large numbers of small kings in Florence Bay. A few are taken in gill-nets (9.5 inch mesh) at Orca, where they are packed with ae red salmon. A few are obtained each year in the Copper River delta, where the run begins about May 6. King salmon are found in many of the rivers of Alaska during the breeding season, being most abun- dant, so far as known, in the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Nushagak, Kvichak, and Ugashik. The rest of the year they are found scattered pretty much all over the straits, sounds, and bays of Southeast Alaska, THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 247 and it is possible they might be found in other portions of Alaska at this season were they to be fished for. At this time they are feeding upon the herring, and, in Southeast Alaska, are especially abundant in the vicinity of Point Comano on Cleveland Peninsula, and in Seymour Canal, Taku Inlet, and Gas- tineau Channel. It is said that there was a run of king salmon in Snug Harbor, Tenakee Inlet, in the fall of 1905 and the spring of 1906, which was the first seen there for several years. The season of 1905 witnessed the inception of a new branch of the salmon industry. About the middle of January king salmon were observed in the vicinity of Ketchikan, but it was not until January 23 that the first fish was brought to that place. News of a large run of fish having spread, there were soon a number of whites and Indians out in canoes catching the kings, which they located by watching the gulls, which would gather over the herring schools upon which the kings were feeding. As the herring were in shoal water, nets could be used in but few places, so trolling lines were brought into use. At first herring bait was employed, but it was soon discovered that a nickel trolling spoon would answer the purpose just as well. The vicinity of Point Comano and Point Stewart seemed to be favorite resorts for the fish, but they were to be found almost everywhere within a radius of 50 miles from Ketchikan. Several firms in Ketchikan early saw the possibilities of the business and soon had out steamers and launches collecting the fish from the fishing boats. Upon reaching Ketchikan they were packed in ice and shipped to Puget Sound ports. The fish averaged 25 pounds in weight. One was caught which weighed 77 pounds, while several were brought in which weighed 75 pounds each. About 25 per cent of the catch consisted of white-meated fish and 75 per cent of red-meated. For the former the fishermen were paid 25 cents each and for the latter 50 cents each. During the run, which lasted until May 18th, 271,644 pounds, valued at $15,600, were shipped. A considerable quantity was also cured by the Indians for their own use, while some were consumed locally by the whites. The Ketchikan dealers state that the king salmon were very delicate and would not stand such handling as a red salmon will, and at first many of them had to be classed as second-grade fish on account of being bruised in killing by the Indians. For years the Indians have been catching kings in winter for their own consumption. In 1905 the run was unusually large. It was much smaller in 1906, in the vicinity of Ketchikan, at least. The preparation of mild-cured king salmon in Alaska has been carried on for some years. Up to the year 1906 only spawning fish were so treated, but the big run in the neighborhood of Ketchikan during the winter of 1905 attracted the attention of Puget Sound salters, and this year there were a number of plants in operation, some of which handled the feeding fish. In May and June the Juneau and Douglas dealers paid 75 cents each for all red-meated kings weighing over 17 pounds, 35 cents for all under 17 pounds, and 20-cents for white-meated kings of any weight. These dealers estimated that there were about 7 white-meated kings to every 100 red-meated fish. The largest king handled at Juneau weighed 47 pounds, while by far the greater part ran over 17 pounds in weight. Tierces holding 800 pounds were used and about 50 fish were required to fill a tierce. In curing, the head was taken off and the entrails removed. The fish was then split down the middle and the backbone taken out, thus leaving the fish in two halves. After the blood vessels were scraped out the fish were put into ice water for about thirty minutes and then salted down in the tierces with fine (dairy) salt. The number of king salmon required to the case (of 48 one-pound cans) varies somewhat, as shown by the following figures: Orca, 4.2 fish to the case; Dundas Bay, 4.5; Pyramid Harbor, 3.5; Taku, 2.8; Nushagak, 3; Kvichak River, 2.7; Naknek River, 5; Yes Bay, 2.5; Cook Inlet, 3.5; Kenai, 2.7; Kas- ilof, 3; Odiak, 4.5. Of the places mentioned, the largest fish appear to come to the Yes Bay cannery and the smallest to Naknek River. Too much credence, however, should not be given these figures. A very curious and interesting fact has been noticed regarding the color of the flesh of the king salmon. In some individuals the flesh is red, in others white. In Columbia River fish it is usually that rich red or salmon color which is so highly prized, although even in that river a certain percent- age of the fish are white-meated. In Alaska apparently a somewhat larger percentage are white- meated. Of 3,232 cases put up at Pyramid Harbor, 977 were white; of 4,375 cases at Taku, 1,225 were white or pink. These figures indicate that about 42 per cent of Alaska king.salmon are white-meated. This, of course, keeps the commercial value of the fish from being what it otherwise would be. As already stated, the king salmon of Southeast Alaska are taken chiefly by trolling. Considerable numbers, however, are taken in gillnets at Port Snettisham, Wrangell Narrows, Point Highfield, Pyramid Harbor, Taku, Kenai, Kasilof, and elsewhere. The gillnets used in this fishery are usually 9.5-inch mesh. In some places it is 8.5, 9, or 9.25. The nets vary from 50 to 250 fathoms long and from 20 to 30 meshes deep. The king salmon is the least abundant of the five species found in Alaska. Commercially it ranks as the least important. The catch of 1906 was 267,387 fish, and the pack 60,357 cases valued at about $223 ,286. The future development of the king salmon fishery in Alaska will be in the large streams to the north- ward, particularly in those tributary to Bering Sea. It is probable that methods of conducting the fishery will be developed which will, in spite of the short season and other unfavorable conditions, per- mit large catches to be made in such streams as the Yukon and Kuskokwim. 248 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tue BEGINNING AND ENDING or ComMERCIAL FisHING FoR Kine SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING STATIONS IN ALASKA, 1904-1906. Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been employed in order more clearly to identify the stream. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for sometime before the cannery men were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run. | 1904. Waters. Fishing | Fishing began— | ended— Bering Sea. Nushapak Bay @.. 222-2222 422920 2225. oe ee eee June 8} Aug. 3 ipushik River.) 205. 5.25255 ee ee on oe ee June 12 | June 27 K yiehak River 0. <2: 6 ee ee ee eee June 21} Aug. 3 Naknek Biyer ¢: 22250022002 oe ee ee eo ee ee June 22 | Aug. 2 Upanintk: River@ <2 s 305226 seo se Pa. co = cee = 2h Shoe eee eee June 26| Aug. 1 Ugaguk Rivet ss2 2.2222 5.0226 4 etek nbs 52s 2 2 Sees ee eee eee Nelsons Dagoon. = .-- 50252. 2.2 2s 25 ee ee a ee eee Central Alaska. Chisnik iaeoon and Rivers: 5225552 2s ee ee ee June 8 | Aug. 8 Rogink toning? Kerli! 2. oc aco Se ee ee ee ee June 6| July 15 Cok tlet PRaSUBT) Foo Eee Le er ee May 27| Aug. 4 Prince William Sound: Ghemese Sarena ies ke oe ee eee ee ee July 2 | July 30 Bally Hole. 2 ss oe ee Se eee ps | ceed erty ¢ eh Miners Rivet. s. 2.6225) ee ee ae ee agaeres (Cc ees eee (| ee Byak lake and Rivers. <2 252 ibe. Ses a ee EE ee ee Copper River 6: . 2. 2S <523 ete eee ee er nel ee eee Peie Dahil Slowest 2c. oi ae ee a ee ee eee ae May 6] July 15 Gus Wailson Sloueiiss Jes ho Ae Soe ee eee ee ee ae a ee Se eee Castle Sloughhic = .34h 32 252 ass See ce tees Soe SR eae eee eee Peter Wathaila Slonph: = oo 2 eee ee eee ee ee May 6 | June 30 G. Stevens Sloupit. 2: 2 22 eee ee ae ee eee Use ee do Martin River 2535284 ht 52 a ee eee eee (.2.2d02-.1- July. 0 Littie River: =. Se 2052 cee 5. eee a es ee es re ed ae ae nate ian Wats. oot see6s 3 oc Soe ee eee May 6] July 25 [5 | 2a 3771 gape Ronee Ne OER, Sih gl Sey STs a Ne ed spel ¢ [i er [et do - pnd POMIE: -5 2 3355.5 - see see eee ee ee eee ane eel ee eee Ghulkad River - $2. 220. 222 e sees 2 a a Se ee eee June 1/| July 10 Southeast Alaska. | dey: Strait: Pleasant Island's: «9: 4.4.2 of jscehecesass Pee 2 el Sens ee eee Wy nam Ceara es ee OS a ee ee eee ne June 15 | Sept. 15 Critkoot, inlet and Rivers eo kas oe ne ee ee June 20 | Sept. 17 Ghilkat inlet and Bayerss 020 es se ee ee ee eee June 4! July 20 Pee Harber 223222 205. Soles cba ee ee Eee May 20 | Sept. 7 Renn Cove: 2.23 33. cc5 2s os ae oh ae Sek ie ee ee ed eee IE MSA 2S oa oak were a be a i ee ee ee May 6/| Sept. 7 Bouts TAMBSES 50285 A es ke ee ee eae tes (eee meee Chatham Strait: Funter Bay, Admiralty Island--............._- June 1 | Sept. 15 StGPHEES: PASSAPE. oo S552. oS ts Bene eee ee ee May 14] Sept. 7 Ge beat TN Pee So ak See ERS Oe SS eee ee May. 6 |...-do-.- Por) Suetnmshsm 2 jo lo26 ts. oe ee eee July 4] Aug. 4 Seymour Canal......- Be ecient tossed Seatac ee ce oe See eee eee eee eee Wrangell Strait: Petersburg Creek, Mitkof Island... ...--.. 2222) 22 2. 224 2. Ies- 222-58 poiakctaes SE yer Fe 22 See ee orn te ee ee ea ae | | cay le ee Clarence Strait: Eagle Creek, Prince of Wales Island. -.........----:-2.2-.-.- July 5 | Sept. 4 Ernest Sound— Pomt Warde, Cleveland Peninsula 2.5. 23ers ee Annan Creek, Cleveland Peninsula: 2. eee. fos as eee Behm Canal— Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula................|.....-..-.|...--.---- Tongass Narrows— Ketchikan Creek, Revillagigedo Island*.|_.........|.......--- 21900, June 12 to July 22. 61900, June 23 to July 25. €1900, June 18 to July 25. 421900, June 18 to June 29 €1900, June 5 to June 28. f 1896, May 25 to June 25; 1897, May 26 to July 27; 1900, June 1 to July 10. 91890, May 5 to June 30; 1891, April 27 to June 30; 1892, cannery closed; 1893, May 2 to June 30; 1894, May 11 to June 30; 1895, May 15to June 29; 1896, May 15 to June 30; 1897, May 10 to June 30. h 1898, June 10 to July 10. 71896, May 25 to June 25; 1897, May 28 to June 28; 1900, May 8 to June 26. j1896, May 15 to June 22; 1897, May 15 to June 22; 1900, March 14 to June 28. k1892, July 15 to September 1. 1905. 1906. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began— | ended— | began— | ended— June 1} July 1] June 5] Aug. 3 Jane. 15 | Jime:20 |... 5.26. June 13} Aug. 2/{| June 20] Aug. 7 June 14 | July 30 | June 21] July 31 June 13 | July 28 | June 18 Do. BS Opes es |W pe Saar oe June 16 | July 25 Sune kt | eee June 15 | July 24 ‘Sune 6| July 14) June 2| July 7 May 25/| July 13| June 3) Aug. 13 seeeepegesf ove Mae 4 ely oD May, 15 | July 25 |.---doz-|. Do. Seg uel (ore Mee Em bee do. Do. Ea AT Sk Heecae eed L 2. 2do0 -2.| July. 12 ape aI a ell wy A ke 325200'282)) Des SAD ehs Si= ORE 5 SNA os .. = { BL | 9 -| 29,:75| 22.75 | 26.82-| 11.00} 5.00 7. 66 \ 105; 27.34 S02 Hunter Bay (Nutkwa 49} o | 30.50] 24.00 27.67 | 12.00] 5.00 9.11 100 710 8.71 SHigsion ee ene Bi | 9 | 29:50) 23.95} 26.54] 11.50] 5.00 8.31 Te ee ee ee ieee | SE0N00) 23100" 261.46 12: 005) 4.0 7.88 | piu {sap @ | 29.00] 24.00] 27.50] 11.00| 6.00 8. 67 \ 22) 26.81 8.09 ae | 33.00 | 27,00:) 90,75 | 11.75| 8.25 9. 62 |) Pee Oe a aoe =? 2 aatt { Til) 0) | 29:00)| 26.75 - 97.58 | 1825 | 7.00 RSGolfe LE a8: 82 eae Namietmdon kel eS 2| g | 22.50| 21.50| 2200] 425) 3.00 3. 63 Silk ne ee RantaBays ot. e. Dime e655) |) 2c 65018 7200 700 7.00 2, okie aie Saree Dundas Baya. ca: do. « { 2 g oe ne Ue a ceesese oy \ 8 |e onile 8.13 aoe TL eee Rm as Se BOGS ieee ene. 12. 50 Chignmile Bays ge). -2 22 -82-: { oe eee Sr pec eal aaa sf \ 2| 29.06 11. 25 250 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. As a food fish the coho occupies a high rank. The flesh is less firm than that of the red salmon and the scales fall off more readily when the fish is handled; and the flesh is rather pale in color, not pos- sessing the deep red hue of the red salmon and the choice chinook. The flavor of the flesh, however, is excellent, and only the pale color keeps it from ranking with the best. The canners usually pay to the fishermen the same price for the cohos that they pay for reds. The coho is canned as ‘“‘coho” or ‘‘medium red.’’ The first of these names is entirely proper and appropriate, as is also the second, unless possibly it might be objected to as suggesting that the contents of the can is really the red or sockeye salmon of a color somewhat less red than usual. To the trade, however, these two names have come to have a definite and well-understood meaning. They are not, so far as we are informed, ever applied to any other species, and we regard them as wholly satisfactory trade names. Commercially the coho is at present, next to the king, the least important of the 5 species found in Alaska. In 1906 the total catch was 984,804 fish, yielding 113,054 cases, valued at $392,251. Ture BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHo SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING StaTions IN ALAsKA, 1900 AnD 1904-1906. r NotTe.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing station isin the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in order to locate the stream more clearly. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for some time before the cannery men were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the season. 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. aa. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— F PE Peet Teen ei ae pi, ae soa edt eS eee ee |e Soa oo Bering Sea. | | | fons ieisiiaestke Beggs fs oe 1 bee | June 21 | July 24/ June 25| Aug. 4) July 10 July 30) July 11] Aug. 4 Raachak: Ravers. so3 = ee ete July 20 July 25; July 27} Aug. 3] June 17 | July 28 |....._.... Naknek aa 3p DLBoe cable co kt wr ameten Sema elle aot Pas esr [Rese es See sew eee cre 5a aoe ee (a) Ugaeuk iver. coo o soe sei ee ee es eee aes | rein iis fe oes as sot Be a ae eee a) (a) Weizsink Hivet. Se see Sdn reece es eee ee eee eee ae, reese tT June 15 | July 26 |...-.....- Central Alaska. | ‘| Chignik ee dud River:¢2 9330) sv Ave: i) Mae de eee | iii, i al Stele hepa Ute eas nex So ee Kodiak Island: | Ror Ht 5) A ak is ager a eke | Aug. 25 | Sept. 21 | Aug. 21 | Sept. 30 | July 22 | Sept. 25 | Aug. 13 | Sept. 12 Altiate Bays 455 2282 to) es ee ae ie ge eee Ree capi Aug. 27 | Sept. 3 | Aug. 22 | Aug. 27| Aug. 7| Sept. 2 Cook Inlet (KAS of 2 ee ee ee eae | Daly 1 | Aue) | Maye27 Ads as eS ee | July 16 | Aug. i3 Prince William Sound 6.................... Het Ce Sete aie |a Se ect wetihe oe ax oe Ee |emaa aw Se Meee cote ic See ee { | | Southeast Alaska. | | : | | | VWitkotat Bay 26522 asco eee Pe wit [ect ae | “Ana 29)°|' Aves e ZONE ios. ee al ears ee ore aeeea ae Srétie ebverics. Sse os eee yk a kn en le ee ee do...| Oct. 2 | Aug. 27 | Sept. 27 | Aug. 22 | Sept. 25 ‘Antic BaAverscs os ok IR ok aes rapes Aug. 30 | Sept. 29 |. Aug. 29 | Sept. 29 |....do_.. Do. ABKAW SIGUE 255-5 o.26 22h se oo ee ed ee ee ee Aug. 27 | Sept. 12 | Aug. 21 | Sept. 14 | Aug. 14 | Sept. 15 Alirnelinaver lo oe tet ees: em nana ees eee ell negroes ne Aug. 30 | Oct. 3] Aug. 27 | Sept. 27 | Sept. 1 | Sept. 13 Alirutdiad Slompas oh oe eae open ee mega) We Ue aaa oie wipe coca Sept. 14'| Sept.26 |-22.-.05. AG eee ey Ve SNe alte pe tae eg pede ee er ee Soe mlb Sea Set Hs Sine eee AUpo16 (hap: 1601. et Suree Bay \Yakowi Pslands 7230 Sse edad See ob Seer eae es ern ee ree July 25 |} Aug. 20 | July 25| Aug. 11 Tskanis Day,y seo island. 22 25S oo alae us bee Te ee mee ct rel oi okey July 29 | Aug. 27 | Aug. 11 Do. Cape Edward, off Chicagol island S222 92.18 7 ee a oh ee atte ieee ea ate are Ae 20 Ais. 2a ee Portlock Harbor, Caicacol Islande soe ens ee edhe See renee ee I eae ee Aug. 10 | Aug. 10 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 25 Cross, Sound: "Taylor Bays. so a a Re eh arnt Ne cesta cae AUG 2, | AUS. 27 4s eee ae Lisianski an ins hs me Be ee a See A Si ae are AS | ee ae ee pL a See July 31} July 31 RocHbAReING (1) 02225 bo Sh ss Soe eA SOD ee A ek ere 1 es epee Aug. 6" pass 13 eee aes : POLCHPINE (7) 2 Fas 2S Sek cere ee See ee eet ees Sn eee See Sse oleae pears Aug. 13 | Aug. 27 | Sept. 3} Sept. 3 cy Strait: | Mundas Bay oe ee OS ae ee Ape Rett eres cee 2 One aL ae nee |....do...; Sept. 13 | Sept. 5 | Sept. 17 Glacier Bay—Bartlett Bay............. Aug. 20 | ol 5) 0 Fev Od WS aloe, a eee Ih ah es | Aug. 26 | Sept. 11 | Aug. 28 | Sept. 19 Picasant island ose: S25: eg sed ote tos eee [eee ee “...| June 15 | Oct. 8} June 22 | Sept. 9 | July 6) Sept. 13 I XCUISIOM Webs cosas ee es ee ee Se ee ERAS ae ame es S| i ete lesa Ae ee i Sbeeer cee Sept. 8 | Sept. 20 : zou Frederick, Chichagof Island.......).......... / Le eS eee et Feige g age ar [Sas ee ae pee | Be 5 yin Cana so che east eheasosa eee e tee ee ore ee ese une 25 Uy pad to legge Sa | 2 ene uly 27 | Sept. 23 Ciniikootunlet 2nd Hiver 23.522 coeea|i oe eee ete eee June 20)| (Sept. 17 | 22. 2-222- aed ele ss Balch And Biver oa o} 224 03. cos uls are edhe eee Aug. 23 | Sept. 23 ane 20 | gabe 15 : une 29 | Sept. 22 Bagle Riversis setoc 2. 55 des noes scl aaahey Ao leh ee ee eh ee eee ae | July. 15,|.2. dol JnlyaeasSepe. 3 Lenn COyes onset os oan rock catia ee ol oe eee ee ee aes ee | eee = Jaly 1 | ’Sept. 15a ee POmt LOUise so esos eee de eS ee IAG I, Pe A |) eee oa ee [ae aes 8 seta Pol ae GOe slot ee ee Agk BAG: Goce o et oe eee ces ee Pe ROC Oe Peete oo poet ee Aaago1b cid cela tates a Run too late. 61891, August 4 to September 14. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 251 THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHO SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING Stations In AuAska, 1900 anv 1904-1906—Continued. 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. | Waters. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— Southeast Alaska—Continued. Chatham Strait: | Hunter Bay, Adnuraltyeislande as ssoes\esteses: elenesdances June 1 | Sept. 15 | July 11 | Sept.16 | July 4] Sept. 5 Freshwater Bay, Chichagof Island.....|........--|---------- Ditty ——a PANU epee ceils ae (gee eecesce Basket-bay, Chichagot Islands. \seascea| 282556 s|sac2ccsee- Is N ANN eeee E)I ee wvasc' es eae ek aes TES rAig Git JESU Ss gc See ee ie ee a een hel (open ae ee ee Auge 300 Oete ih sees2e5-5 2 INorbiwe Atma: peutic amd eels ee eee eee ei AUIS 28h Spied Lomein moses lian oe cela tal: Aug. 15 | Sept. 20 South Arm, Kuiu Island......,...- PSC Allyn PANO aati Oetrege ery ayn pees aed toes | pele ake El 8 2 do...| Sept. 15 Tebenkof Bay—Kuiu Bay, Kuiu isla ri eran neu leee Merete 8 Gal a Aug. 30 | Sept. 30 |....do-..-.| Sept. 20 SLEWHEN Se EASA eee ere ee at a eae eee Cunt Ree ah Ss rare crave ae Jimllys Zo "Sept. 71) Aes lb) | Septs db: es. 522. - MRS Ct rears es hee eh Ss fects aterce PANE sapien MO Ct sp halys |Past sages Ale Sete See CKO eal rriaO KO) asl rs ZOTEROTME GELS Maier ene eevee ete eran. = Reena ra ale es cine cesarean See icle ccisee aoellvcise do. Hud Olieall erates Sey TMU CAMs § Sa sess seco ads ore seel WE teste lesen epeerca | aaa 7 Pes gre aac Cae eS |e July — | Sept. — Frederick Sound: SA einai Daye Kountilislandmay secs case chee och esol Peco clanee s\lscccesce- cllecsneeec es Auiee 238’ OCtwe 2: | henaeees. Hamilton Bay, Kupreanof Island.-.....|..........|----.--.--- NTP RE ZO TSE Pilten oi aera oe mel acne ee ce Se Portage Bay, upreanof Island... :- 2c)... 42. 5.|.-...25-:< ATU Fe St EAL Se a, OW emer See tieecl en Ses el eas en te Clore laid pees SiG paeeters ey nt arene em men LER en uek | memes x ais ea ere ee A ee he See Soe July 17 | Aug. 27 TG TSUUS HERES SSS SHS Orr eae Seay Bice tees ore eae ees pi Be hp ers ate peecre (en AID O Cis yu laste ae Wrangell Strait: Petersburg Creek, Mitkof Island.......|.........-|..------.- July 29 | Sept.16 | Aug. 5| Sept. 9 | Aug. 1 | Sept. 13 Bhindseomiye ikon lamahi itt ssce 2 treme we ee ee es ee yoo July 1) Oct. 15) Aug. 14 | Sept. 10 DuncamiCanal- kKeapreanot Islands 5.22255. -|2 2252-55) al-c22222 July 28 | Sept. 17 | Aug. 8 | Sept. 9 | July 27 | Aug. 25 Sea Otter Sound: | Mixekan yy erince Oh Wales islamdas | =8| 2s fee.sce - 5 Sciences alee eres oc oc cleat cee clok tek wae cahees eeleec ce | Aug. 25 | Sept. 1 Tokheni Stream, Kosciusco Island.....|..........|---------- Sept. 1] Sept. 11 | Sept. 15 | Sept. 15 |.......... Iphigenia Bay: Warm Chuck, Heceta IWenaGl a ss bacese es cote See Rr es Ges o RGREE IEEE ote eee tal A ae eet Renee |e Ree ae Aug. 29 | Sept. 14 Aug. 21 Sept. 3 Tonowek Bay: | Sarkar, Prince of Wales Island......... Aug. 14/ Sept. 16 | July 15 | Sept. 24 | July 10) Sept. 16 | Aug. 28 | Sept. 1 Neihiaikeanye rim ecerolmWalesprslecim cay capi sien pep co) Speen ee sila Ae Nel ae oR aS oh oe ees eee Aug. 29 | Sept. 5 Gulf of Esquibel: Shineha Creek, Eminee of ANN TIRSMEONG LCRA Ses ERG RE Be A tice OTL cit, = Aree ey ee oe 8 eae S| ae ee ee (ee | Sept. 19 | Sept. 19 San Alberti Bay: | Stayne Chuck, Prince of Wales Is- GHA CO Ss Ae BATE cS ASAE mE a cieebaea Ire 2 emt ky [et ys Dara eg Sept. L|FOck 8) Auge liz Septisdsa ee 2ee ee Klawak Inlet, Prince of Wales Island..| Aug. 14 | Sept. 24 | Aug. 26 |....do...| Aug. 24 | Sept. 14 | Sept. 1) Sept. 26 Soda Harbor, Prince of Wales Island. .|}..........|.......-.- DEP Uses OU SCD ti 24 eee yee ee eran els dors. Do. Big Harbor, Prince of Wales Island....|.......-..|...------- Aug. 31 | Sept. 23 | Aug. 22 | Sept. 14 |....do Do. Cordova Bay: Sukkwan, Prince of Wales Island......|..........|.........- ON OFM fall PSE) OES |e ieee, Cate eee eee a S=dor Do. Eletias se rince Or VWalesvisland 2-5 o.oo jee. clocsnccee as Aug. 27 | Sept. 24 | Aug. 29 | Sept. 14 |.........- Nutkeva Inlet, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|...----.-- RSTO) Oe it MSY 8 6c 2A Sp ane ne Ue Hunter Bay, Prince of Wales Island...|..........|.......... JN ah ie sy) Nol alr’ |) WS jows alts | SAE eS see Sumner Strait: Shipley Bay, Kosciusko VUSS USN aN IR sa mrs Sa a ae | ae A NS Sth SEDI pe baal ayia Baio | Meee arse Aug. 21 Sept. 3 Seclustonvearbor) Kean Mslamdios. 222 oie eee sete ee Sepia wan sepe IseiSepia | Sepi-y 8) basses n- | O@ksya Passe enidelslandhG?) tee eeise ose el cick a Aug. 28 | Sept. 15 | Aug. 23 | Oct. 2 | Aug. 10 | Sept. 30 Point Barrie Stream, KupreanofIsland.|..........|.....-..-- Aug. 3] Aug. 24| Aug. 5| Aug. 28 | July 30) Aug. 23 Movempebaye Keurpreanon Ilamde 2 =o 4seele see eee oles ee Aug. 12 | Sept. 6 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 17 | Aug. 24 Red Bay, Prince of Wales Island......- Aya yE Aas eh ee |S See genta Aug. 25 | Aug. 28 | Aug. 7| Sept. 7| Aug. 4); Aug. 31 IBN! Sioyoredok Wahaicont IiMenaGl ss ae SES Le i eee SHOU Se Ie ASS] OL re lh ee ee SNS eo a eee RSUUIPOU AS JR GIe Wes o oe ieee Soe BI es eS et Ue toe | eta eer ree July 29 | Sept. 6) July 30 Aug. 4 Zimovia Strait: | Olivens ahve say Olio shame eae ope ee eee See oe Sh BM ae ee eS ee Aug. 25! Sept. 5 | Aug. 10, Aug. 30 Thoms (old viliage) Stream, Wrangell | JESU ANG gate sae = BN At aE See, See ANE ee ie MUST OL OOD Lgl ae |= aoe oes aa laes ote leew eal a Re Aes. ol Sept. 3B Clarence Strait: Salmon Bay, Prince of Wales Island...|..........|.......... July 29 | Sept.15 | July 1) Sept. 8} July 1! Sept. 4 Hagie Creek, Prince of Wales Island... .|..-.....-.|/.--.----- Aug. 18 | Sept. 4 |....do. Sept. 27 |....do...| Sept. 6 WihtaletPassave. Prince ot Walestisland sxc eee of ie oes) eee eee ele se sce ct do. Sept. 8 |....do- Sept. 10 wake Bay, -erineeror Wallesmstamd ss: 2a) 20. 2 2 eae ee Aug. 25 | Sept. 15 | June 25 | Sept. 1 ~.O- Sept. 4 CofimaniC overderineeotiWalesslislan dirs. a ase, 56 he re eee ee etal eke are |lsiemicio ms aolls sa cumeacte ate do. Do. Valdemar Bay, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|.......-.- SOMtsm Ouse Totes Onli ase tac see ace te. alice ERI Steamer Bay, Prince of Wales Island..|..........|........-- PASH Di PACT pe iL aS hs fen ait Soph Rockye Baye senincelon Wialespisland™® - 2! as. J. 3-ssl see. 525 Aug. 1] Sept. 10 | Aug. 7] Sept..8 | July 1 Do. RAZ LAR vOre Erince Or wwalesmislandi|. sae See tse See Saeco leetaseue Vunter25) | Septal nas dos: Do. Ernest Sound— Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula). 23) 522 e052 ese ee Aug. 8/| Aug. 8] Sept. 2| Sept. 4/ July 17/ Aug. 14 Mixen) oimnbaClevelamad=Penmm sulla alec hose) eye UN pen le ea Spt es eer! Aug. 8 | Aug. 26 JEON bua OG Ed iO) a I SUE TA CP a es ek SN I i a ie 8 AC a reg ee Aug. 25 | Aug. 30 IMeneieesumleiee bit Olmawlis ain Gey eared |yeet are alii cree ie nl Sc ae, eke acl eve eee eee feiss cine Soe Sik July 25| Aug. 5 Santa Anna Bay, Cleveland Penin- SST heey ea er ae Ree Ye ep hana tena Sa ae ec Bepsae Wieieed CWE gore CURRIN ole AR Ue ee a I ane eo a Aug. 27 | Aug. 27 AnansCreek, Cleveland: Peninsula: | 2.5. .s222|<4<2- .2-2-|-.-222-22|-<--005- 52 July 1) Sept. 1| July 1) Sept. 4 JONG IES) TBI ASH CIR) ses ere Bel oP Nee es Sa Aare een a EN pr | Sept. 6 | Sept. 8 Vcc ew Acreiratet Qe) Renee ae eed ee ele el me mee Se eae el be oe ov Poe aa ce nate Sept. 11 | Sept. 16 Wn Kwyneaye CONS (CIO) et SR EE aR ae HEE eee aN ee on | Ee | ce ee! per eee Aug. 14 | Aug. 30 Sidiany Lome (7). sdassa de acts eed Sollee Gee a a calcd Se oe ce ea Slee 1 ea a a eee are | | Sept. 10 | Sept. 16 959 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tue BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHo SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING STATIONS IN ALASKA, 1900 anp 1904-1906—Continued. 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. Waters. ie Se neh See 5 aS See Fishing Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing Fishing Fishing | Fishing began— ended— | began— | ended—| began— ended— / began— | ended— / Southeast Alaska—Continued. | Clarence Strait—Continued. | Meyers Stream, Cleveland Peninsula. .|22...2...-|.22202.-2-|.-22 222.5 patina Spe aly scabgetec Piper oor | Aug. 11 Sept. 3 Thome, Bay, Prince of Wales islagd cfs. So Bae. see aa ee Ege es rere) Mets cogs tee pg a a |....40.>.) Sept..4 Kasaan Bay— : Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island-; Aug. 30 | Sept. 20 |......-..-|...-.....- [istics eS ae | oe eres ee Aug. 15 | Sept. 3 Skowl.Arm, Prinés of Wales Islan Gy. alee Behe eee ae oe pee Sis cet mee ale Aug. 4] Sept. 6 Behm Canal— Naha Stream, Revillagigedo Island.|_.........|......-.-- Jathy 15a) Sept. 1. a= 23 see dee a ee ee Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula...... Aug hl Séptnitd- sees" PRE eens Me eae ng lat og Aug. 20 | Sept. 15 Cheeais Streams .<2-22< 1 or ae Y daly 26) Senta at ests SPE Rag Ree, RC ea Rpm (Gomer Ser oo Vex i 2 Sea ea Smeaton: Bay. o.oo: & elo a eee ee fete i ed SEPE-o | SEDbS re oes, oe eels Etec a ae ee Tongass Narrows—Ward Cove, Revil- | | japipedo island | o.2 22/2. S32 ee eee July 13") Septscied=> oe ea pee eter oe jossos cre | StS eel Sihy een Sep aan Cholmondeley Sound...............-.-- Seed bois (Sone Ran re ee peace eg ac Saxe | Aug. 5| Nov. 7 | July 30} Oct. 30 Dora Bay, Prince of Wales Island. -.|._......-- TRA Tones [ee OES oe ed Peg Ney ee le Aug. 3/| Sept. 5 | July 31 | Sept. 15 Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince | OFwW alestishind:: 5228 Sere eee July 28 | Sept. 1/| July 16 Sept. 15 | July 19 Sept. 8 | June 30 | Sept. 14 Moira Sound— | / North Arm, Prince of Wales Island=] 2s. 220282)! 33 pigeon Aug. 19 | Sept. 12 | July 13 | Sept. 8 Shalelair; Prince of Wales Istand' |i. 2.4. 222 2)2 se ees 4 ee gee Aug: 25"| Sept:-'8! |:e-s2e82 2. | Browns, Prince of Wales Island... .|......2..-}.-..--22.- gee Be Pe (Ete PS eR (A oo Os ot asc eat ee: South Arm— | / ) Keegan stream, Prince of Wales | Enlai oe OY ao 2 Oak ee el ee ee Aug. 4° Sept. 2) Aug. 11 | Sept. 9 July 11) Sept. 6 Old Johnson Stream, Prince of | | Wales Ishin: 222..s20 5° ee ea ae res a pe rs Aes ee ae eee ee Bete jae ee | July 13 | Sept. 3 Nichols Passage— | / ) | Gravina Bay, Gravina Island...-..- Pete nl nies s papa ears se - Aug. 22:4 SEDts. 442 Ge = ee [i Sa oe cle es pee Bostwick Inlet, Gravina Island ....|..........|....----.- Sent. {3r| Sseites 1a eee |i Percise 52s Pon Cee Oe Hemlock Island, off Annette Tabak ee SLE Oe cee eure Age 26:4 Sept. 9 iss s3 sae eee ae) See Tain, Annette Pedanid «60. oy ame eee ee | Aug. 4)| Sept. 2} Aug. 3) Sept. 2) Aug. 8 | Sept. 15 Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island.-.....- | Sept. 4 Sept. 4) Aug. 9/| Sept.13 | Aug. 12 | Sept. 1 | July 24) Aug. 29 Nadyaeer, Annette Island............-- bie tee BR ea nce Waste) “Fe > fue eo ae eae [Se ees Sept. 7) Sept. 8 Revillagigedo Channel: | | George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island. .-.--. Jaby 25°) Sept: “Oduly 70 Septeconias sees |e x era July 6) Sept. 1 Hassler Harbor, Annette Island...-.-.-- DEN CO ay a Aup. 28:|Sept. «3 |e.5- Ses: est rigle ae eee (Sa Waney, Eades (2)'2 22 ea te a eres Ieee pee oe of a Sage el prey ete meee meet ET ee ate) je pete tes Ny! Sept. 14 | Sept. 19 Duke: Fabra ss 222 Sas ee ee Key steer Sa) Rs a Aug. 10 | Sept. 10 | Aug. 7 | Sept. 1; Aug. 8} Aug. 31 Ra SuAKeS COVE foo 5) eee le a eee ERE he eens ene \ tes oem end [bi ies a | ee Ht anes ab a | July 24) Aug. 23 Wopey Baye oAcen. ee epee ee ae | aed ae mens bode. ce Sept. 1 | SEDiis (passers bic se ER ue eae 31. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Red Salmon; Redfish; Sockeye; Blueback Salmon. (Pl. XX xINI—xXXVI.) This species also is of wide distribution. On the American coast its range extends from southern Oregon to Bering Sea. The most southern stream from which it has been reported is the Sacramento, from which it wasrecorded by Dr. Jordan in 1880, but it isnot known whether he actually examined a specimen. Jn 1899 Mr. F. M. Chamberlain, of the Bureau of Fisheries, identified a single specimen which he obtained at Baird as belonging to this species. During the very extended study of the sal- mon of the Sacramento River by Mr. Rutter, no examples were seen by him. It is certain, therefore, that if this species of salmon occurs in the Sacramento River at all it is very rare. The fishermen on the coast of Humboldt County, Cal., obtain a salmon which they call blueback or sockeye. The statistical report shows that the catch in 1899 was 21,600 pounds, and that of 1904 was 272,840 pounds. Whether these fish are really the blueback, or red, salmon is questionable. Eel River, Humboldt County, is the stream on which this fishery is located, and it has never been known as a blueback salmon stream. It is not known to have any lakes in its headwaters to which this species could resort for spawning purposes. Whether the blueback salmon occurs in it or not, therefore, must be regarded as a subject for future investigation. The same may be said regarding the Klamath River. The Columbia is the most southern river in which this species is known to run inanynumbers. For- merly, and up perhaps to about 1890, there was a considerable run in the Columbia, and important spawning beds existed in the headwaters of that river, particularly at Wallowa Lake in Oregon and the Payette lakes and the Sawtooth lakes in Idaho. A few bluebacks are seen at each of these lakes each season now, but they are only a pitiful remnant of the great schools that formerly came to them at spawn- ing time. North of the Columbia the next blueback salmon stream is the Quiniault on the coast of THE FISHES OF ALASKA. PATS Washington. At one time this was said to be an excellent blueback stream, able to supply to the In- dians of the Quiniault Reservation a large part of their food. It is said that there is still a small run here. There is also a small run in Ozette Lake, just south of Cape Flattery. Of the streams tributary to Puget Sound the only ones in which the sockeye, as this salmon is usually called in that region, is known to run are the Lake Washington system of lakes, the Skagit and, pos- sibly, the Snohomish, the Stillaguamish, and the Nooksak. The only one of these, however, in which there is any considerable run is the Skagit, which the fish ascend to reach Baker Lake for spawning purposes. Doubtless the greatest of all the sockeye streams is the Fraser River. Ever since the early days of the salmon canning industry on our western coast the Fraser has been famous for the enor- mous runs of sockeyes which ascend that great river to the lakes at its headwaters. Going northward from the Fraser we find several streams in British Columbia in which the sockeyes run in considerable numbers. The principal of these are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Naas, Lowe Inlet, Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert Bay, and Alberni Canal. It is by far the most abundant and most important salmon in British Columbia waters. In Alaska, where it is known as the redfish, red salmon, or sockeye, it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all suitable streams. In Southeast Alaska the following are the most important red salmon streams: Naha, Boca de Quadra, Yes Bay, Nowiskay, Keegan, Peter Johnson, Klawak, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay, Chilkat, Taku, Chilkoot, Karta, Thorne Bay, Stikine, etc.; in Central Alaska, Alsek, Copper, Afognak, Karluk, Alitak, Chignik, Knik, and Sushitna; in the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Naknek, Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. The red salmon is said to ascend the Yukon, at least to Caribou Crossing, but we have seen no specimens from that river and do not know whether there is any con- siderable run init. Nor do we know whether the species occurs in the Kuskokwim, the Kobuk, or any stream north of the Nushagak. On the Asiatic side the red salmon is known to occur at Bering Island and in all suitable streams south to Japan. This species of salmon is peculiar in that it rarely or never ascends a stream that has not one or more lakes at its headwaters. Its spawning beds are invariably in small streams tributary to lakes or, rarely, in the lakes themselves. No red salmon is known to have spawned in any stream not con- nected with a lake. Some have been seen occasionally in the lower part of a stream which had no lake in its course, but it is believed such individuals soon discovered their mistake and promptly returned downstream in search of the proper water. The only instances of this kind which have come under the personal observation of the senior author are the following: In August, 1903, while at Sitka, he saw a red salmon speared by an Indian in Indian River near the bridge; which, however, is only a short distance above the mouth of the stream; it is understood there is no lake in this stream. The other case is that of Gold Fork, a tributary of Payette River, Idaho. While at Payette Lake in September, 1894, he learned, on what he believes to be entirely trustworthy evidence, that red salmon are sometimes seen in the mouth of that stream, but that they soon return and ascend the main fork of the Payette, which comes from Big Payette Lake, in whose inlet there were formerly important spawning beds. The origin and significance of this peculiar habit are not known. The problem is one worthy of investigation. The red salmon is the neatest and most symmetrical of the salmon. In the sea, or when fresh run, it is clear sky blue on the back and upper part of the sides, shading to clean silvery white below and on belly. Soon after entering the river for the purpose of spawning, the color of the head changes to a rich olive, the back and sides to crimson and finally to a dark blood red, richest in the males, and the belly a dirty white. Some of the scales become dark edged and the middle of the side shows the darkest red, but unevenly. At the same time the flesh becomes spongy, the scales embedded, the back somewhat humped, and the jaws hooked and otherwise distorted. The run of the red salmon in Alaska begins usually in June; in Bering Sea and Central Alaska early in June or even in May, while in Southeast Alaska it is one to three weeks later. The earliest recorded date we have is May 6, for Eyak and the Copper River region. In Bering Sea the run is usually over by the end of July, in Central Alaska and Prince William Sound by the end of August, and in Southeast Alaska by the 10th of September or earlier. The period of the run of red salmon in different parts of Alaska, so far as the records show it, is given in the table on page 254. 254 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. THE BEGINNING AND ENDING oF CoMMERCIAL FISHING FOR RED SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING Stations In Axaska, 1900 anp 1904-1906. Note.—The iact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many instances the fishing stationisin the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in orderto locate the station more Clearly. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for some time before the cannerymen were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been secured and fishing stopped before the end of the run. June 5 | Aug. 4 June 16 | July 20 June 22 | July 27 June 20 | Aug. 7 June 21 | July 31 June 15 | July 25 June 18 | July 31 June 15 | July 24 June 7 | Aug. 14 June 15 | Sept. 13 June 7/| July 15 June 8/| July 7 July 3) Sept. 4 | ners | June 16 | July 17 July 13 | Aug. 27 ‘June 3. Aug. 13 July 20 | Aug. 20 July Aug. — July — |} Aug. — “May 12| July 30 seed oes: Do. .2 do. 2); 3 1ne) 30 Ese Ore Do eedOsey-{edtahyn oie “May 12| Do. pees | Ate rel 2. GOL 4] ily 42 “May 12) June 30 July 1{| July 28 June 12} June 26 June 1/| Aug. 8 June 20} July 31 June 18} Aug. 9 June 4 Do. “June 26 | Aug. 11 --s2d0-~.|' July 22 July 4] July il Aug. 25 | Aug. 25 “June 15 | July 25 ..-do...| Aug. 10 June 30/ July 2 July 25 | Aug. 28 iis July 31 June 26| Aug. 1. July 9) July 9 June 26 | July 30 June 28 | July 31 July 1] Aug. 23 June 29 | Sept. 22 ...do...| Sept. 10 1900. 1904. 1905. Waters. | fb we ae: / ee =A Se | Sui | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing began— ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | Bering Sea. Washarak Bay 222 30.82 te Se oo eae | June 20 July 25| June 8| Aug. 4) June 5/ July 28 Tgushik ‘River: 2. o6 26 oo oe ae re eee | June 28 | July 28 | June 21 | July 14 Wood River is! 2550 550 ee Be er ot ee ily 5 eRoilyol hee ae ee |e eae Kyichake Rive4ns-200 he © ee hee ie eS nee June 23 | Aug. 1/ June 21| Aug. 5 | June 13| Aug. 2 Naknek ativer 2 o< 3-5-9 Nae on ee | June 18 | July 28 | June 22| Aug. 2) June 14} July 30 Ugasuksiivess 2s es AS ee eee | July 1) July 25 | June 25 | July 25 | June 23 July 25 Usasbik River stone ote eed June 21 | July 29 | June 26 | Aug. 1) June 13! July 28 Nelspus Taecoon': (eo...) 2 Sai oe ee eee [eget as emteecae” Rc aimee acai icin 2 Bunun ae Central Alaska. Chignik Lagoon and River............... .| June 6/| Aug. 19 | June 8} Aug. 14} June 10} Aug. 13 Kodiak Island: De conc UC 5 SEI 5d 1c ae oe | June 4) Sept. 21 | June 6 | Sept. 30 | June 5 | Sept. 25 RGM GRA OT no ee ee eee eh ne [ca Ein, eae | oo eek ee June 1] July 27 | May 29 | July 17 Tiptlemiveren. ole eee eg June 8 | Aug. 13 | May 30] July 24) May 27 | July 19 TUL ak Spay o 2 > 2s Ne MS ee ee ee eee ee eee June 15 | Sept. 3 June 18 | Aug. 21 TOSE ass = Be et ar pe or ee A al Ce Mini. MGs ane 17 Wo ee ep ate SUFSS Wiles 24.2] Seno eA Cae Peer AL) Mim tew faa ters bec oe os | June 5] Aug. 3} June 12} July 5 WW aiterialis 5 oe) tae oS ee peas Sao | ee eae ea pee Ma pid [bm Sky BS RS eee July 7} Aug. 8 SOMGH BIG 5S. hs oss sCOrs alee. ose iN tle else (ally a en Shia July 13 |....do. July 10 |....do..-.| July 13) Aug. 5 FUNC SZ fale NUS IAG le Nuliys = An | AUC 25 ibe sens eee eae ae July 8)| July 31 es le ere Duly OS |MSept oS este a ees eS eset one, eee seme June 26 | Aug. 20 | June 27 | Aug. 25 | July 1/| Aug. 23 July 5] Aug. 5) June 27) Aug. 19 |....do. Aug. 22 | June 29 Aug. 31 Seat eye ele nae oe Bes Bhs ESOT Ors eeNCUL eek Oo | ccete ay eect (age geese ee aoe te lee Re Re SETS ie ee Septe 1 Septal ites see eee Oe ames ee Be ape Ss Vereen Coes Soe eer ee ee eee June 22} Aug. 24/ July 4/ Aug. 4 SiC RZ Gln AU ei cate alae oe I a eee 8 oe es toll le By June 20 | July 31 June 18 | July 27 | June 27 | Aug. 15 | June 25 | Sept. 1 | June 15 | Sept. 4 Spars, Syn stereo (Atee se ar July 5] Aug, 30] June 30 |....do...| June 22 Do. Bie BE ra es Schiele Sore Fe eg hah Sitliye eae |e AOS |e ce eee ae See ae aie a ets July 1/ Aug. 15 |....do.. doe July 1| Sept. 4 See peed see areas 2 PTOI eet NGOs elt As fe so eae Ih pees el tt Re Se Re eae rics July 27 | Aug. 27 | July 19) Aug. 18) July 1 Do. ae ee (pd ete ee Okc shay ealratee nerete le eo ae etce. S July 30 | Aug. 11 BS ea tO hake le SEO el da Oa tok oe aa Gam as eerie pel seiro a eeeees Sa SA ee So ag ee aS A pe A ty Sf Ko RH eg July 27 | July 28 ea Sella Cs sh he a a ROO a July 1/ Sept. 1 | July 2) July 28 ST APE ar ped SS GR TE es MAU 1) ee wa Ss a ee ee ee July 17 | Sept. 3 SG et | Me Rs ns el pe et [ae tesa glee ey ORO my i ale grasoaod Aug. 1/| Sept. 4 snare AG) be AO) | dhl = Oe dnplhycil7esl eR eal es da June 13} Aug. 17 Ree Eerie er ee ll ee SMe ee eae Se eis a SN June 18 Do. Ea ae Ra ES ar a iS cl Aug. — | Sept. — |.-..do. Sept. 5 Se ul el Ball SS ot ee gl apne Ce Ne ea ca en July 23 | July 29 Bed Shr es Gan eiaretee Dulvae ie Sembee ie ease. Soe eG eae oe Juliys Ale Sepuakse dale wGm) Amie: Oise ee ee ioe: July 20 | Aug. 20 Se Sure rer aoe etore SNe NG) INI Pd AE es ae ee eee ee eae Some Jha alg} AN uae TU alot ail OA bie OU ea Sel Ee ener July if Aug, 3 256 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FisHinc FoR RED SALMON aT VARIOUS FISHING STaTIons IN AxLasKa, 1900 anv 1904—-1906—Continued. 1900. 1904. 1905. 1906. Waters. Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing began— ended— | began— ended— began— ended— began— ended— Southeast Alaska—Continued. | Clarence Strait—Continued. ] | Tongass Narrows—Ward Cove, Revil- lapiscdp Tsland) in 2 = Te are se eae dO.25| Aue F238 it A ie Ae A dene eh eee rare July 23 | Sept. 6 Cholmondeley Sound < 2-2 sos) en se eee Fe July 26| Aug. 7 | Aug. 5| Sept. 1| July 30/ Sept. 5 Dora Bay, Prinee'ot Wales #sland: 2) 2. 2s Sc ee July 39) Aue. 20) July. a= do...| July 11] Sept. 6 Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince | | | | of Wales dsinad).22 9.) ea ee July 7) Sept. 1| July 13 | Sept. 13 |....do...| Sept. 2 | June 30 Do. Moira Sound— North Arm, Prince of Wales Island.|___.._.....).....-..-- July 14} Aug. 22 |....do...| Sept. 7 | July 13 | Sept. 8 Shalclair, “Princeyot Wales Jshind 224s. 6 be ae ee ee ee | Soly. 19.) Aug 24 es Browus, -Princeoi Wales Island.-22|255 22 “Sie eeeeen.- (See nei (ears Se a [pstalyec 20H Avie) dG: |e eee South Arm— / Kegan Stream, Prince of Wales Deland 2S ns ee ee ee oe | July 12 | Sept. 2| July 11] Sept. 7 | July 11/| Sept. 6 Nowiskay Stream, Prince of Wales Ustaaid). 00. ego e) Sie ee se rene 2 One rae do's 26). edo) ses] he ewe dee ine ee Bc ee eee Cld Johnson Stream, Prince of | Wales tsland?: 922050935 4 [aes eae eee ate July 33H. Ose] oe eee oes July 13 Sept. 3 Nichols Passage— | 3H Bostwick thley, Grayiia isiond <5 je 2S eee | Sept. 3) Sept. 7 | eT PRES ees seeks soot Wain: Annette stand 25 0s oe) ee ae sda | July 15 | Sept. 9 July 11 | Aug. 28 | July 11} Aug. 31 Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island..-..... July 7 | Sept.- 2 |; July AG Aucsol 49-2 dors aeee2 do...| July 10} Aug. 21 Revillagigedo Channel: | George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island..... July 8 | Aug. 14 aly e7 4 Sept: 51 Gebesdect July 6) Sept. 1 Carroll Inlet, Revillagigedo Island... -..|..........!.....22..- | Aug 14 Avie. Fi bec se Sees Reames ie 2 Therne Arm: Revillacizedom stand.) a: es See eee peat cySRe| Pueeu see We al IAA od es [ie Sie Aug. 24| Aug. 24 Hassler Harbor, Annette Island......_.|_._: Pe aeule abs Wop ee | Aue 285 Sephs 73) he sepa oe Pea eee eae Drike Ashi 2.533 50 22 5 al Rega ee Bee Raa et ean cn teee a do July 16 | Aug. 26 | July 12 | Sept. 1 |....do_..| Aug. 31 Boca de Quad £8 ee eee ee July. 12° \rAve Si") Sualy- (OAs Oi | eee eee oe ee es do ...| Aug. 26 Kah Shakes Cove...2... 609 July 10} Aug. 15 sesseeeses| Fo = le eel SN July 24] Aug. 23 Although the red salmon run is somewhat later than that of the king, the two species are sometimes found together. Writing of his observations in 1890, Dr. Gilbert says: It appeared constantly associated with the king salmon. It was taken by trolling in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13; was seined in small numbers at Unalaska May 24 to 27, and was abundant there June 16. It had not begun to run at Nushagak June 3, but the young with parr marks still evident, ranging in size from 95 to 115 mm., were very abundant. These were doubtless descending the rivers to the sea and were probably about 20 months old. On July 5, young averaging slightly larger than the above were taken in salt water at Herendeen Bay, Alaskan Peninsula. These ranged from 120 to 130 mm. in totallength. The color is deeper and less silvery than in the Nushagak examples and the parr marks have almost wholly disappeared. The beginning of the run in any given stream is fairly constant, the variation being within narrow limits. The duration of the run is for a shorter period in the northern region than it is farther south. In Bristol Bay and Central Alaska it lasts only six weeks or less, while in Southeast Alaska it continues about two months. The number of red salmon running in any given stream is constant from year to year only within rather wide limits. It is believed by most fishermen and canners that every fourth year any given stream is apt to have a larger run than in any of the three other years of the series. In a general way this belief seems to be borne out by statistics; when specific cases are examined, however, the rule appears of doubtful application. For example, the catch of red salmon in the Ugashik River for the last six years has been as follows: 769,002 fish in 1901; 1,640,973 in 1902; 1,703,536 in. 1903; 564,492 in 1904; 432,779 in 1905; and 152,140 in 1906. As the run was large in 1902 it should have been large in 1906, but it was the smallest ever known. Judging from the run of 1903, that for 1907 ought to be a large one. Information regarding it will be awaited with interest. In Nushagak Bay and Wood River the run was very large in 1905, four traps in Wood River furnishing over 800,000 fish, while many thousands more were turned loose. In 1906 these same traps produced only about 200,000 fish, and three additional traps operated in the same region produced about 100,000 more, giving a total for Wood River for 1906 of about 300,000 as against more than 800,000 for 1905. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 957 Although the price of red salmon was higher in 1906 than in 1905, and every effort was made to secure a large pack in the Bristol Bay region, the total number of red salmon cases fell 120,000 short of the pack of 1905. There are, however, so many factors entering into the conditions which determine the size of the pack in Bristol Bay that it is not safe to make any positive statement as to whether the catch has reached its limit. As has been said by Jordan and Evermann, ‘‘A wise administration of the fisheries will permit the taking of the largest number of fish compatible with the maintenance of the supply, and will permit their capture by the cheapest method which is not wasteful.’’ But when it becomes apparent that the run is decreasing and that the fishery is permanently impaired, the catch should in some way be limited and ample opportunity be given to rehabilitate the fishery. : In size the red salmon ranks third among the five Pacific species of the genus. During the recent investigations a total of 1,390 red salmon from as many different places as possible were measured and weighed. The results, which are given in detail in the accompanying table, may be summarized as follows: For the males—Maximum length, 32 inches; minimum, 15.5; average, 27.81. Maximum weight, 11 pounds; minimum, 1.75; average, 7.43. For the females—Maximum length, 30 inches; minimum, 20.25; average, 24.87. Maximum weight, 11 pounds; mimimum, 2; average, 5.78. For both males and females—Average length, 26.36 inches; average weight, 6.57 pounds. It is therefore safe to say that the red salmon of Alaska averages a trifle more than 6.5 pounds in weight. At Chignik Bay is occasionally taken a small red salmon locally known as the “ Arctic salmon”’ which is considerably smaller than the average for that region. On August 9, 1903, the senior author found and examined at the two canneries on Chignik Bay 13 examples of this fish, 12 of the 13 being males. The maximum and minimum lengths of the males were 19.38 and 15.86 inches, and the average 17.35; extreme weight 2.71 and 1.71 pounds, average 2.2 pounds. The single female was 22.63 inches long and weighed 4.63 pounds. These fish are not a different species, but evidently merely precocious indi- viduals such as are found among the chinook salmon on the Columbia River, where mature small males are not infrequent. The fact that all but one of these so-called ‘‘Arctic salmon” were males shows them to be dwarfs of the same character. The opinion of local fishermen that this small salmon is peculiar to Chignik Bay is not borne out by the facts, as similar small fish were seen at Alitak, Karluk, and other places. In various small lakes in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia is found a dwarf form of the Alaska red salmon known variously as small redfish, little redfish, Kennerly’s salmon, or walla. The list of lakes in which this fish is known to occur is as follows: Alturas, Pettit, Redfish and Big Pay- ette lakes in Idaho; Wallowa Lake in Oregon; Washington, Sammamish, Ozette, and possibly, Amer- ican and Chelan lakes in Washington; Chiloweyuck, Nicola, Francois, Fraser, Okanagan, and Kootenai lakes in British Columbia. And recently during the investigations conducted by Mr. Chamberlain in the vicinity of Loring, Alaska, 2 or 3 examples of the little redfish were found in Patching Lake. This is a small lake inthe Naha basin. In its outlet is a falls which fish from the sea can not ascend. Redfish fry from the Fortmann Hatchery had been planted in the lake, and it can not, therefore, be definitely known whether this specimen was one of the planted fish, dwarfed by the unfavorable environment, or one of a native race or form long landlocked in the lake. The so-called little redfish does not appear to differ structurally from the larger form. It is mature, however, both males and females, at a length of a foot or less, and, like the ordinary red salmon, spawns only once, after which it dies. Recent observations by the senior author, and consideration of all the known facts concerning these little redfish, convince him that they do not come up from the sea, but are landlocked in the lakes in which they occur. Next to the humpback the red is the most abundant salmon in Alaska—indeed, it is probable that, during the last 20 years, it has been no less numerous than the humpback. Commercially it is by iar the most valuable salmon in Alaska. The total catch of 1906 was 19,536,761 fish, representing 1,540,856 cases, valued at $5,720,291. The total number of salmon of all species handled in Alaska in 1906 was 31,756,335, representing 2,341,587 cases, valued at $8,152,665. From these figures it is seen that the red salmon constitute more than 61 per cent of the catch, 65 per cent of the pack, and 70 per cent of the value. And in every year previous to 1906 the red salmon constituted even a larger proportion of the entire catch, as the utilization of the cheaper species has developed only within recent years. B. B. F.1906—17 258 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF RED SALMON. leis ee | fT th | Avera ie Sr a asia Saee ar maa _ Average.| al Nese Average. | aay ‘koe | weeht. Inches., Inches. Inches / Lbs. Lbs. | Pounds. | Inches. | Pounds. Nushagak.....--- { 53| $ | d0:00| 3125| 2545 | axon) 400; ogee it BL) 27127) 7.466 Koggiung......-.-.---.-.-. Meeerere Pre oo hole ee Wood River........-....... { 3| $ | wo! os | stow] os | 200] seer |t 10) a7 | 625 Ugaguk River.........-.... { &| $ | d000) 2275) 2 a75| 300| raat 16] 27.85 | 7.636 Naknek River... { 3% $ | 300| 200} des! ico! 33 | rowlt 1) wa) 763 Ugashik River... { BS) Bal ae) Se) 2) sel ee) es] acm ee Chignik, Aug. 9.....-..-.. { 74) $ | g0os| acs | sso] ss | 44] Gar ft 24) 2583 | Zt Karlak, Aug. 15-2... { wi $ | 200| 2035; was | G5 | 25 | dees} 20] 24307/ 5.08 Pyramid Harbor, July 15-1 | ¢ | BR] 23.) Be) son) sel ce wm) me) 706 Klawak, Aug.25 ......--.. { 2 $ | 333! m75| ss | os | 300) gout |) 298 | 409 rictta wy, de 9B S| ee | ee a ee eee ete Karta Bay, July 10... ._... { 73| $ | 300| 3000/ 353° | &S | Goo, ce | 14 eae 7.000 32. Salmo clarkii (Richardson). Alaska Cutthroat Trout. (PI. xv, fig.1, and pl. xxxvm.) In 1881 Dr. Bean recorded this trout as Salmo purpuratus from Sitka, St. Paul (Kodiak Island), and “northern Alaska.’ Not until the investigations were made on which this report is based had any other specimens been recorded from Alaska or any Alaskan specimens come into the hands of any ichthy- ologist. Doubtless anglers and others knew of the presence in Alaska of a species of cutthroat trout. Indeed, officers and members of the civilian staff of the Fisheries steamer Albatross state that they have found cutthroat trout at various places in Southeast Alaska and that specimens were forwarded to the Bureau. These, however, seem to have been lost en route, as they were never received at Washington. During the recent investigations cutthroat trout were obtained at the following places: San Mateo Lake near Union Bay, Vancouver Island (June 22); lake at Courtney, Union Bay (June 22); Karta Bay stream (July 11); Pablof Falls, Freshwater Bay (July 25); Silver Bay Creek near Sitka (July 29); Kla- wak Creek (August 26), and Naha stream near Loring (August 30). Other specimens were obtained in the vicinity of Loring in 1903, and again in 1904 and 1905, and numerous fine specimens were collected in Lake McDonald and vicinity by Mr. J. S. Burcham in 1905. In all of these places the cutthroat trout was fairly common, apparently most abundant at Loring, Lake McDonald, and Klawak. It doubtless occurs in many other streams and lakes in Southeast Alaska. Just how far north it extends has not been definitely determined. We did not find it north of Sitka. We have a photograph, taken by Mr. R. W. Stone, of the U. S. Geological Survey, and furnished by Mr. Frank Hess, also of the Survey, showing’a number of trout and salmon caught September 25, 1904, at Katatla, Controller Bay, in a stream about one-fourth of a mile from the beach. Among the fish shown is one that is evidently a cutthroat or a rainbow trout. The following notes were taken on specimens from various places: No. 02809, taken with fly by Dr. Evermann in Lake San Mateo, Vancouver Island, a female 14.5 inches long, weight one pound, not nearly ready tospawn. Color in life, top of head, back and side to base of pectoral thickly covered with small, somewhat stellate black spots, those on head and nape roundish; cheek with about 7 black spots—2 or 3 on upper part of opercle; dorsal and caudal with numerous oblong black spots; 3 spots on adipose dorsal; anal with black spots less numerous than on caudal and dorsal; ventrals pale rosy, the outer ray with a series of small black spots; pectorals pale rosy on inner rays, the outer dusky; cheek and opercle with rosy; some rosy on side of lower jaw; belly dusky, slightly rosy; throat with a broad, rich red dash on each side; tip of lower jaw black; side silvery with bronze wash; the black spots on back and side about evenly distributed, those on caudal peduncle largest. When first taken out of the water the whole fish except belly appeared quite dark. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. Ste tes a ANY AN Ss Eee O ae YS 1. SALMO CLARKII (RICHARDSON). PLATE XV. 2, HEXAGRAMMOS LAGOCEPHALUS (PALLAS). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 259 Another specimen (no. 02810) from the same place, an immature male 9.5 inches long, was similar in life color to the one above described, except that there were no spots on ventrals, and cheeks and opercles were more spotted, there being 3 or 4 spots on preopercle and the same number on opercle. An example (no. 02811), 11 inches long, from Courtney Lake, was a male somewhat more mature than no. 02810, and its color was similar, except that the spots on side of head were less numerous, being but 4 on upper part of cheek, 2 on preopercle and 4 on upper part of opercle. On no. 02810 the spots extended farther down; scales about 165. Another example (no. 02812), 6 inches long, from same place, is profusely spotted like the others and shows traces of parr marks. The red on throat present, but not distinct. A fine 13-inch example, taken July 11 by Lieutenant Mitchell in Karta Bay Stream a short distance above the mouth, when fresh was dark olive on back, side silvery, belly white; back and upper four- fifths of side profusely covered with small irregular black spots; side of head with a few small round black spots; cheek and middle of side with pale rosy wash; throat with light red wash; fins all dark; dorsal and caudal with many large black spots; anal a little paler and with fewer spots; ventrals still paler, black inside; pectoral dark, with 2 or 3 small black spots. Dorsal 10; anal 12. A 9.5-inch specimen (no. 02944), weighing 4 ounces, caught by Dr. Evermann at Pablof Falls, July 25, was in life yellowish green on back and upper part of side; middle of side slightly rosy, belly silvery; back with close-set small roundish black spots; side with larger black spots; top of head and cheek with small round black spots; opercle somewhat rosy; throat rich red. Another was silvery, dark, profusely spotted with black, and with the red on throat very distinct. No. 03021, taken at Klawak, August 26, had the body and head profusely and uniformly covered with large, irregular black spots; fins all densely spotted. Two 7.5-inch specimens (2 and 2.5 ounces each), taken by Lieutenant Mitchell and Chief Engineer Crater at Silver Bay near Sitka, had the spots confined chiefly to back and side above lateral line and head; caudal peduncle with more spots; very little red showing on throat of second, none on first; side somewhat rosy, cheek also. It may be that these are young steelheads. We have critically examined more than 30 excellent examples of cutthroat trout from the vicinity of Yes Bay and Loring, and many other specimens from those places, Klawak, and elsewhere, in Southeast Alaska, have passed through our hands. An example 14.5 inches long from Lake McDonald may be regarded as typical: Head 4.4; depth 4.4; eye in head 6.5; snout 3.5; maxillary 1.9, reaching slightly past orbit; pectoral 1.8; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.4; scales about 146. Body robust, not greatly compressed, the caudal peduncle stout; head rather long and conic; snout rather long and pointed. Entire body covered somewhat profusely with small stellate black spots, less numerous on head, where they are more nearly round. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins profusely spotted; pectoral with a few spots, ventrals plain; ventrals and anal slightly tipped with yellow; a bright red dash on the throat. The Alaska cutthroat is close to the Alaska rambow and may not be always readily distinguished from it. We believe them to be distinct species, however. The cutthroat may be distinguished by its red throat, more stellate black spots, longer head, longer maxillary, less brightly tipped ventral and anal fins, and smaller scales. The number of scales in the lateral line runs from 140 to 180, while in the rainbow it runs from 120 to 140. The cutthroat is not as large as the rainbow, the largest example seen by us being only 14.5 inches long. The numerous examples examined range in length from 6 to 14.5 inches. At Klawak local anglers stated that the cutthroat does not attain as large size as the rainbow of the same stream, and this statement was borne out by our own observations at that place; also at Loring and Lake McDonald. The Alaska cutthroat trout ranks high as a game fish, though not equaling the rainbow. It isa much better game fish than the Dolly Varden or salmon trout. It strikes with more vim, fights more viciously, dives more deeply, ranges more widely, and is much more apt to jump; but when once out of the water it is more quiet than the Dolly Varden. It takes the fly readily, but of course the baited hook is more attractive. Mr. A. B. Alexander and the senior writer of this report visited San Mateo Lake June 22 expressly to obtain examples of this trout. At first we rowed about over the lake some time, trying different appar- ently lhkely places with different kinds of flies and, finally, other lures. One slight strike was gotten inthe upper end of the lake, but noothers until we reached a small cove on the south side, where 260 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mr. Alexander got a fine 9.5-inch example at the surface. A little later another fine example was hooked at a depth of about 6 feet. It fought very vigorously, usually bearing down very hard, then circling about rapidly, leaping slightly, then bearing down again and circling again, and coming along- side, and finally breaking away—the penalty we paid for being without a landing net. This fish was estimated to be 19 inches long. A few minutes later another was hooked in 4 feet of water, and, though given no opportunity to play, showed itself able to make a good fight. Later each of us got one good strike, but failed to land the fish. Local anglers call these ‘‘ black-speckled trout.” The examples taken at Pablof Falls had little opportunity to show their fighting power on account of the very turbulent water and the vast number of salmon and Dolly Varden trout which crowded upon them. Mr. Crater reported that the three which he took in Naha Stream were very satisfactory as game fish. As a food-fish the Alaska cutthroat is delicious—far superior to the Dolly Varden and not inferior to the Alaska rainbow. The flesh is firm, flaky, and rich in oil, with a most agreeable flavor. This trout inhabits both streams and lakes. At Loring it occurs in both. At Yes Bay the finest examples were obtained from the stream between Lake McDonald and the bay. Those from Klawak came from the stream below the lake. In Alaska this species is usually known as the black-speckled trout, blackspotted trout, or cutthroat. 33. Salmo gairdneri (Richardson). Steelhead Trout. (Pl. xxxvu1.) The first records of steelhead trout in Alaska are those by Dr. Bean from Sitka and from St. Paul. Kodiak Island (1881), and Mountain Lake near Mount Tongass (1883). The species seems to be widely distributed in Alaska, although definite records are not numerous. Captain Moser states that it occurs at all seasons at Afognak Island, but in greatest numbers during the coho run. It is believed to winter in the Jakes and to descend to the sea soon aitér the oy Ry wy ry JA D WS A. LIES ifs LS, oe L x - 29 a = SS SSS Sse = Be SSO Res ssaee SRA = Ss SSS SSN (os SS es SS Fia. 22.—Esox lucius Linneeus. Family 23. GASTEROSTEIDA. The Sticklebacks. : 58. Pygosteus pungitius (Linnzeus). This species has been recorded by Turner (1886), from St. Michael. Gilbert (1895), from Nusha- gak and Naknekrivers. Rutter (1899), brook near mouth of Alitak Bay, Kodiak Island. Scofield (1896), Grantley Harbor. Nelson (1887), as Pygosteus pungitius brachypoda, from Andreafski, Yukon River, and St. Michael. Turner (1886), Sannak Island. Bean(1882), St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Unga Island; Iliuliuk Lake, Unalaska; St. Paul Island; St. Michael; Port Clarence; Elephant Point, Eschscholtz Bay; near Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean. Murdoch (1885), Point Barrow. Numerous (probably 500) specimens taken by Dr. Gilbert in a small lake at Koggiung. Two specimens 2.26 and 1.75 inches long taken along with young salmon in sloughs or little pools of quiet water along edge of Karluk River near its source, by Mr. Rutter in 1903. These specimens differ from current descriptions, therefore, in having an increased number of spines, and the ventral spines somewhat shorter. The following is a description of the larger specimen, 2.26 inches long: Head 4 in body; depth 5; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 4; mandible 4; interorbital 4.6; dorsal x-1, 9; anal 1, 9. 59. Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pallas). Numerous specimens from the following localities: Admiralty Head and Kilisut Harbor near Port Townsend; Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island; Alert Bay; Mink Arm, Boca de Quadra; Loring (from both salt and fresh water); Lake McDonald and Yes Bay; Kasaan Bay; Ankau River; Karluk Lake and connecting streams and sloughs; Alitak Lake, Kodiak Island; St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group; Sitka; and Pablof Falls. The species had been previously recorded by Turner (1886) from Sannak Island. By Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove and Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, ‘Kodiak Island; Sanborn Harbor, Unga Island; Humboldt Harbor and Little Koniushi Island, Shu- magins; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Amchitka; Kyska Harbor and St. Paul Island. Lakes of Kodiak Island and Karluk estuary (Rutter 1899). Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899). As Gasterosteus microcephalus (Bean 1884) from Piseco Lake, Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak; Chirikof Island; Iliuliuk Lake, Unalaska, and Mountain Lake, near Wards Cove. : The specimens from Karluk Lake were obtained by Mr. Rutter from a large school seen in the river near its connection with a side lake and from sloughs or pools of quiet water along the river near its source. These range in length from 2 to4 inches. The largest of these last specimens have the lateral plates scarcely evident; the smaller specimens show no plates at all. Examples taken at Lake McDonald August 24 were full of nearly ripe eggs, as were also those taken at Kilisut Harbor July 1. B. B. F.1906—18 274 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Among the great number of specimens collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh on St. Paul Island in 1906, nearly 200 small examples were obtained from a landlocked fresh-water lake and these are not so fully plated as are larger examples from the same lake. Many of the Loring specimens were infested with intestinal parasites. Eighteen different localities in Alaska, eight of which are salt water, are represented in our collection of Gasterosteus. Every specimen from the salt water is fully plated. Those found in the lakes or well up the streams usually have fewer plates than those taken in or near the sea, the variation being from 3 plates to a fully plated condition. Those in a fresh-water landlocked lake on St. Paul Island, however, are fully plated. With this exception (and this lake is not strictly a fresh-water lake), our collections indicate that whenever sticklebacks begin living in fresh water they begin losing their plates, and a continued residence there tends to the disappearance of most of the plates. Fig. 23.—Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pallas). An examination of our specimens from various localities gives the following results: Hatchery Lake near Loring, 2 specimens, 6 plates; pubic plate and spimes well developed, not reduced. | River connecting with side lake, Lake Karluk, 2 specimens, 4 and 6 plates; spines well developed; pubic plate not reduced. Loring, 6 specimens, 3 plates, only 1 plate fully developed; pubic plate and spines not reduced; pectorals small. Lake Karluk, about 20 specimens, 4 to 12 plates; pubic plate and spimes not reduced. Loring, outlet second lake, 1 specimen, 3 plates; spmes and pubic plate well developed. Loring, at head of bay, many small specimens, few plates; spines and pubic plates well developed. Heckman Lake, 4 specimens, 3 plates; spines and pubic plate well developed. Karluk Lake, 12 specimens, 3 to 8 plates; spines and pubic plate well developed. Head of Mink Arm, 77 specimens, all fully plated; pubic plate and pectoral not different from fresh-water specimens. ; Admiralty Head, 1 specimen, fully plated; spmes and pubic plate well developed. Kilisut Harbor, 13 specimens, fully plated; spines and pubic plates well developed. Loring, near head of Bight, 2 specimens, fully plated; spies and pubic plate well developed. Loring, at head of Naha Bay, 12 specimens, plates well developed; others well developed, as are the spines and pubic plates. Kasaan Bay, 1 specimen, plates all developed. Head of Yes Bay, 25 specimens, fully plated. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 275 Family 24. AULORHYNCHID. 60. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill. Eleven specimens, 1.15 to 2.15 inches long, seined at Quarantine Dock, near Port Townsend; 3 specimens, 1.25 inches long, taken in kelp near pier at Port Townsend, 5 from Loring, and 1 from Alert Bay. The species has also been recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882.) Fig. 24.— Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill. Family 25. SYNGNATHIDA. The Pipefishes. 61. Siphostoma griseolineatum (Ayres). Four specimens, 4 to 9 inches long, taken at Loring; one a male, 6.75 inches long, had eggs and young in its pouch; 3 females, 6.5 to 8 inches long, seined at Kilisut Harbor; 2 females, 5.5 and 11.5 inches long, seined at Metlakahtla; one specimen, 5 inches long, seined in Taylor Bay, Gabriola Island. We have also 2 specimens, one taken at Loring and one at Yes Bay in 1905, and one other taken at Port Ludlow in 1895. Family 26. AMMODYTIDA. The Sand Launces. - 62. Ammodytes personatus Girard. Collections were made by the Albatross as follows: One specimen, 3.75 inches long, at Sucia Island, May 6, 1894; 13 specimens, 3.5 to 7 inches long, south side of Akatan Bay, Aleutian Islands, July 20, 1894; 42 specimens, 3 to 5 inches long, at Agattu Island, June 6, 1894; 6 specimens, 3 to 5 inches long, taken at Atka Island, June 10, 1894; one specimen, 4 inches long, at station 3595; 52 by Mr. Rutter at Uganuk in 1897; 2 specimens, 4-and 4.25 inches long, at Unalaska, July 2, 1900; 118 specimens, 2 to 6.25 inches long, were taken in 1903 at Admiralty Head; Loring; Metlakahtla; Pablof Harbor; Uganuk, ‘Uyak Bay, and Shakan Bay. In addition to the specimens in the collection, the species was seined in abundance in Pablof Bay and also observed at station 4242 in Karta Bay, at Port Alexander, and Kilisut Harbor. It is frequently found in the stomachs of other fishes—in the stomach of a halibut at Loring, and many in the stomachs of sockeyes; many were also found in the stomach of a Dolly Varden trout. The species has been recorded by Bean (1882), as Ammodytes americanus, from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik and Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; Semidi Islands; Humboldt Bae Shumagins; Tliuliuk, Captains Harbor, and Chernoffsky, Unalaska; Pomiccancree Kens Port Clarence; and Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Also by Bean in 1884 (as A. personatus) from Wemeell and Port Ghee. ter. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska; Chernoffski; Herendeen Bay and Hagemeister Island. Nelson (1887), St. Michael; and Scofield (1899), Chignik sud Port Clarence. Small boys, seen using this fish at Sitka for bait in fishing for ‘‘black bass” (Sebastodes melanops), called them ‘‘needlefish.’”” They are abundant along the Alaskan coasts at least as far north as the Aleutian Islands, going in great schools and frequenting sandy shores, where they quickly bury them- selves in the sand when disturbed. At Unalaska in 1892 one of us saw more than a barrel taken in one haul with a short seine. More delicious little fish probably do not exist. They are usually prepared by rolling in fine corn meal or cracker crumbs and frying in butter. Family 27. BERYCID. 63. Plectromus lugubris (Gilbert). Recorded from station 3327, north of Unalaska (Gilbert 1895), as Melamphaes lugubris. 276 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 64. Plectromus cristiceps (Gilbert). One specimen 4.75 inches long from station 4267, off Cape Edgecumbe, in 922 fathoms. Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.80; eye 5.3 in head; maxillary 2.3; mandible 2; interorbital 3.1; dorsal m1, 13; anal 1, 8. Head long, blunt anteriorly, remarkable for cavernous areas surrounded by membranous ridges, the eye surrounded by a raised rectangular area bordered above and below by raised crests; a fragile but sharp spine on snout and a horseshoe-shaped crest on top of head, the rounded border pointing anteriorly; a raised area ending in a ridge in front of preopercle and resembling the latter in outline; a fan-shaped striate patch on upper posterior corner of opercle; mouth wide, slightly oblique, the gape reaching to vertical of pupil. Dorsal rather long, its base 1.5 in head, its origin halfway between tip of snout and base of caudal; anal short, its base 3.5 in head, its origin about middle of base of dorsal; ventrals short, inserted immediately below pectorals; pectoral long and slender, reaching to posterior end of dorsal, about 1.2 in head, narrow (about 18-rayed), inserted close behind gill-opening and_about two-thirds distance from dorsal to ventral outline. Scales apparently deciduous, the scars only remaining, largest anteriorly, 24 in longitudinal series, 9 in transverse series; no lateral line. Predominating color black; fins dark; crests, occiput, and area about eye white; positions occupied by scales lighter, border area black. Family 28. ZAPRORID. 65. Zaprora silenus Jordan. Known only from 2 specimens, the type and one other now in the Provincial Museum at Victoria, both taken in Nanaimo Harbor, British Columbia. Fig. 25.—Zaprora silenus Jordan. Family 29. EMBIOTOCIDA. The Viviparous Surf-fishes. 66. Cymatogaster aggregatus (Gibbons). White Surf-fish; Viviparous Perch. This interesting fish occurs from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, northward at least as far as Yes Bay, Alaska. It was found by us at the following places: Marrowstone Point near Port Townsend, June 29; Kilisut Harbor near Port Townsend, July 1; Taylor Bay and Gabriola Island near Nanaimo, June 20; Union Bay, Nanaimo, June 23; Fort Rupert, June 25; Boca de Quadra, July 6; Yes Bay and Karta Bay, | July 8; Loring and Klawak, August 8. It was abundant at all these places, except at Yes and Karta bays, and many specimens were seined at all of them, but none was seen farther north than Yes Bay. Bean (1883) records it from Wrangell. The specimens collected up to July 1 were mature, the females all being heavy with young. In some instances the young had begun to escape, as some were found in the water, and in nearly all cases they could be easily pressed from the body of the mother. Frequently they were able to maintain themselves in an upright position in the water and swim about. A large number of examples of this species were examined for the purpose of determining the extreme and average sizes of adult males and females, the number and size of young at time of libera- tion, and the position of the young in the ovary. It was found that the average total length of all the THE FISHES OF ALASKA. OTE females (106) examined was 5.25 inches; of the (44) males, 3.84 inches. The extremes were: Females, 3.25 and 8 inches; males 3.31 and 5.69 inches. The number of young in 81 females examined varied from 8 to 36, the average being 15.76. The position of the young in the ovary was determined in 54 \ SS ort i: ¢ Bas te~ Is bb aN ran a: : CEU BS GR Sonne EL Fig. 26.—Cymatogaster aggregatus (Gibbons). Male. fishes. They were found to contain a total of 813 young, 652 or 80 per cent of which were lying with the head toward the head of the mother fish, while 161 or 20 per cent had the head toward the tail. In one instance all the young (11) had the head forward, and in every case but one the majority of the young FIG. 27._Cymatogaster aggregatus. Female. had the head forward. The one exception was with a 5.5-inch fish with 12 young, 9 of which had the head toward the tail. The young were quite uniformly 1 inch to 1.25 inches in length. Those of an unusually large female (6.75 inches) were each 1.63 inches long. The table on page 278 gives these data in detail. 278 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. PosttIon oF YOUNG IN GRAVID EXAMPLES OF CYMATOGASTER AGGREGATUS. i | 1 1 oe | 1 ' i > = Ss Sa | 2 is ss fed | 3 = TB Gee (at ee = ee at ae Pe Locality and date. S lwotlwcy| © a4 cj Locality and date. & jwotlecs| > aE | © |B8elses| 2 | Se & |sesiass| 3 o§ ares SoSFioae| 6 || of 5 om Flog Ee] 6 Zz, Pe bases > Hl Z yp > a | a ees ae Inches. | Inches 1 GabriolaIsland (June20)| 5.0 13 1 14 42 | Union Bay, Vancouver es hepa Bees Se 5.25 12 5 17 || Island (June 23) ....---| 4.75 5 3 8 cin Diihog? cea eaten RST See 5.5 13 5 18 | ABid aA BD pe Ae ree 6.0 15 1 16 es gh Age S| Bl el eee cei il $d i ieee Oia a ern eee ues oH ea | Te | ein: 1295, (Eee Cpa eee sews SPU IE cess ae 2 16 6 | Union Bay, Vancouver | | | a5 ae flare.) 2... ee 6.8 16 3 19 Island (June 23).....- 6.0 | 14 5 19 rk fy (ane gt Bo es ee eo esi 11 2 13 §, ieee GG 8S eee Le}. 5 15 2 17 ASS Prien ogee ee Rae 6.0 14 3 17 roi eer GS ae ibe ae ee ae) 10 1 11 AG te ee Gor ei ere ae ee 5.5 12 3 15 Ye eee ne SER eet ie ene rer oe ee 10 4 14 = Oe jee DD eee ee eel eee 4.75 10 2 12 a eee ee eo ene aa eae Wea ere Gre | or rer, ee Zo tae le a1 ace ee: ORE Gta Ree eee : ed lees Ree 6 | 6 Ween eae ee mae oA : 1 12 ti (ees MA i a oe SE ee Ses 6.5 25 2 27 || Te aos Oe se Fes Ge ae 5.0 vf 3 10 Fg eee dae. 6 SSE ee 5.5 15 5 20 a | eee ia pod fire eres he. 5.5 12 3 15 i i epee eS oe ae: Site 5. ; x 4 = | = Gabriola lsland (June a4 Fi ae Pes | Ear PR | 15 5 be = Oat ee ee = 2A cba 1S. ine Seater eee Cyc Sai Se Rae ES LE Fgh Pee ee lines 2 ape 20 TE adie de cicn e 60> | S12 4| 16 7 gm Nbegaee eget tel eae Seed aan 27 BARRO GR foe a el es 5.0 8 2 10 Syott eee OR ee ee ante aE |] eae 1 SRS 17 ae eae 7 eR) Sa eee. fi. 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Se i ree Yb. 0 9 3 12 (A See AO, Ske eS i og ee (ape Ie are 18 Soiiteces GOR See es 5.0 9 3 12 | ‘Ee ees Ger sc ieee ge eevee tee 20 31, A De aes (Oi eee ee ees 5.0 7 5 12 7 ff Woe hea Cle nee, 1a aris Sane uot [ose 21 <2 Bet BS dat Aes ets 5.0 12 eee eo (ie eee hee ee Se a Rt Oe Ss Deters 13 = eae G58 a a 4.75 9 2 11 i Se ee de See ie 1 Nga a Sr (peed 16 a se ite "CARR ete oot Tal aire 55 13 1 14 | rice mega Gi = el ee ee il (ie eee pees 12 ae Ve eee Ds Ae 6.0 23 1 24 || £9 Nee et. a oe Sse ae eee eats aie 11 = eae i ae Se ee | ae = : a » i es ce BS Oe NS ee NA Eyl aah Bee te emenate 24 bie 272 Oe es a ae Seer : J OE) (es ne, | 6 enue mea pw het 2 Te Uf 3) renee Biel Mane 20 41 | noe he... eee ee Pe 1] 13) 82) Kilisut Harbor July 1).| 6.75 |.....-|...-.- 36 | : ‘es Color of female in life, silvery; back olive-greenish or brassy; side with 2 broad vertical brassy bars, between which and in front and back of which the scales are whitish, and with a large black blotch of small specks; top of head olive; belly white; dorsal and caudal olive, other fins white. “Surf-fish”’ is a very appropriate name for this little species. During the spawning season it swarms in great numbers in the surf or in shallow water along sandy shores. Every haul of the seine at Kilisut Harbor and about Nanaimo and Fort Rupert resulted in the capture of great numbers. The spawning season on the coast from Puget Sound to Fort Rupert is evidently during the last days of June and the first days of July, and the fish seem to come into shallow water along the shore to liberate their young. There is evidence indicating that the more quiet, shallow reaches of shore are then selected as affording the least danger to the delicate young fish. The fact that numerous females captured at Karta Bay July 11 were all spent fish indicates that the spawning period is a brief one. The number of females seems to be in excess of the males. Of 90 fish examined at Fort Rupert, 66 were females, and about the same proportion held elsewhere. The preponderance of females may, however, be more apparent than real. The males are considerably smaller than the females, and it may well be that some were overlooked in the mass of material resulting from each seine haul. The white surf-fish will take the hook, but is too small to be of much interest as a game fish. It is said to be a very fair pan fish. . 67. Tzeniotoca lateralis (Agassiz). Blue Perch; Striped Surf-fish. The only example seen was seined at Kilisut Harbor, July 1. Color in life, reddish brassy, greenish on head and back; side and back with many narrow, pale bluish Bure, half width of brassy interspaces; underparts paler brassy; fins dusky brassy. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 279 68. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard). White Viviparous Perch; Porgee. This species was found at Diamond Point, Kilisut Harbor, and Marrowstone Point, June 27 and July 1; Taylor Bay, Gabriola Island, June 20; and Union Bay, Vancouver Island, June 23. It was not abundant anywhere, but was most common at Union Bay. A female examined at Gabriola Island was 14 inches long and contained 23 young, each about 1.9 inches long. Four other examples measured were 2.75, 5.25, 4.75, and 6.5 inches long, respectively. A specimen 2.62 inches long has the pectorals dark, almost black; anal anteriorly dusky; caudal dusky at base, and a conspicuous black spot about the middle of the dorsal. on SS Ash oegy, Wace lbs Meer: ze \ LEE: Ye & S) x Ss; Fig. 28.—Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard). Family 30. SCORPENIDE. The Scorpion-fishes. 69. Sebastolobus alascanus (Bean). The collection contains 11 specimens of this species, the localities represented being stations 4238 to 4241 (Behm Canal) and 4302 (Sumner Strait, off Shakan). The depths range from 169 to 256 fathoms. The specimens range in length from 3.4 to 23 inches. Dorsal xvi in 8 specimens, xvit in 3. In two small examples (3.4 and 5 inches total length) the black spots on the spinous dorsal are quite distinct and the pectorals are marbled with black and white. The ventrals also are dusky, and the soft dorsal of the smaller specimen is dusky, and has 3 or 4 small roundish white spots. Two adults (nos. 2878 and 2879) taken at station 4238, in Behm Canal, were, in life, bright rose-red all over, paler below, especially on lower parts of head; fins all red; caudal with some black on outer parts of membranes; pectoral also with some black on interradial membranes; inside of opercle rose-color. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded also by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3324, 3330 to 3332, and 3337 to 3340, in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island, or in the north Pacific, southeast of Unimak Island. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more. Its range extends from California to Bering Sea. It is usually found in rather deep water, 100 to 800fathoms. Its flesh is palatable and the species should be of some value as a food fish. 280 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 70. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of the Alaskan Peninsula. No other specimens have been taken in Alaskan waters, but it has been found to be almost equally abundant with S. alascanus off the coast of California as far south at least as San Diego, in relatively deep water. It reaches a foot in length. f ae RR or ~ Fig. 29.—Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert. 71. Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres). Boccacio. This species occurs from San Diego to Barclay Sound, British Columbia, in rather deep water. We have one specimen 8 inches long, from Barclay Sound, collected by the Albatross September 27, 1888. The species reaches a length of 2.5 feet and a weight of several pounds. Fic. 30.—Sebastodes melanops (Girard). 72. Sebastodes melanops (Girard). Sitka ‘‘Black Bass.” This species was obtained at Nanaimo, in the surface tow-net, at Sitka, Naha Bay, and Port McArthur with hook and line, and by Mr. Rutter at Karluk. Four specimens were seined at Metlakahtla, and several were seenat Shakan. They range in length from 6.5 to 15.25 inches. We have examined also an example 8.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Barclay Sound, British Columbia, September 23, 1888, and also 2 specimens 7.5 and 8.5 inches long collected in 1893 at St. Paul, Kodiak, and 7 others 6 to 13.5 inches long collected in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Hunter Bay. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 281 The range of this species is from Monterey Bay to Kodiak Island, it being most abundant northward. It reaches a length of 18 to 20 inches. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Sitka and St. Paul, Kodiak. These fish take the hook freely and afford some sport as game fish. At Sitka July 28 they were biting well and many were caught from the wharf. Pieces of meat were used for bait and the fish were found in water 6 to 18 feet deep. They usually take the hook rather quietly and at first make a pretty good fight, but soon give up and allow themselves to be lifted out of the water without much struggle. They are therefore a ‘‘ boy’s fish,’? which will not appeal strongly to the experienced angler, but they are good food fish and bear a certain resemblance to the black bass (Micropterus). Color in life, olive- brown, blotched with dirty red. 73. Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius). Two specimens, 3.75 and 7.25 inches long, from station 4285 in Chignik Bay. These have 14 dorsal spines each. In all other respects they agree perfectly with a large specimen (no. 2865), 13 inches long, taken with hook and line at Loring, July 7. We have also 3 specimens 12 to 13.5 inches long collected Be represen ese Seneca ce, Siaee: 2 <2 Lene sess Ka Dy Fic. 31.—Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius). by the Albatross in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Killisnoo. The species isnow known from Kodiak Island, Aleutian Islands, Chignik Bay, Loring, Mary Island, Tolstoi Bay, Nakat Harbor, and Port Chester. As our 13-inch specimen is more than twice the size of those upon which current descriptions were based, we give the following notes on it: Head 3.2 in length; depth 2.8; oblique rows of scales 60, plus a few small scales on base of caudal fin; pores 50; eye 4 in head, equaling snout; interorbital width about equaling eye; fifth dorsal spine 2.75 in head. Our examples have been compared with the 3 small specimens from Kodiak in the National Museum and one 7.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island, August 14, 1888, with which they agree. Epinephelus ciliatus Tilesius, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., Iv, 1810, 474, ‘‘Camtschaticus et Americanus’’: no defin- ite locality given, probably from about Kodiak Island. Perca variahilis Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 241, 1811, AleutianIslands. (Type in museum of Berlin; red exam- ples of S. aleutianus included as the summer coloration.) ‘ 282 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.. 74. Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert. Black Rockfish. One specimen (no. 1670) 14 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Attu Island in 1893, and 2 others (no. 2165 and 2166), each 15 inches long, collected by the same vessel at Killisnoo. The species ranges from the Aleutian Islands to San Diego, and about San Francisco.is the most abundant of the family. It occurs in shallow water and reaches a length of about 14 inches. - Pe Fig. 32.—Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert. 75. Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean). One fine specimen 143 inches long (no. 2864), taken on hook at Loring by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain in July. Dorsal xm, 14; anal mt, 7; 61 pores in lateral line; only the nasal, preocular, and parietal spines present; mandible apparently naked; gillrakers 10 + 25, the longest 1.75 in eye. The collection contains also 4 other specimens which we refer to this species, seined at Metlakahtla, July 10. They are each about 4 inches in length and agree in all essentials with the large specimen. AEE ARAKI Nee ae Si ) si . BE RK, BAN b) is 3,9 AY Ai Sas) D9 shah Fig. 33.—Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean). Each of them, however, shows a very distinct black spot on the membranes of the ninth to thirteenth dorsal spines; colors otherwise agreeing with the large examples. ; Originally described by Beza (1884) as Sebastichthys proriger brevispinis from Hassler Harbor. This is a rare species, as yet known only from the type and the 5 specimens here recorded. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 283 ° 76. Sebastodes alutus Gilbert. The collection contains 20 specimens of this species, representing the following localities: Dredging stations 3486, 3489, 3490, 3449, 3459, 4223, 4227, 4228 (4 specimens), 4249, (tag no. 2898), 4253 (tag no. 2905), 4283, 4284 (3 specimens), 4285, 4289 (5 small specimens and one large example no. 3000), 4290 (tag no. 2995), and 4292. These specimens range in length from 4.4 to 15 inches. We have also exam- ined 8 small specimens 3 to 5 inches long dredged among the Santa Barbara Islands at station 2840, and 2 specimens (paper tag no. 110 and 111), each about 4.5 inches long, from Albatross station 3599, June 9, 1894, in Bering Sea. These specimens had a number of parasites upon them. All these specimens agree in the main with the excellent original description of the species. Speci- men no. 2898, 9.25 inches long, from Eastern Passage (vicinity of Stikine River Delta), shows some differences, the body being more slender, the eye larger, snout longer, maxillary longer, and the mandible more projecting. It gives the following measurements: Head 2.75; depth 3.5; eye 3.1; snout 4.4; maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 15; anal m1, 8; gillrakers 10 + 28. The young differ somewhat from the adult. The following detailed description is based on a speci- men (no. 97) 4.5 inches long from station 4285: Head 2.8 in body; depth 3.5; eye 3.1 in head; maxillary 2.2; mandible 1.8; snout 4; interorbital 4.8; dorsal xm, 15; anal, 8; ventrals1, 5; pectorals 18; pores 47-+1 on tail, about 51 transverse series of scales. Rf Biers ay ES Fig. 34.—Sebastodes alutus Gilbert. Body ovate, compressed, both dorsal and ventral outlines gently curved; head moderate; mouth medium, slightly oblique, the tip of premaxillary on a level with pupil, the gape extending to under nostril; maxillary extending toa little beyond vertical at middle of orbit; mandible to posterior margin of pupil; teeth minute, in narrow bands on palatines, a triangular patch on vomer, bands on upper jaw terminating anteriorly in rounded lobes, leaving a vacant space at symphysis, the teeth each side of vacant space slightly enlarged; band on lower jaw narrow, the symphyseal patch somewhat raised and its teeth somewhat enlarged, this patch fitting into the vacant space above; lower jaw slightly projecting, entering profile, a small symphyseal knob; tongue rather large, fleshy, acute; buccal cavity rather pale; interorbital space tolerably broad, 1.5 in eye, and very slightly concave; cranial ridges rather sharp and tolerably well defined, the following spines present: nasal, preorbital, supraorbital, postorbital, tympanic and parietal, all these small, but stout and sharp; a stout humeral spine; opercular spines two, triangular, united at base; preopercular spines five, rather stout. Scales on jaws, cheeks, and occiput, a barren patch above suborbital stay; scales on body very weakly ctenoid, as are those on occiput; scales on jaws, cheeks, and breast cycloid. Dorsal fin rather low, its longest (fifth) spine 2.45 in head, longest ray about 3 in head (probably broken); base of fin about 1.8 in body, its origin above tip of opercular flap; distance from tip of snout to origin about 2.9 in body; fin membranes some- what incised, leaving about one-third of the spines exserted; border of fin not deeply emarginate; anal not high, length of longest ray 2.1 in head, the base the same length; second anal spine longest, not conspicuously stouter than others, its tip reaching slightly beyond tip of third spine but not to tip of 284 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. nearest rays; ventrals rather narrow, acute, length 1.6 in head, tips not reaching vent by quite a percep- tible distance; pectorals rather broad, acute, 1.25 in head, tips reaching nearly to vent, lower 9 rays very slightly thickened, not branched, upper rays branched; caudal 1.55 in head, apparently truncate; gill cavity somewhat dusky; gillrakers 11 + 25, rather long and slender, 1.9 in eye; peritoneum black. Color in alcohol, light yellowish-brown above, somewhat silvery below; occiput, line along base of dorsal, and spot on opercle dusky; dorsal more or less dusky, the edge of the membrane blackish. 77. Sebastodes pinniger (Gill). Orange Rockfish. One specimen 5 inches long from station 4220 in Admiralty Inlet, July 1. It is a female with well advanced eggs. Head 3.25 in body; depth 3; eye 3.5 in head; maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 14; anal ur, 7; scales 45. A specimen 4.5 inches long from station 4193. Dorsal xm, 14; head 3; eye 3; gillrakers 12 + 26, long and slender. Another example 3.5 inches long from station 4205. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and ranges from San Diego to Puget Sound. Fic. 35.—Sebastodes pinniger (Gill). 78. Sebastodes aleutianus Jordan & Evermann. (Pl. xvi.) This species is certainly known only from the type locality, Shelikof Strait, off Kodiak Island. 79. Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert). Two specimens 2.5 and 2.75 inches long seined at Metlakahtla, and 3 others, 2.5, 4.25, and 6 inches, dredged at station 4228 (Naha Bay). Head 3; eyes 2.75; snout 4; interorbital 4; pores 43; scales about 50; dorsal xm, 14; anal m, 7; gillrakers 11+23, long and slender, 2 in eye. ; An example 9 inches long from station 3129, off the coast of central California, March 13, 1890, has the head 2.75; snout 4.25; depth 3.2; gillrakers 10+23, 2.1 in eye; eye 3.2. Longest ee spine 2.5 in head. Another example (paper tag no. 102), from Barclay Sound, had the gillrakers 9+22, long and slender, 2.2 in eye. We have compared our specimens with others in the National Museum and find them identical. This fish ranges from southern California to southeast Alaska in waters of moderate depth. It reaches a foot in length. PLATE XVi. Bull, U. S. B. F. 1906. “Gd AL "NNVWUSAS VY NVONOP SANVILAD IV SaCO.LSVEas et v “ae ’ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 285 80. Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.65 in body; depth 3.1; eye 3.2 in head; snout 4.2; maxillary 2; mandible 1.8; interorbital about 2 in eye, 6 in head; dorsal xm, 18; anal mm, 7; scales 42 in oblique series, about 32 pores. Body oblong-ovate, compressed, the dorsal and ventral contours gently curved, the dorsal sloping rather gently both ways from the nape; caudal peduncle rather slender, its least depth 1.15 in eye; head large, bluntish; interorbital space rather narrow, somewhat concave, a pronounced ridge inside of each supraocular ridge; nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal, and coronal spines all present, rather strong; preorbital narrow, with two broad flat lobes on the upper half; two broad flat humeral spines; opercular spines strong, somewhat diverging; preopercular spines moderately strong, the second longest, the first, second, and third projecting backward, but somewhat diverging, the fourth and fifth short and blunt, projecting downward and backward, all about equally spaced; teeth in rather narrow villiform bands on both jaws and palatines, a triangular patch on vomer; the band of teeth on upper jaw broadening to rounded lobes anteriorly, leaving a small, naked interspace at the symphysis into which the symphyseal knob of the lower jaw fits; the tongue small, short, and broadly rounded; maxillary reaching vertical at posterior edge of pupil, its width at the tip 2 in eye; lower jaw scarcely projecting; the mouth somewhat oblique; premaxillary on a level with lower edge of pupil; gillrakers.8+21, rather long and slender, the longest about 2 in eye. Dorsal long, its origin AVERNSSESESSS : We GAELS SOS CASENRNIR CS Fig. 36.—Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. a little in front of the rounded opercular flap, the distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equaling the length of head; base of dorsal about 1.8 in length of body; dorsal spines moderately strong, curved, the longest about equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil; dorsal rays somewhat shorter; notch between spinous and soft dorsal not pronounced; second anal spine strong, curved, about equal- ing the third in length; ventrals short, not reaching vent; pectorals long, reaching vertical at vent; scales rather adherent, finely ctenoid; top of head, opercles, cheek, and maxillary scaled; mandible naked. _ Color in alcohol, pinkish-brown, with indistinct, dusky, black patch above lateral line; cheek somewhat dusky, a black patch on upper edge of opercle and a smaller one at lower end; axil black; dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventrals tipped with black; inside of mouth pale; under side of opercle posterior to pseudobranchiz with a black patch. This species appears to be related to Sebastodes crameri, from which it differs in the narrower and more concave interorbital, the stronger ridges on the head, the stronger cranial spines, the presence of coronal spines, the smaller eye, the longer maxillary, the less strongly arched body, and the fewer pores in the lateral line. 286 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. | Our collection contains two specimens—the type, no. 57821, U. S. National Museum (field no. 2872), 6.25 inches long, from Albatross station 4234 in Yes Bay, Alaska; and the cotype, no. 2893 (no. 5228, Bureau of Fisheries), 3.5 inches long, from Albatross station 4246, Kasaan Bay, Alaska. This species is named in honor of the late Lieut. Franklin Swift, U. S. Navy, the efficient com- mander of the Albatross during the Alaska investigations in 1903. 81. Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert). - The collection contains 2 small specimens (no. 2784 and 2785), 3.25 and 3.5 inches long, dredged at station 4191, in Nanaimo Harbor, June 19. We have also examined a specimen (no. 101) 6.75 inches long, collected by the Albatross in 1890, probably off the California coast. No. 2784 in life was light red, brownish on back, coppery on head; belly below lateral line abruptly silvery, scarcely washed with red; back with 5 obscure dull orange saddles, very diffuse, extending below lateral line, the one below soft dorsal broadest; head all red, the opercle with many dark dots; dorsal red, slightly orange shaded, pinkish at tips, the soft dorsal with a black cross-blotch about half- way up from behind third to sixth soft ray; black on membranes, not on rays; caudal faint orange, base reddish, tips pale; anal like soft dorsal, the black blotch fainter, larger, from behind second spine to third soft ray; pectoral and ventral pinkish-red; inside of mouth red; gill-cavity white; peritoneum black. Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.1; eye 3.3 in head; snout 5.1; maxillary 2.25; mandible 1.9; inter- orbital 1.5 in eye, 4.5 in head; dorcel xii, 12; anal 11, 8; pores in lateral line 34, to 41. Nasal, pre- ocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present, all well developed; preorbital with 2 blunt diverging spines; 2 small humeral spines; gillrakers 11-+-23, long and slender, 2 in eye. No. 2785 has more black on second dorsal, less on anal; membranes of spinous dorsal dusky edged; a little dusky on upper edge of opercle; general color light brick red, the belly abruptly silvery. These specimens have been compared with the types in the National Museum, with which they are found to agree. The species reaches a length of a foot or less, and occurs on our Pacific coast from the Cuonaae Islands northward to Nanaimo. 82. Sebastodes introniger (Gilbert). One small specimen 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4243, in Kasaan Bay, agrees in most respects with the original description of this species. Head 2.75; eye, 2.75; dorsal x1, 14; anal m1, 6; scales about 45, 31 pores; gillrakers 8-20, rather long and edden: 2 in eye. Four specimens, 3.85 to 4.75 inches long from station 4223, in Boca de Quadra. These do not show the black gill-cavity and mouth which introniger is said to have. We have one other specimen, no. 1088, 20 inches long, dredged at station 3324, Bering Sea, August, 1890. The species has also been recorded from Bering Sea at stations 3311, 3317, 3324, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895). The known range of this fish is from Santa Barbara to Bering Sea, in waters of moderate depth. 83. Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer. Red Rock Cod; Red Rockfish. (PI. x.tt.) The collection contains 1 large specimen (no. 2868) 12 inches long from Boca de Quadra, where it was caught on hook and line, July 5, at a considerable depth. When brought to the surface its stomach had been thrown out into its mouth. This specimen agrees with current descriptions. (The colored painting was made from life, from an example about 2 feet long, taken at Loring, where the species is not uncommon. ) Gillrakers 9+18, short, rough, clavate, 3 in eye, first 5 on short arm and last 7 on long arm mere tubercles. Head 2.6; depth 2.6; eye 4.5; dorsal x11, 15; anal m1, 7; scales 50, pores 44; maxillary 2.1; mandible 1.66. We have also 3 specimens 18, 19, and 14 inches long, collected respectively at Hunter Bay, Mary Island, and Mink Arm, and a specimen 19 inches long collected in Union Bay. The species has been recorded by Bean (1882), as Sebastichthys ruber, from off Point Bingham; Jacobi Island; Gulf of Alaska; and Kygani Strait. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 287 The red rockfish is one of the largest of the family. It attains a length of more than 2 feet and a weight of many pounds. Asa food fish it is of considerable importance, the flesh being fairly firm and of good flavor, and it takes the baited hook freely and possesses some game qualities. It is known to occur from San Diego to Boca de Quadra and Loring in southeast Alaska in moderate depths. 84. Sebastodes rosaceus (Girard). Orange-red Rockfish. Two specimens (no. 2822 and 2823), 5.2 and 9 inches long, seined near Marrowstone Point, June 29, and 1 example (paper tag no. 105), 9.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 2887, off the coast of Oregon, October 19, 1888. ; The membranes of the dorsal and anal fins are deeply incised, being very different from all other species with which we are acquainted. In the soft dorsal and anal the interradial membranes do not reach more than two-fifths of the length of the rays. We have compared our specimens with 9 others from Santa Barbara and find that some of the latter show the same structure, though the majority show little or no incision of these membranes. This species reaches a length of a foot or more and is a good pan fish. Its range extends from San Diego to Puget Sound. 85. Sebastodes rupestris (Gilbert). The collection contains 3 specimens 4.75 to 6 inches long (nos. 2906-8) from station 4253, in Stephens Passage, and one 6 inches long from station 4231 in Behm Canal. The last specimen has 14 spines in the dorsal, but in all other respects it agrees with the other specimens. ‘Maxillary in all three specimens reaches to posterior margin of pupil; gillrakers 9 +16 (+4 tubercles), more numerous than usually given in descriptions. Comparison of our specimens with the types shows no imporant differences. The black on the fins in the types has faded, while in ours it is still very distinct. Ours also have a large dark opercular spot not mentioned in the description of the types. We have also compared our specimens with the types of Sebastichthys aurora and find them to agree fully. We are unable to discover any characters by means of which they can be distinguished, and are therefore compelled to unite these two nominal species. S. rupestris as here understood ranges from the Santa Barbara Islands northward to Southeast Alaska (Stephens Passage and Behm Canal). Sebastichthys rupestris Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 1890 (July 1), 76, Albatross station 2946, in 150 fathoms off southern California. Sebastichthys aurora Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat Mus., x11, 1890 (July 1), 80, Albatross stations 2948 and 2960, in 266 and 267 fathoms, off southern California. 86. Sebastodes dalli (Eigenmann & Beeson). A single specimen (no. 2820), 8 inches long, taken on hook at Union Bay, June 23. It appears to agree with S. dalli, except that the maxillary is closely scaled on the posterior half. Gillrakers 7+-18, longest 2 in eye, the first 5 on the short limb blunt and rough-tubercular, the last 8 on the long arm similar. Scales 61 or 62, about 45 in oblique series along lower portion of side; head 3; depth 3; eye 4.5; snout 4.5; interorbital a little less than eye. Dorsal 13; anal 6; dorsal spines 1.75 in head; nasal, postocular, preocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present; coronal spine on right side and nuchal spine on right side present; a small humeral spine present; preorbital with one broad spine. Mandible naked; maxillary closely scaled on posterior half. The only specimens previously known are the type (from San Francisco) and another from Vancouver Island. 87. Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson). We have 15 specimens 2 to 5.5 inches long collected by Osgood and Heller at Queen Charlotte Island, July, 1900; one specimen (no. 1820), 10.5 inches long, collected in 1895 in Klemtoo Harbor; one 11.5 inches long obtained by the Albatross at Sitka in 1896; one 9.5 inches long by Luttrell at Sitka; one 20 inches long collected at station 3449, off Washington; 19 specimens collected near Seattle in 1903 by 288 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mr. J. E. Todd, and 2 by Mr. Chamberlain at Dolomi in 1903. Thespecies has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from Old Sitka and Chacon and (1884) from Mary Island. It was described originally from Sitka. Interorbital flat; gillrakers 9+ 19, the longest 2 in orbit, the last six on lower limb mere tubercles, the first four on vertical limb short, rough, and somewhat clavate. Sebastodes caurinus, Osgood, North American Fauna No, 21, September 26, 1901, p. 20 (Queen Charlotte Islands). nY Secon tc: She yy es Ne So a i Fig. 37.—Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson). i 88. Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). Yellow-backed Rockjish. Two specimens (nos. 108 and 109), 6.5 and 7.5 inches long, seined at Union Bay, June 22, and 2 caught on hook at same place June 23; also 2 (nos. 2954 and 2955), 8.5 and 9.5 inches long, taken on eRe Be Se ~~ Fig. 38.—Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). : hook at Sitka, July 28; 5 specimens, 12.5 to 14 inches long, were taken by the Albatross at Mary Island; and a single specimen 13 inches long at Klemtoo Harbor in 1895. Two other specimens, one taken by Luttrell at Sitka and one by H. C. Fassett at Klawak. These all agree well with specimens in the National Museum, No. 2954 may be described as follows: fe) THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 289 Head 2.9; depth 2.9; eye 4; snout 4.1; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; interorbital 5.25; dorsal xm, 12; anal m1, 6; gillrakers 8+ 19, rather stout, longest 2.75 in eye; scales 57, pores 48; longest dorsal spine 1.8 in head; longest dorsal rays 2.1 in head. In other specimens the gillrakers were 10+ 21 or 10+ 19. Body short, stout, and deep; mouth slightly oblique, lower jaw not projecting, maxillary nearly reaching posterior border of orbit: mandible and maxillary not scaled; nasal, preocular, postocular, tym- panic and parietal spines present; nuchal, coronal, and supraocular spines absent; preorbital with 2 broad, low points, not spine-like. This species is known to range irom Monterey to Sitka in rather deep water, being abundant north- ward. It reaches a length of about 2 feet. It was also recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882) as Sebastichthys maliger. 89. Sebastodes nebulosus (Ayres). A small specimen (no. 112), 2.5 inches long. from station 4204, off Fort Rupert. We have also 2 others, 11 and 12 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905. Bean (1884) records it from Mary Island. The following measurements are taken from the small example from station 4204: Head 2.75; depth 3.6; eye 2.9; dorsal xm, 13; anal m1, 6; scales 45 to 47, about 42 pores; gill- rakers long and slender; nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present. The color, however, does not exactly agree with that given for this species. Our specimen in alcohol is clayey white, mottled with large, irregular brown blotches, about 4 along side above lateral line, 2 or 3 immediately below it, and 3 along lower part of side; spinous and soit dorsals similarly mottled. 90. Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres). Black-banded Rockfish. Two specimens, 13 and 14 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905, and one specimen (no. 2863), 12 inches long, taken by Mr. Chamberlain on hook and line at Naha Bay, Loring, July 7, 1903, where he states that the species is common. This specimen gives the following meas- urements: SS Fig. 39.—Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres). Head 2.65; depth 2.67; eye 4; dorsal xm, 14; anal m1, 7; scales 52; pores 44; snout 4.5; gillrakers 9+ 21, stiff, rough, clavate, the longest 3.5 in eye, the terminal ones of each arm reduced to tubercles. It differs from typical examples in the following respects: There is a small supraocular spine on the left side; the mandible is pretty well covered with very minute, thin cycloid scales; the nuchal spines coalesce with the parietal. Color in life: Body blood red; cheek with a black stripe downward from front of eye to lower edge of cheek; another from eye backward and downward to branchiostegals; a large black blotch on upper B. B. F.1906—19 290 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. part of opercle; a broad black bar from front of dorsal downward to opercle, connecting with black opercular blotch; another and much broader from fifth to seventh dorsal spine nearly vertically down- ward to belly; another from ninth to twelfth dorsal spine to vent; two others from soft dorsal to soft anal, these fusing below; fins all red, the dorsal and anal encroached upon by the black sidebars; a short black area behind eye; base of pectoral blotched with blackish. This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and is known to range from Monterey Bay to Naha Bay. Recorded (1884) by Bean from Mary Island. Family 31. ANOPLOPOMATIDZ. 91. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas). Black Cod. The black cod, coalfish, beshow, or skil, as it is variously called, occurs on our Pacific Coast from Monterey Bay to the Aleutian Islands. It was taken by the Albatross at station 2869, in 1888, at Cordova Bay in 1897, and at Loring, Pyramid Harbor, and Taku Harbor in 1900. One specimen from each place is in the collection. Bean, in 1882, records it from Sitka and Wrangell and in 1884 from Hassler Harbor. We also have one specimen (no. 02825), 14 inches long, taken with hook and line over the rail off Fort Rupert (1903). This species is known at Loring and Taku as black cod; at San Francisco it is called candle-fish, and on Puget Sound, horse mackerel; it is sometimes sold in the markets as Spanish mackerel; in the Straits of Fuca it is known as beshow by the Neah Bay Indians. It is found usually in rather deep water and is perhaps most abundant in the Puget Sound region. It is seen oftener in the Seattle markets than in those of any other place. It attains a length of 18 to 20 inches and a weight of 5 pounds. As a food fish it occupies only a moderate rank, the flesh being rather dry and tasteless. On Puget Sound, however, where it reaches a larger size and is fatter than elsewhere, it is more highly esteemed, particularly by the Indians. It is said to feed on crustaceans, worms, and small fishes. As a game fish it is not without interest, taking the hook readily and making a fair fight. It can be taken with cut bait at depths from 2 to 15 fathoms. Family 32. HEXAGRAMMIDA. The Greenlings. 92. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas). Atka Mackerel; Atka-fish. This interesting fish occurs in the North Pacific, chiefly among the Aleutian Islands. It was described originally by Pallas in 1810 from specimens obtained at Unalaska. Its center of abundance Fic. 40.—Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas). seems to be in the passages about the islands of Atka and Attu. . It is known also from about the Pribilof Islands and eastward through the Aleutian Chain to Belkofski and the Shumagins. Stejneger found it at Saranskaya, Bering Island. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Unalaska, Chernofski, and Attu; Turner (1886) found it at Unalaska, Amlia Pass, Captains Harbor, Atka, and Attu; Gilbert (1895) lists it from Unalaska; and Evermann found it in abundance during the last week of May (1892) at Atka and Attu. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 291 The best account of the habits of this fish is that given by Turner. It is so interesting and instructive that its republication, with some slight modification, is justified. Turner says: 4 When I arrived at Unalaska in 1878 I heard much talk about the ‘‘mackerel.’’ During the summer of that year I had an opportunity of conversing with those who frequented the western islands of the Chain, where these fish were said to abound. Several persons referred to these fish as ‘‘Spanish mackerel,’’ others called them ‘‘horse mackerel” and ‘‘ Alaskan mackerel,’’ and under several scientific names. They were served at the table on several occasions, and all who ate of them highly praised their good qualities and spoké of their great resemblance in taste to the Atlantic mackerel. It was not until in May, 1879, that I had an opportunity of visiting the locality where they were said to. be abundant. During the summer of 1879 I was at Atka Island, and soon made inquiry concerning the fish. I was told that they make their appearance in the narrow pass between the islands of Atka and Amlia about the Ist of June, and that the fish invariably come from the Pacific Ocean, which here mingles its waters with that of Bering Sea. The first arrivals of fish are the males of largest size and beauty of color. They arrive a few days before and await the arrival of the females and immature males. By the 18th of June the fish have come in countless thousands. They arrange themselves with their heads toward the tide currents which rush violently through the pass. The flood tide sets in from the Pacific, while the ebb flows toward the Pacific, or, in other words, a southerly directed current for the ebb and a northerly directed current for the flood tide. The pass is very rocky, with numerous sunken rocks in the middle and on the eastern side. The western side of the pass has the deepest water and is 3 fathoms deep in the channel. On the north side of the pass numerous ledges of rocks, hidden rocks, kelp patches, and small islets of but few feet above the water’s edge are to be found. It would be very difficult navigation for a vessel of over 20 tons to go through there with safety. The natives of the present day cross pretty well to the north side of the pass until they get under Amlhia Island and then run near the shore of Amlia with their small bidari or open boats. Among the seaweeds or kelp patches on a cloudy day of clear lower atmosphere the fish may be seen in the following order: The young males and immature females form a stratum of three or four fish deep and several feet | wide; beneath these a second stratum of older males and females, whose roe is not yet developed, and will later, in the spawning season, take their place with those in the third stratum, which is compcsed of vigorous males and females. The latter are the most abundant. The female deposits her eggs on the. kelp, though much of it must doubtless be lost by the swift currents washing it off. These males and females remain in this place until the spawning season is over, generally by the 20th of July, after which they gradually disperse and quickly find their way back to the Pacific. Many times I have seen huge halibut lying like large flagstones beneath the lower stratum of fish, waiting for one to come within reach. Without moving a great distance I could see over a dozen halibut at atime. I estimated the weight of some of the larger ones to be not less than 350 pounds. The natives of Atka repair to this place and have several turf houses of small size built there. It is also a garden spot where a few vegetables, such as radishes, turnips, and a few potatoes, are planted. To attend to their gardens and to be near the fishing grounds the Aleuts of many places have built these summer villages. Here assemble all the old men not able to hunt and the children and women of the hunters gone off on a summer’s cruise for sea otters. These lay in a store of dried and salted fish for their sons and friends. The natives obtain the greater number of the fish in the following manner: Each man has a two- holed bidarka (canoe). In it a small boy sits in the front hole while the old man sits in the rear hole. The man uses a pole of several feet in length (generally not less than 12 feet long), on which is firmly secured a hook of iron, having a flattened point with a sharp edge and a notch filed on the inner side to act asa barb. When the canoe arrives at the place the boy is ordered to seize hold of a strong frond of the giant kelp, which streams out sometimes for over a hundred feet, and among which the fish are most abundant. After coming thus to anchor the man carefully thrusts the pole into the water, and if the fish are plentiful he will soon feel them surging against it. He now begins to jerk it up and down in the water to gig any fish that may come along. In a few seconds he brings one out. The work now becomes exciting, for scarcely has the pole been again thrust in the water than it is jerked into another fish. A man may thus, in a couple of hours, take 200 to 300 fish. After the canoe is loaded it is taken to the shore, where the women slit open the back of the fish, take off the head, clean out the entrails, and with a cut on each side the backbone is removed to the tail. The two sides of the fish are left hanging together by the tail. This is to enable the fish to be hung over a pole to dry. Often the men bring the fish directly to the principal village and clean them there, though this is done more often when the fish are to be salted. At the season between June 25 and July 25 the fish are extremely fat from the abundance of a small crustacean, which has previously come in myriads to the same places as these fish. The fish which are to be dried are usually taken about the Ist of August, as they are so fat before that time that I have seen the oil drip from the drying fish. They also, from the presence of the oil, become rancid in a short time and are said not to keep so well. At Attu Island also I had an excellent opportunity for studying the habits of these fish. At this place the fish are most abundant at the entrance to Chichagof Harbor, on the northeast shoulder of the aContributions to the Natural History of Alaska, by L. M. Turner, p. 96, Washington, 1886. 992 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. island. Several islets and many reefs are disposed nearly across the entrance to the harbor. Between these the tide currents run with great velocity. An abundance of large kelp patches is found in the vicinity. The fish arrive at Attu, from the southwestward, about the 24th of April, though this date varies according to the openness of the season. It is rarely later than the Ist of May. The fish come at first in a straggling manner, and their first appearance is made known by their being caught on hooks while the men are fishing for other kinds. The first comers are usually nearly adult males. They are not fat on arrival, but soon become so from the abundance of small crustaceans that fairly swarm among the patches of seaweed by the 10th of May, and at which time the fish are tolerably numerous. By the 10th of June thousands of these fish can be seen in the shallow water (about 14 to 8 fathoms deep) below. The natives here take considerable quantities of these fish and dry them for use at an early date. They rarely salt them for the reason that, they state, this fish makes the consumer thirsty. When they go to catch them they visit the various localities known to be the haunts of these fish, and by looking beneath the mass of kelp fronds can see them if present; if not, the fish are off in the open water. They then watch every floating piece of detached seaweed. It is constantly turning round and round, like in an eddy of water. The fish are playing with it, and there will be found an abundance. The gaff is quickly thrust into the water, and one is soon struck and brought out. I here had opportunity to come to the conclusion that these fish will bite readily at the hook. I saw them jump and struggle to get at the gaff and could feel them strike against it while it was in the water, and at times it was impossible to hold it in position, as the mass of moving fish carried it along with them. Any kind of fresh fish may be used as bait on a small cod hook for these fish. A piece of scarlet flannel tied above the hook is good to attract the fish, as they will then bite voraciously. With a hook a person can catch the fish as fast as put into the water. With the use of several hooks on one line, several fish may be taken at once. With the gaff the fish are taken in great quantities, equal toalldemands. The run lasts at Attu until July 25, after which the fish are spent and slowly disappear from the waters. These fish were not known at Attu previous to 1875. They came unexpectedly and were caught on hooks set for other fish. Since that time the people have had an abundance of them. From my own observations I am led to assert that 500 barrels of 200 pounds each can be procured at Attu in the season from June 1 to July 31.. At the entrance to Chichagof Harbor is the only known locality at Attu where these fish resort. The natives assert that the coming of these fish was coincident with the disappearance of the sea lion (Humetopias stelleri), and those natives maintain that the fish drove the sea lions off—just opposite to my own conclusions, for I think the fish come to those places where they will be least perse- cuted by the sea lions. These fish are also reported to be abundant at Kiska Island, between the islands of Atka and Adak; also between Unalga and Unalaska, and also in the passes between some of the Shumagin Islands. I saw a few individuals in Captains Harbor, Unalaska Island, in the early part of July, 1881. This is the first instance of their occurrence in that locality. They were small in size and of the size which constitutes the upper stratum as spoken of in regard to the disposition of the fish on the spawning grounds of Amlia Pass. This fish could be easily taken in great quantities, especially at Amlia Passand Attu. Some writers of Alaskan affairs have mentioned exorbitant prices paid for a barrel of salted fish of this kind. They can be prepared at a cost of $2 per barrel for the fish at either Attu or Amlia. The cost of the barrel and salt, of course, is to be added. Only the necessary sheds for protecting the barrels from the weather would have to be erected. Native help could be procured at a cost of $1 per day for a man and 50 to 75 cents per day for the women, who can clean the fish as expertly as the men. This species appeared at Atka about May 15, 1892, the large ones coming first. Natives stated that the fish are always found in the kelp and that they disappear late in September and early in October. They sometimes come into the harbor even in front of the village. Small ones, half the size of the largest, appear in July. Sea lions killed at various times throughout the winter frequently have their stomachs filled with Atka mackerel; hence it is believed these fish remain about the islands all the year. Captain Lennon found Atka mackerel in stomachs of fur seals taken in Bering Seain July. They evidently spawn in June. Numerous females examined May 28 were found with nearly ripe roe, the eggs being about the size of no. 6 shot. There is no other fish of the Aleutian Islands, whether in salt water or fresh, that is so interesting . to the angler as the Atka mackerel. In the first place it is a most beautiful fish, with its alternating broad bands of glossy black and chrome yellow and its trim form; and its game qualities are of no mean order. It takes the hook readily and makes a good fight. The usual method of taking it is by ‘“jigging.”? On May 28, 1892, the senior author had excellent sport catching these fish near the mouth of the bay at Attu. Three hooks tied together in a bunch were used, and just above them was tied a piece of white muslin. The line was weighted so that the hooks would descend quickly. When they had reached the bottom, or near it, they would be jerked up and down and the fish, striking at the muslin, would be hooked or would catch the hook in their mouths. The lines would be let down through the kelp in water 15 to 25 feet deep. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 293 The fish were in schools and it was easy to get great numbers; in fact, one would be kept busy hauling in the fish and taking them off the hook. Usually they were near the bottom when the fish- ing began, but they soon became greatly excited and would come near the surface, where they could be seen swimming about as if greatly disturbed and evidently searching for the piece of white muslin which had attracted their attention. When first hooked they would come up very readily; in fact, they seemed to swim upward until near the surface when they would become alarmed and dart back and forth in their efforts to free themselves. Then the sport was very exciting. The Atka mackerel reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 or 4 pounds. The average weight of 585 fish was about 2} pounds and the maximum 3} pounds. Commercially this species has never come into the prominence which its excellence as a food fish justifies. Asa fresh fish it is delicious either baked or fried. It takes salt well, and in that con- dition is a very palatable and nutritious article of food. There seems to be no good reason why an important fishery should not be established. 93. Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas). Rock Trout. Four specimens 3 to 8 inches long, collected at Sucia Island, Gulf of Georgia, May 6, 1894. No. 2230-2233 and 2235, each about -14 inches long, collected by the Albatross in Redfish Bay, Baranof Island, September 6, 1897, showing the two distinct color patterns, and no. 1729 (1763), a specimen 13 inches long, collected at Sitka by Luttrell. Fic. 41.—Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas). Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Old Sitka; Chatham Strait; and Unalaska, and in 1884 from Tolstoi Bay. Nelson (1887), Unalaska. This species, also called boregat and bodieron by the Russians, ranges from Point Conception to Kodiak Island. It is most abundant southward and is common at San Francisco.- It attains a length of 18 inches and is a good food fish. 94. Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas). Alaska Greenling. This species has been obtained by the Albatros at Uganuk Bay, Kodiak Island (1897), Attu Island, Sucia Island, and Akutan Bay (1894), Tareinski Harbor, and Unalaska, Litnik Bay (1900). Bean has recorded it (1882) as H. ordinatus from Old Sitka, from Popoff Island (Shumagin Group), and Iluliuk and Chernofski; and Nelson (1887) records it from Unalaska. It has been recorded also from Petro- paulski, from Robben Island, and Iturup Island. In 1903 the Albatross seined an example (no. 2971) 9.5inches long at Uyak Bay, another (no. 2976) 10 inches long at Snug Harbor, and one 10.25 inches long at Union Bay. An example (no. 151) 4.25 inches long from Tareinski Harbor shows plainly the black humeral spot and 7 black transverse bars on anal fin; supraoccipital flap very small, about equal to pupil; a few white spots on side. 994 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The center of abundance of this species seems to be among the Aleutian Islands, and its range extends westward to Petropaulski and Robben Island and south to Sitka. The species attains a length of a foot or more and is a good pan fish. Fig. 42.—Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas). 95. Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. Greenling. This species seems to be rather common all along the coast of Alaska, specimens having been taken, with hook or seine at Marrowstone Point; Otter Bay, Sucia Island; Alert Bay, Union Bay, Kilisut Har- bor, Metlakahtla, Cleveland Passage, Loring, Skagway, Sitka, Killisnoo, and Litnik Bay. The specimens taken were chiefly small ones, the smallest being 3 inches long—one each from Litnik Bay and Ankau River, the largest 13.5 inches long irom Litnik Bay; another specimen, 13.25 inches long, is from Marrowstone Point. The specimen irom Marrowstone Point had in life back and side olivaceous with paler greenish spots; side with about 8 darker vertical bars, these ill defined; head greenish olivaceous; belly and under parts Fic. 43.—Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. yellowish, dusted with dusky greenish; dorsal olivaceous, with small yellowish spots more or less coales- cing and large blackish areas near base; caudal orange red; anal with 6 oblique lemon bars, separating broader darker bars, edge of fin bluish reddish; pectoral reddish yellow, barred with darker; ventral pale yellowish with reddish tinge. The young are much blotched and mottled with bars on the side. These markings tend to disappear in the larger examples, leaving the color in alcohol uniform brownish. The species has also been recorded as Hexagramus asper (Nelson 1887) from St. Michael. Bean (1882) records it from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Unalaska, Atka, St. Michael, and Port Clarence. Gilbert (1895), stations 3228, 3229, 3231 to 3234, 3239 to 3241, 3243, and 3245 in Bristol Bay. : The species ranges from Kamchatka and Unalaska to San Francisco, being perhaps most abundant in Puget Sound. It reaches a length of a foot and is of value as a food fish. : : : : : THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 995 96. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas). Red Rock Trout. Three specimens, 11 to 14.63 inches long, obtained by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, where another 18.5 inches long, was collected in 1893 by the Albatross. We have also examined Nelson’s (1887) specimens from Kyska; Akutan Bay; Redfish Bay, and Unalaska; Bean’s from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Amchitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Chernofski, and Attu; and Gilbert’s (1895) from Makushin and Chernofski Bays, Unalaska Island and stations 3244 and 3245 in Bristol Bay. Fig. 44. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas). We fail to find any differences in the supraocular flap of this species and that of octogrammus. Dr. Gilbert says it may be distinguished from octogrammus by the larger flap, smoother scales, and deeper notch in the dorsal. The deeper notch in the dorsal and the complete fourth lateral line in swpercili- osus are the only marked differences we can find in our specimens. The specimen from Redfish Bay is very highly colored with large white spots and bars, the spots being on base of pectoral and lower part of body, the bars running irregularly over body and head. This species ranges from Bering Sea to Monterey Bay bit is most abundant northward. It grows to a length of nearly 2 feet and is a palatable food fish. 97. Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas). (Pl. xv, fig. 2.) The home of this species is in the western parts of Bering Sea. It is known to occur about Bering, Robben, and Iturup islands. The only specimen known from Alaskan waters was obtained at Attu in 1894 by the Albatross. Itis no. 1665, U.S. National Museum, and is 19 inches long. Fia. 45.—Ophiodon elongatus Girard. 98. Ophiodon elongatus Girard. Cultus Cod. Recorded from Sitka by Bean in 1882. Three small examples, 4 to 5 inches long, from Port Townsend; one (no. 02832), 12.5 inches long, from Marrowstone Point. The species was also seen at Quarantine Station, Union Bay; Port Alexander; Sitkoh Bay; and Loring. It was taken both in the seine and with hook and line. We also have a speci- men 12 inches long taken by the Albatross at Port Etches, Prince William Sound, 1897. The cultus cod occurs on our west coast from Santa Barbara northward to Prince William Sound, and is abundant throughout most of its range. It reaches a length of nearly 4 feet and a weight of 30 to 40 296 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. pounds. Although not a high-grade food fish, its size and abundance make it a species of considerable commercial importance. As a game fish also it is of interest, taking the hook freely and affording much sport to the angler. 99. Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard. This monotypic species is abundant in rather deep water from San Francisco northward at least as faras Puget Sound. We have 31 specimens 5 to 7.5 inches long collected by J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903. It reaches a length of a foot and is a slender fish of dry, firm substance and singular form, little valued as food. Fig. 46.—Oxylebius pictus Gill. 100. Oxylebius pictus Gill. This species occurs on rocky shores from Monterey Bay northward at least to Puget Sound. It is a small fish, seldom exceeding 10 inches in length. It dwells in the kelp, where it is usually abundant, though it is rare in collections. It is not of much food value. We have one specimen 8 inches long, taken by the Albatross at Seattle, March, 1892. J Fic. 47.—Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner). Family 33. COTTIDA.. The Sculpins. 101. Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner). Fourteen specimens, 2.5 to 4.5 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd, near Seattle, in 1903. A conspicuous nasal tentacle about as long as pupil. Anal dark in the males. The species reaches a length of 6 inches and occurs from San Francisco to Puget Sound in moderate depths. _ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 297 102. Tarandichthys filamentosus (Gilbert). One specimen 2.5 inches long dredged at station 4193, off St. Mary Mission. Not before recorded north of southern California. Eye rather larger than given in current descriptions, being scarcely 3 in head; filaments on pre- opercle not evident. 103. Tarandichthys tenuis (Gilbert). Two examples, 2 and 2.5 inches long, from station 4204, near Fort Rupert, and two, 2.1 and 3.75 inches long, from station 4193, in the Gulf of Georgia. Not previously recorded from north of San Francisco. In our specimens the maxillary reaches anterior edge of pupil; gillrakers small and tubercular; peritoneum dusky; 2 parietal spines; first 2 or 3 scales of lateral line enlarged, the first with a distinct spine; pearly patches on base of pectoral. The larger specimen from Gulf of Georgia had its stomach filled with shrimps and its abdominal cavity full of thread-like worms. 104. Icelinus burchami Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.8 in length; depth 4.6; eye 3.25 in head; snout 4.5 in head; maxillary 2.2; mandible 2; interorbital 2.25 in eye; dorsal rx-16; anal 14; pectoral 18; lateral line 38. Body comparatively slender, tapering rapidly backward to caudal fin; head rather large; mouth moderate, low, terminal, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly included; maxillary rather short, reaching posterior edge of eye; eye moderate, somewhat ovate; nasal spines short and obscure; nasal Fig. 48.—Icelinus burchami Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. tentacle obsolete; supraorbital with a flat, black, bifid cirrus posteriorly, its length about equaling the pupil; a slender black occipital filament; a small white filament near tip of maxillary; occipital ridges not prominent, the included space flat, not pit-like; interorbital space flat, the median ridge very faint; preopercular spine rather strong, its length about 1.5 in orbit, three sharp spines on its upper edge directed upward, a short, sharp spine at the tip; under edge of peropercle with 3 short, stout, triangular spines, the first and second directed backward and slightly downward, the third, which is longest and sharpest, directed downward and forward; opercular spine flat and obscure; a double row of scales or plates along upper part of side, beginning under about the fifth dorsal spine and ceasing under the last dorsal ray but one, the row double throughout its entire length except posteriorly, where the lower row ceases three scales in advance of the upper row; upper edge of caudal peduncle, narrow space between the double row of scales, just described, and the dorsal fin, and broad space between it and the lateral line, naked; entire body below lateral line naked; no postpectoral plates. Fins well developed; spinous dorsal with the spines slightly filamentous, the longest about 2.75 in head; longest dorsal ray 3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal somewhat rounded, its length 1.8 in head; pectoral broad, reaching past front of anal; ventrals very short and inconspicuous, their length scarcely exceeding diameter of pupil. 298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in alcohol, yellowish brown; body and head blotched and mottled with small whitish spots and darkish irregular blotches; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins dark, blotched with white; pectoral similar, the lower rays whitish at tip, the interradial membranes darker. This species is related to J. borealis, from which it differs chiefly in the larger eye, the shorter snout, the weaker nasal spines, the shorter preopercular spines, and the less complete series of scales along the base of the dorsal. Type, no. 57822 U. 8. National Museum (field no. 99), a specimen 4 inches long from Albatross station 4228 in 41 to 134 fathoms, off Loring, Alaska, July 7, 1903. Cotypes: No. 5229, Bureau of Fisheries; no. 20010 Museum Stanford University; no. 57825, U.S. National Museum, and no. 6117, Field Museum, all from the same place; and no. 33003, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, from Behm Canal, near Loring, July 8, 1903. This interesting species is named for Mr. James 8. Burcham, a young naturalist of great promise, who lost his life at Lake McDonald, November 12, 1905, while in the employ of the Bureau of Fisheries. 105. Icelinus borealis Gilbert. This species is common and widely distributed. We have examined specimens from the following localities: Albatross stations no. 4205, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4217, and 4218 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4276 (Alitak Bay), 4285 (Chignik Bay), 2428 (Behm Canal), 3597 (off coast of Washington), Seattle, and Loring. It had been previously recorded by Gilbert (1895) from various Albatross stations north and Fig. 49.—Icelinus borealis Gilbert. south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. The known range is, See from Bristol Bay and the Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound. Our specimens are 1.6 to 3.25 inches long. The length (2.5 feet) given in Fishes of North and Middle America is evidently an error. Weare unable to distinguish /. strabo Starks from this species. 106. Astrolytes fenestralis (Jordan & Gilbert). The collection contains one specimen 3 inches long, seined at Metlakahtla, 6 smaller specimens seined at Admiralty Head, Whidby Island, and 5 specimens from Sucia Island; also 13 specimens collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach at Karluk and 13 by Mr. Chamberlain at Loring. Recorded from Unalaska and Sanborn Harbor, Shumagin Islands by Bean (1882) as .Artedius notospilotus, and from the Shumagin Islands by Jordan & Gilbert (1899). Head 2.9 in length; depth 4.6; eye 4.3 in head; dorsal 1x-17; anal x11; lateral line 36; maxillary extending to posterior border of pupil. This species reaches a length of about 5 inches. Its known range extends from Puget Sound to Unalaska. 107. Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson. One specimen 1.13 inches long, from station 4213, near Admiralty Head. Head 3.1 in body; depth 4.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; inter e equal to eye; dorsal 1x, 17; anal 14; ventral 1, 3: pectoral 15; brachii §; pores 35. Body rather dlobsute, not much compr eek gradually tapering from head to the rather slender caudal peduncle, the least depth of which is about 3 in head. Head rather small, lateral profile of snout somewhat blunt and rounded, upper profile somewhat rounded; interorbital rather broad and somewhat concave, nasal spines prominent, a round filament THE FISHES OF ALASKA, | 299 at the base of each, the sheath of the premaxillary pedicel rising between them as a stout, blunt spine; occiput rounded, without spines or cirri, a cirrus or two near tip of opercle; preopercular spines 4, the upper curved and hooked upward, rather blunt, but strong, and covered with skin, the others minute, all extending as mucronate points from a broad base, and all apparently pointing upward; a series of large pores under eye and along lower edge of preopercle and lower jaw; mouth small, somewhat oblique, the tip of premaxillary about on a line with lower margin of orbit; maxillary reaching to anterior margin of pupil, lower jaw included; teeth minute on jaws and vomer,; gill-membranes forming a free fold across isthmus; origin of spinous dorsal above gill-cleft, its base 1.33 in head, its upper margin parallel with back; base of soft dorsal 2.9 in body, spinous and soft dorsal connected by membrane; pectoral 2.66 in body, quite large, pointed, reaching a considerable distance beyond origin of anal; ventral 1.66 in head, nearly reaching vent; length of caudal about equal to head; anal quite long, its base about equal to length of head; caudal apparently truncate, its origin nearly vertical from that of soft dorsal; vent considerably anterior to middle of body. Head naked, the rest of the body covered with small papillz; enlarged scales along lateral linc, especially in front, pores somewhat conspicuous for the whole length; plates of lateral line not keeled, but each bearing several small spines on posterior margin; a series of indistinct transverse wrinkles behind axil. Color mottled olivaceous on sides, the mottlings indistinct, so disposed as to form a series of about 5 saddle-like markings across the back about equally distributed, the light areas between them nearly circular; top of head dusky; fins plain. Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. XXVIII, 1905, p: 977, near Bremerton, Wash. Vz fr. et Fig. 50.—Stelgidonotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson. Type. 108. Artediellus pacificus Gilbert. ‘Our collections contain specimens from the following localities: Albatross station 4285 (Chignik Bay), 4268 (Afognak Bay), 4276, 4277, 4278, and 4279 (all in Alitak Bay); and 3653 (Bering Sea). The species was originally described from station 3216, south of Sannak Island, and is recorded by Gilbert from many stations in Bristol Bay. A female 2.5 inches long, from station 4279, August 6, contained 105 nearly ripe eggs, measuring about 18 to the inch. Of the 15 specimens from Alitak Bay, 2 are males which exhibit a markedly _ fuller development of the dorsal fins than the others. A small thread-worm was found in the abdominal cavity of one specimen. 300 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 109. Rastrinus scutiger (Bean). Originally described by Bean (1891) as Icelus scutiger from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Island. Recorded by Gilbert (1895), as Jcelus scutiger, from station 3339 south of the Alaskan Peninsula. Not obtained by us. Fig. 51.—Rastrinus scutiger (Bean). 110. Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt). Two specimens from station 4281, one from 4285, one from 4286 (all in Chignik Bay), and one from 4278 (Alitak Bay). These range from 1.75 to 3.2 inches long. Also recorded from many stations in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). This species is easily distinguished by the 2 pairs of spines on occiput, but the specimens we have vary as to the number of dorsal spines, there being 8 or 9, and the rays vary from 17 to 20. cas. Fig. 52.—Icelus spiniger Gilbert. 111. Icelus spiniger Gilbert. One specimen 3.25 inches long, dredged at station 4227 in Behm Canal, near Loring; 3 specimens 2.4 inches long from station 4281, in Chignik Bay; 2 specimens 2.6 inches long from station 4273 in Alitak Bay; 2 specimens 1.75 and 2.4 inches long from station 4283, in Chignik Bay; 1 specimen from 4289, 3 from 4291, 6 from 4292, 2 from 4293, and 6 from 4295, all in Shelikof Strait; these vary in length from 2 to 3.25 inches. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3216, 3223 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3267, 3278 to 3280, 3292, 3302, 3311, 3334 and 3336, in the vicinity of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay. 112. Icelus euryops Bean. Originally recorded by Bean (1891) from station 2853, off Trinity Islands, where 3 specimens were secured. Not taken since that time. 1138. Icelus vicinalis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3324, 3330 to 3332 in Bristol Bay (1890). Not taken since. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 301 114. Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3329 north of Unalaska (1890). No other spec- imens have been taken. Fig. 53.—Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert. 115. Radulinus asprellus Gilbert. Twenty-one specimens, varying from 0.75 to 5 inches, are in the collection, representing the following localities: Station 4221, mouth of Hood Canal; station 4219, Admiralty Inlet; station 4204, off Fort Fic. 54.—Radulinus asprellus Gilbert. Rupert, British Columbia; station 4191, in outer harbor at Nanaimo, British Columbia; Kasaan Bay; station 4226, Behm Canal, near Loring; station 4234, in Yes Bay; and near Seattle by J. P. Todd. In the specimen from station 4226 the snout equals eye, and is3.1in head; maxillary 2.66; mandible 2.1; peritoneum silvery; length of caudal fin 1.45in head. These measurements are not given in current descriptions. Fig. 55.—Triglops beani Gilbert. 116. Triglops beani Gilbert. The collection contains specimens from the following localities: Albatross stations 4205, 4211, 4212, and 4213 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4248 (Eastern Passage), 4268 and 4269 (Afognak Bay), 4242 (Karta 302 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Bay), 4243 (Kasaan Bay), and from Behm Canal near Loring. The species had been previously recorded from Wrangell Straits (Bean 1884; as JT. pingelli), Bristol Bay, at numerous Albatross stations (Gilbert 1895), and Bering Sea at Albatross stations 3598 and 3599 (Gilbert 1895). The specimens obtained during the recent investigations were from depths varying from 14 to 71 fathoms. The males have a dark stripe on side just above anal fin, extending posteriorly from about first third of fin and uniting with the other median stripe at about fifth or sixth ray from last. Anal papilla in male well developed; peritoneum white, liver large, several large pyloric ceca, females not smaller than males. This sculpin reaches a length of 4 to 8 inches and is of wide distribution, its known range extend- ing from Puget Sound to Bering Sea and to Robben Island. Fig. 56.—Triglops scepticus Gilbert. 117. Triglops scepticus Gilbert. A single female example 5.75 inches long dredged at station 4291, in 65 to 48 fathoms, in Shelikof Strait. The interorbital space is more narrow than stated in current descriptions, being contained 3.5 instead of 1.5 times in the eye. About 7 of the lower rays of the pectoral are enlarged and exserted. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3215, 3222 to 3225, 3309, and 3339, south of Sannak and north of Unalaska Island. Fic. 57.—Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert). 118. Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert). We have two specimens, 2.5 and 4.25 inches long, of this rare species, secured by the Albatross at station 3599, in Bering Sea. Only the type, a specimen 1.5 inches long, has heretofore been known. This was described by Gilbert (1895) from Albatross station 3220, north of Unalaska Island. Fic. 58.—Prionistius macellus Bean. 119. Prionistius macellus Bean. Recorded from stations 3214, 2218, and 3223, south of Sannak and north of Unimak Island (Gilbert 1895). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 303 120. Elanura forficata Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3213, 3214, and 3222, south of Sannak and north of Unimak Island. Fig. 59.—Elanura forficata Gilbert. 121. Melletes papilio Bean. Originally described by Bean (1880) from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group. It has not since been taken. Fia. 60.—Melletes papilio Bean. 122. Hemilepidotus jordani Bean. Jrish Lord. Very abundant practically everywhere along the Alaskan coast. The collection contains specimens from the following localities: Shumagin Islands; stations 4268 and 4270, in Afognak Bay; stations 4283 and 4285, in Chignik Bay; station 4291, in Shelikof Strait. We also have 5 specimens 2 to 17 inches long, collected by the Albatross in other years at Sitka, Chignik Bay, and station 3600. The center of abundance for this species seems to be about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The species was originally described by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, also recorded by him from Port Althorp; Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Iliuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska. By Gilbert from numerous Albatross stations about Amak and Unalaska islands. The eye varies considerably in size, even in large examples, being usually 4 or even more in head; maxillary 2.3; mandible 2.2; snout 3.6; interorbital 1.3; peritoneum silvery. A specimen 17.5 inches long and weighing 2 pounds, taken over the rail with hook and line at Fox Bay, August 11, had in life the following colors: Side dirty olivaceous, with about 5 broad, irregular, darker blackish bars; belly white, with numerous small, roundish dark spots, few or none on middle line of belly and breast; top of head blackish, side of head somewhat blacker, the opercle and lower part of cheek nearly black; 304 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. edges of premaxillary, maxillary, and cheek, side of lower jaw, and first 2 or 3 branchiostegals and mem- branes rich lemon-yellow, remaining branchiostegals and lower side of head clean white; dorsal dark . olive, the anterior portions black; pectoral dirty white at base, dirty olivaceous elsewhere; anal dark; caudal grayish olive, the membranes pale greenish or yellowish; tip of fin light greenish-yellow; eye reddish brown. Fig. 61.—Hemilepidotus jordani Bean. A female 13.25 inches long (no. 2985), taken in Chignik Bay, August 10, was full of small eggs. We have another specimen, 4.75 inches long, from station 3599, in Bering Sea, taken in 1894. In this specimen the ventral fins are much longer than in typical examples, and have many tubercles on the under side. Five examples taken at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, August 12, gave the following lengths and weights: Length. Weight. 183 1 15 153 1 133 178 eee 158 1 14 14% 1 64 This interesting fish reaches a length of more than 2 feet, and is abundant about the Aleutian Islands. : It is very frequently taken in the salmon traps and is regarded as a nuisance by the fishermen. It is of some value as a food fish, but is rarely eaten. It is apparently not known in Southeast Alaska. Tia. 62.—Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius. 123. Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius. Red Sculpin. Very common, particularly about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The collection con- tains 9 specimens, 2 to 14.5 inches long, secured at Sucia Island; Hunters Bay; Loring; Killisnoo; Litnik Bay; Karluk; and in Uyak Bay. It has also been recorded (Bean 1882) as Hemilepidotus trachurus THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 305 from Sitka; Port Althorp; Port Etches; Port Chatham; Cook Inlet; Popoff Strait and Coal Harbor, Shum- agins; Unalaska; Kyska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Bay of Islands, Adak; Amchitka; Chichagof Harbor and Attu. Bean (1884), Fort Tongass and Nakat. Nelson (1887), Unalaska. Known from Kamchatka to San Francisco. Not common in Bering Sea, but appears to be abundant from Sitka to Puget Sound. It reaches a length of 18 inches and should be of some value as a food fish. Fig. 63.—Enophrys bison (Girard). 124. Enophrys bison (Girard). This sculpin is quite common south of Killisnoo. No specimens were secured by us north of this point. The collection contains 34 specimens, 1 to 9.5 inches long, taken at the following places: Port Townsend; Marrowstone Point; Admiralty Head; Fort Rupert; Kilisut Harbor; Port Alexander; Port Ludlow; Sucia Island; Loring; Yes Bay; Cleveland Passage, and Killisnoo. The species was recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka, and from St. Paul, Kodiak Island. 125. Enophrys claviger (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (Pl. xvm, fig. 1.) Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3233, Bristol Bay. No specimens obtained by us. Fic. 64.—Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas). 126. Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas). Recorded by Bean from Sitka (1882) and Tolstoi Bay and Fort Tongass (1884); by Gilbert from Herendeen Bay (1895), and by Jordan and Gilbert from St. Paul Island (1899, as C. lucast). We have 3 specimens, 5.75 to 6.25 inches long, collected at Tareinski, Kamchatka, June 21, and 2 specimens each about 3 inches long and each taken from the stomach of a halibut, one at Killisnoo, July 26, the other somewhere in Southeast Alaska, locality not definitely recorded. These specimens indicate that Ceratocottus lucasi Jordan and Gilbert is the young of C. diceraus. B. B. F. 1906—20 : 306 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 127. Cottus asper Richardson. Prickly Bullhead. Two specimens, 4 and 4.5 inches long, seined in upper stream of Deep Bay at Loring; 1 specimen, 4.3 inches long, at Loring; 3 specimens, 5.5 to 6.5 inches long, taken on hook and line in Naha River at Loring; 1 specimen, 5.5 inches long, seined in Hunter Bay; 2 specimens, each about 3.25 inches long, taken on hook and line near the Fortmann hatchery; 2 specimens (no. 3031 and 3032), 6.25 and 7 inches long, from Hunter Bay, taken on hook and line. Thirty-five specimens, 1.75 to 7.5 inches long, collected in McDonald Lake, September 26, 1905. These are variously rough and smooth on the sides. The size does not seem to make any difference in the roughness, it being present or absent in all sizes. The black spot on the posterior part of dorsal disappears in the larger examples. Seventeen specimens, 3 to 6 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake, August 24, 1905; agree with the preceding in regard to roughness. Six specimens, 4 to 6.75 inches long, collected in fyke net in McDonald Lake, July 29, 1905. These specimens are smooth, except for a small area under pectoral, which is slightly rough. Twelve specimens, 3.5 to 5 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake on August 22, 1905. The stomach contents were chiefly snails and parasitic worms. These specimens vary greatly in roughness of body, some having only a slight rough place under pectoral, others of the same size and of different sizes having the entire side of body more or less rough; all have a very distinct black blotch as large or larger than eye on posterior base of spinous dorsal; the fins are otherwise unmarked. In addition to the above there were secured from Yes Bay and McDonald Lake 26 specimens varying from 2 to 5 inches, and 18 specimens from 2 to 6.5 inches from Loring and vicinity; two of the latter taken in Steelhead Creek, June 19, 1904, were full of nearly ripe eggs. This species is common in fresh-water streams and lakes about Loring, and at the Fortmann hatchery might be seen any day in the clear waters of the stream or lake. It is reputed to be very destructive to salmon eggs. : Following the suggestion of Mr. J. O. Snyder (in ‘‘ Notes on the Fishes of the Streams flowing into San Francisco Bay, California,’? Appendix to the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secre- tary of Commerce and Labor for the year ending June 30, 1904) that C. asper, dorsal rays 19 to 22, anal 16 to 18, may be separated from C. gulosus dorsal rays 17 or 18, anal 12 to 14, by the greater number of dorsal and anal rays in the former, and also that C. asper is confined largely to the lower courses of streams, while C. gulosus is found farther up where the water is clear and the current rapid, we identify our speci- mens as C. asper. They were all taken in or near tide water, and the following table of fin counts places them with C. asper: ; Locality. No. | Dorsal. Anal. Palatine teeth. | Length. Inches Oring es {oe nee ee eee ne eee ene eee 1 VIII, 21 | Present:2 22 3-25 - 6.5 DO se ee oe eee sete ee 2 Ix, 20 Tia eee GOSe ee seen ono WOE Roseh ee eee ie aie ee ae ome re eee 3 VIII, 21 zie eae Goze ess 6.0 DOSS Bo eat ee ley Sag a SA eee ae 4 1Bc5 AY ie. eee dos eee ase 4.25 Naa Rivers: S22. tek hee eee ee ee eee 5 EAI Alone GOS sateen 3.0 DY ee sets tars aro Ae oe ee Rae ea 6 GAA IA epee Goeth iw eae 3.5 . | . Anal Locality. | No. Dorsal. Anal. Palatine teeth. length Vent. Hunter (Bayo. se ete one | i vil 21 16;)| UP reseniteic se soeccr 3.0 | Posterior. IDO: eee ee eee 3032 Lex 22 Gy eee (5 KO epee nn eee eis 3:2 Do. WO: Alt a eee 3031 IX (+), 22 We see GO Anse ces ay il Do. Loring, Deep Bay...... 8 vill, 204 (a eee GORE se oe thea 3.0 Do. DOs S22: Ses ee ee 9 | VIII, 21 Ga Ere (OKO ye merece eae eae 2.9 | Nearly median. Length of anal base usually about equal to head, sometimes, as in last example, somewhat longer. 128. Cottus gulosus (Girard). Specimens of this species were secured only at Loring and Boca de Quadra. ‘They were 16 in number and measured 1 to 4 inches in length. Many of the larger ones taken at Loring, May 29, 1904, were full of nearly ripe eggs. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 307 This species is doubtless common throughout Alaska, but being found further up the streams away from brackish water and in places not usually visited by collectors, it has not been taken abundantly or recorded from many places. 129. Cottus cognatus Richardson. Great Bear Lake Bullhead. One of the most interesting results of the side trip made to the headwaters of the Yukon was the securing of a fine series of specimens of Cottus cognatus. Until now the type of this species had remained unique, no additional specimens having come into any museum or having been collected by any natur- alist so far as we are informed. At Lake Bennett, July 19-21, 1903, 45 specimens were collected. They were obtained by the use of the seine at various places along the shore, chiefly toward the head of the lake above the railroad station and near the crossing of the Yukon and White Pass Railroad. These specimens range in length from 1.2 to 3s inches. Although the original description is very brief there is no doubt in our mind as to the identification. Following is a detailed description: Head 3.66 to 4.1 in length; depth 5.13 to 6.2; eye 3.8 to 4.66 in head; snout 3.6 to 4; maxillary 2.25 to 2.5; mandible about 2; interorbital width 5.25 to 6; dorsal usually vim-17 (vu1-15, vi-16, 1x-15, 1x-17, and 1x—18 indicate the range of variation); longest dorsal spine about 3 in head; longest dorsal ray 1.75 to 2; anal usually 11 or 12, varying from 10 to 13; longest anal ray about 1.75; pectoral 13 or 14, its longest rays (14 or 15) 3.87 to 4.2 in head, lowermost 7 or 8 rays thick, but not branched; ventral 1, 3, the length 5.5 to 6 in head; caudal lobes about 5. Body rather heavy forward, tapering gradually to the rather slender caudal peduncle; head moderate, evenly rounded above, interorbital space narrow, slightly concave; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, maxillary reaching middle of pupil, lower jaw slightly included; branchiostegal rays 6; gill-membranes separate, joined to the isthmus; villiform teeth on jaws and a small patch on the vomer; caudal peduncle slender, its least width about 2-in its least depth; head entirely smooth; preopercle with a single spine at the angle projecting backward and upward, chiefly concealed by skin; lower edge of preopercle with one rather distinct broad spine projecting downward and forward, in front of which is another poorly defined spine or blunt point; opercle without spine; no other spines or filaments about head; body entirely smooth except a patch of small roughish scales under the pectoral; fins well developed, spinous and soft dorsal barely connected; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; pectoral broad at base, the tip reaching past beginning of anal; ventrals scarcely reaching vent; vent usually somewhat nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; there is, however, some slight variation in this character; in one specimen, apparently a female, it is equally distant from tip of snout and base of caudal. A specimen 3% inches long was, in life, dark olive, much mottled; trace of about 6 dark saddles less distinct than in most specimens; first dorsal blackish olive with a narrow orange edge, the fin mesially darker; second dorsal dusky olive and translucent, the olive in irregular blotches; caudal with 4 or 5 vague bars of darker olive; ventrals and anal uncolored; pectoral brown with 4 narrow irregular dark bars, the coloration more olive and more uniform than usual; a patch of light colored, rather coarse prickles behind axil; belly silvery; lower jaw greenish, faintly barred with 5 black dots. There are two patterns of coloration, probably representing the two sexes, a darker and a lighter phase. The darker phase may be described as follows: Sides and top of head, anterior portion of body, the beginning of soit dorsal, and sides of body along base of soft dorsal and upper part of caudal peduncle, dark or blackish, more or less vermiculated with lighter; base of caudal fin with a large Y-shaped black area; tip of lower jaw dark; under side of head and entire lower parts of body yellowish white, profusely covered with numerous minute black or brownish punctulations; spinous dorsal black, white at the tip; soft dorsal vermiculated with dark and light, the distal half lighter; anal yellowish-white with fine dark punctulations; caudal dirty white, with fine dark punctulations and evidence of faint darker cross-bars; pectoral dark on basal two-thirds, lighter at the tip, with rather distinct vertical cross-bars of dark and light; ventrals yellowish-white, somewhat punctate with dark. A specimen of the lighter phase may be described as follows: Head and upper parts of body brownish white, blotched with darker; occipital region dark; back with about 6 dark or brownish saddles, distributed as follows: The first, which is very small, at beginning of spinous dorsal, the second under last dorsal spines, the third under third to sixth dorsal rays, the fourth under eighth to tenth dorsal rays, the fifth under the last dorsal rays but one, and the sixth on base of caudal fin; the third and fifth 308 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. plainest and extending below the lateral line; entire under parts yellowish-white with very fine dark punctulations; fins essentially as in the darker form. Cottus cognatus Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 111, 40, 1836, Great Bear Lake. Gunther, Cat., 11, 157,1860. Jordan & Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., pt. i1, 1954, 1898. 130. Cottus aleuticus Gilbert. Ninety-nine specimens 3 to 4 inches long collected by Mr. Rutter in Lake Karluk during the summer of 1903. Head 3.75 to 3.85 in length; eye 5 in head; dorsal 1x, 19; anal 12 or 13; pectoral 15. The collection contains also 3 specimens 4 to 4.5 inches long from a small stream at the head of the flume at the Loring cannery, July 26; 4 specimens 2.75 to 3.25 inches long from the stream at the Fort- mann hatchery, July 7, taken on hook and line; and 2 specimens 2.75 to 3.75 inches long from Steelhead Creek near Loring, May 8. - Fig. 65.—Cottus aleuticus Gilbert. The Karluk specimens show quite a different color pattern from those taken at Loring, the body being much darker and plainer, with very little vermiculation or marbling; the fins sometimes marbled with dark; the spinous dorsal sometimes plain with very small dark punctulations, or the upper half of fin black, edged with white, these punctulations sometimes found on soft dorsal and anal. Many of these specimens have tubercles on ventral and pectoral fins, those on the ventrals sometimes arranged in patches. The lateral line is not always complete, does not drop abruptly at end of soft dorsal, but ends there in some specimens, generally those with plain soft dorsal. This species has been recorded by Bean (1882) as Uranidia microstoma, from Indian River, Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Aleutian Islands; Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Gilbert (1895) from Tliuliuk, Unalaska. Rutter (1899), Karluk River and Lake and in Alitak Lake. Nelson (1887), mouth of Tanana River. 131. Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 3 in body; depth 4.3; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.9; maxillary 2.5; interorbital space 5 in eye; dorsal 1x-16, longest spine 3.3 in head, the longest ray 2.3; anal 11, longest ray 2 in head; pectoral 14, the length equal to that of head; ventral 1, 4, the length 1.6 in head; branchiostegals 6. Body fusiform, tapering rather rapidly from the heavy head to the long slender caudal peduncle, the body usually considerably constricted at the vertical connecting origins of anal and soft dorsal; head rather large; snout short; mouth moderate, low, nearly horizontal, the maxillary scarcely reaching front of pupil; a small patch of teeth on vomer, palatines naked; eyes large, high up and close together; interorbital space very narrow; anterior nostril in a very distinct tube; posterior nostril in an evident tube, which is shorter than that of the anterior; head entirely smooth, without cirri or spines except those on opercular bones; preopercle with one simple sharp spine at the angle, projecting backward and curved upward somewhat; edge of preopercle below this smooth or merely crenulate; opercle ending in a soft flap, subopercle with a rather distinct blunt spine projecting downward; body entirely smooth, except a small patch of asperities under the pectoral; lateral line complete or nearly so. Fins moderate; interval between spinous and soft dorsal short, but distinct; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to base of pectoral a distance equal to one-third diameter of eye; origin of anal slightly posterior to that of soft dorsal: caudal slightly rounded; pectoral long, reaching origin of anal; ventrals short, not reaching vent. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 309 Color in alcohol: Upper parts dark, mottled with darker irregular blotches and lighter areas; about 4 distinct dark vertical blotches, one under spinous dorsal, 2 under soft dorsal and 1 on caudal peduncle; under parts yellowish-white, profusely covered with minute brown punctulations; spinous dorsal dusky, each ray with 1 or 2 black spots, the eighth spine almost entirely black, edge of fin creamy white; soft dorsal dusky, with numerous irregular black blotches, the edge somewhat creamy; anal pale, punctate with dark; caudal yellowish-white, crossed by 4 or 5 irregular, dark, vertical bars; pectoral similar to soft dorsal; ventrals white. The numerous specimens examined show but little variation, as may be seen from an examination of the following table: 2H, Fie. 66.—Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. VARIATION IN THE TYPE AND COoTYPES OF COTTUS CHAMBERLAINI. Dorsal fin. Length --)_ | Inter- Long- Anal es in Head. | Depth.| Eye. | Snout. aca orbital est ees for- ~~~ _-| inches. Y- lin eye. | Formula. | spine ray in mula a head. head. 119 2.9 32 4.3 3.05 3.9 2.5 5.0 PG 35: Des 11 120 2.9 3.0 Gell Sa 3.8 2.5 4.8 Vul, 16 3.3 2.3 12 121 2.2 3.1 4.6 3.1 4.8 2.9 4.5 11D. GAL aL eer | ea Meat 12 122 2.37 3.1 4.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 5.0 SAT. iL pes le eertvacs Sill rasa che te 12 123 2. 63 3.2 4.5 3.2 4.0 2.0 4.5 SVs Tlnetl Giiae | eee ye [Ie eens 2 11 124 2. 25 3.2. 4.75 3: 20 4.25 2.6 4.5 Vel Te iG ie ets a Oe eA 12 125 2.0 Bil 4.5 3.2 3.1 Pye 4.5 5 0.8 Fe ge 11 126 2. 25 3.0 4.8 3.5 4.0 255 4,4 Vilbliped Eee omer lena eae ila 127 1.75 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 3.0 5.0 ava ol Gaels oe ose eee se 11 128 2.75 3.2 5.0 3.0 4.75 | 2.3 5.0 MALE UR) ee enero eae a= 11 a@No.119, type; nos. 120-128, cotypes. This species seems to be related to Cottus beldingi and to Cottus spilotus. From the former it may be distinguished by the much larger eye, the narrower interorbital, the blunter head, the fewer anal rays, and the coloration; from Cottus spilotus it would seem to differ in the shorter anal, the more complete lateral line, in coloration and in other respects. The collection contains 217 specimens, which we refer to this species. They vary in length from less than 1 inch to 2.9 inches. The collector’s label, which should have accompanied these specimens, has been lost, but it is certain that they came from fresh water at Loring, Alaska, and that they were collected by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain in 1903. - Type no. 57823, U. S. National Museum, a specimen (no. 119) 2.9 inches long, probably from Loring, Alaska; cotypes, several specimens no. 61052,U. S. National Museum; no. 5230, Bureau of Fisheries; no- 20011, Stanford Univ. Mus. | We take pleasure in naming thisspecies for our friend and associate, Mr. Fred. M. Chamberlain, naturalist of the steamer Albatross, who collected the type. 310 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 132. Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas). Great Sculpin. The collection contains 25 specimens, from 1.75 to 13 inches long; collected in 1903, at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Cleveland Passage; stations 4270 and 4272, Litnik Bay; Karluk; Admiralty Head; Metlakatla; Funter Bay; Point Ellis; Port Alexander; Snug Harbor, and Yakutat. The species was seen also at Dundas, Pablof, Sitkoh, and Uyak bays. These specimens show that there is considerable variation in therelative distances between the supraocular spines themselves and the occipital spines. The distance seems to be relatively greater in the young examples than in the older ones. In the larger specimens the general color is much darker than in the smaller ones, the light colors, especially posteriorly, fading into darker; belly and ventral fins distinctly mottled and spotted. In all the smaller examples the belly is pale and there are 3 very distinct dark bars across the body; the first under the sixth to eighth dorsal spines, extending slightly forward and downward across base of pectoral; the second under soit dorsal, beginning under the third ray, and extending under nearly full length of fin and downward nearly to anal, this bar more or less broken at its center and sometimes divided, form- ing 2 bars, which may be called second and third, 1 over anterior, the other over posterior part of soft dorsal; the last bar (fourth when the second is divided, otherwise third) covering posterior part of caudal peduncle. - Fig. 67.—Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas). Mr. Rutter secured at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903, 18 very small specimens one-half to 1 inch long and 3 specimens 3.75 to 6 incheslong. The 6-inch specimen had in its stomach 4 Blennicottus acuticeps, each 1.75 inches long and 1 Pholis ornatus 4 inches long. They were very little digested, the Pholis- ornatus scarcely at all. Another specimen (no. 2178), 20.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island in Uganuk Bay, 1897, differs from current description in that the pectoral does not reach the anal by a distance equal to length of second dorsal spine, and the preopercular spine is not longer but slightly shorter than diameter of eye. The collection contains 24 additional specimens collected by the Albatross at dates other than 1903. These vary from 2.75 to 18.5 inches in length, and were taken at Sucia Island; Promise Island; Mary Island; Nichols Bay; Hunters Bay; Niblacks Anchorage; Sitka; Litnik Bay; Uganuk Bay; Kyska Island, and Atka Island. Four small specimens were collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island in 1906. This species was originally described from the Aleutian Islands by Pallas (1811). Bean (1880) records it from Unalaska, and (1882) from Wrangell; Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor, Pirate Cove and Popof Island, Shumagins; Iliuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Port Moller and Cape Lisburne; also (1884) from Mary Island; Makushin Bay; Unalaska Harbor; near mouth of Unalaska River; Shaw Bay, Unimak Island; and Herendeen Bay. Gilbert (1895) records it from a number of stations in Bristol Bay. Turner (1886) records it from the Aleutian islands: Scofield (1899) from Chignik Bay; Rutter (1898) from Karluk, and Nelson (1886) from Unalaska. ‘ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. _ 311 133. Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Two specimens, 1] and 9.5 inches, respectively, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21, 1901. The following description-is taken from the larger example: Head 2.5 in length; depth 6.2; eye 6.5 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 2.1; mandible 2.1; inter- orbital equal to eye; dorsal vu, 15; anal 14; pectoral 18; caudal with 9 forked rays; ventral 1, 3; lateral line about 46. Body elongate, somewhat depressed anteriorly, terete posteriorly; caudal peduncle stout and short, flattish above and below; head long, its profile nearly straight, a depression between eyes and the sharp high nasal spines, a very prominent rounded projection between the latter, into which the premaxillary projects, the outline from this projection to snout straight and steep; snout somewhat acute; mouth large, gape extending to below middle of pupil; maxillary extending a distance equal to pupil beyond posterior margin or orbit, its breadth 1.3 in eye, its edge slipping somewhat under the preorbital and its body asa whole fitting into a depression in the cheek so that its surface is on a level with the cheek, thus matching the rest of the cheek in surface and color; maxillary inconspicuous; upper lip a broad, high fold, lying well back over the anterior edge of maxillary; teeth small, sharp, in broad villiform bands in jaws, the inner rows somewhat larger, sharper, these depressible and pointing backward; band of teeth in upper jaw interrupted by a narrow mesial fold; teeth on vomer in a rather large V-shaped patch, the teeth larger than those of jaws; palatines toothless; tongue large, bluntly round. Anterior nostril in front of eye and considerably below nasal spine, posterior nostril a prominent tube above and behind anterior nostril and midway between nasal spine and eye; interorbital space rather broad, concave, continuous with the somewhat broader and flatter occipital space; nasal spines high and sharp, supraoccipital ridges high, terminating posteriorly in a rather blunt conical postocular spine, this with a smaller tubercle in front, several short ridge-lke tubercles be- hind them; parietal ridges prominent converging pos- teriorly, terminating in rather sharp backwardly pro- jecting spines, on the outer side of this ridge a concave depression bounded bya broken elevated ridge; subor- bital stay prominent, slender, long, striate, extending from beneath eye nearly to root of upper preopercular spine; preopercular spines 3, the upper much the longer, about’ equal to eye, pointing backward and _ Fie.68.—Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes). shightly upward, covered with skin nearly to the tip; second spine conical, acute, not half as long as upper, pointing backward and somewhat outward; lower spine stout, short, pointing downward and forward; opercular spine short, stout, and sharp, terminating a long high ridge, which extends anteriorly almost to base of opercle, preopercular flap extending some distance beyond the spine; scapular spine short, sharp, and stout, terminating a high ridge, at the base of which is a small tubercle; gills with a long slit behind the last. Origin of spinous dorsal on a vertical with tip of scapular spine, the base 2.3 in head, the third spine longest, 3.6 in head, the membrane reaching nearly to the tips of the spines behind, somewhat scalloped between them, the margin of the fin straight, descending regularly from the third to eighth, which is very short and without free margin; space between spinous and soft dorsals 2 in eye, base of soft dorsal 1.5 in head, its rays about equal, except a few of the last, the longest rays 3.1 in head, none of the rays projecting beyond membrane; contour of fin somewhat rounded in front, upper margin straight; anal similar to soft dorsal, its origin under base of third dorsal ray, its base 2.1 in head, its median rays about 3.75 in head; caudal truncate, tips of the rays slightly projecting; pectoral broad, rounded, the rays stout and simple, the lower somewhat stouter and much shorter, acute, somewhat free at tips, the broad procurrent base well covered by the gill-membranes, length of fin 1.75 in head, its tip scarcely reach- ing vent; ventrals 3.1 in head, narrow, inner rays longest, tips reaching half way to vent. Body naked, a row of stellate disks above and quite near to lateral line, an irregular patch of similar but smaller disks in axillary region, extending backward in a single row, but becoming mere sharp prickles posteriorly; top and sides of head covered as far back as base of dorsal with small warty promi- nences, those in occipital region depressed and crater-like at the top, those in the latero-occipital pits rounded; no cirri. 312 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES, General color in alcohol: Above brownish olivaceous, irregularly blotched and speckled with black, especially above the pectoral, belly white; head conspicuously speckled with black dots, especially on cheeks and interorbital; occiput dark, upper lip blackish, edge of lower lip black; pectoral irregu- larly mottled with black, the black spots tending to arrange themselves in crossbands; dorsals faintly mottled with dusky; caudal with 2 irregular faint cloudy bars; ventral with 3 black blotches, the ante- rior somewhat more distinct, these blotches tending to form 3 faint bars; ventrals pale; peritoneum silvery. Another specimen, 15 inches long, from Albatross station 3250, Bering Sea, June 13, 1890, had the under part of the pectoral rays covered with sharp tubercles. No. 2408, a specimen 9 inches long, collected in Unalaska, July 2, 1900, while agreeing in general appearance with typical jaok, differs in having the supraoccipital tubercle elongated into a rather long, sharp ridge more or less rough on the edges and inclined to be broken up into a series of tubercles. This tubercle is apparently quite variable, as in another specimen the left tubercle is preceded by a smaller one. Previously recorded by Bean (1882), as Cottws humilis, from Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay. Gil- bert (1895), St. Michael and Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Townsend (1887), Nushagak River; stations 3290, 3228 to 3230, 3233, 3244 to 3245, 3248 and 3250, all in Bristol Bay; Cape Prince of Wales. Nelson (1887), as Cottus teniopterus, St. Michael. Nelson (1887), as Cottus humilis, St. Michael. Turner (1886), as C. humilis, St. Michael. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence and Grantley Harbor. This species reaches a length of 18 inches and occurs in shallow water everywhere about Bering Sea, extending into the Arctic and south to the Amur River and Unalaska. S Fig. 69.—Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean). 134. Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean). One example, 15 inches long, seined at Litnik Bay August 3, and another of same size collected by Luttrell at Sitka. This species was previously recorded from Unalaska and Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893), and Kings Island, Port Clarence, and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896). One specimen from Litnik Bay has the following characters: Head 2.33 in length; depth 4.16; eye 6.4 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.20; mandible 2.16; interorbital 1.1 in eye; dorsal x—-16; anal 13; pectoral 18; branchiostegals 6. Body stout, tapering to stout caudal peduncle; both dorsal and ventral contours nearly straight; head large, flattened above, but not so manifestly depressed and widened as in many cottoids; mouth horizontal, rather large, the maxillary extending to posterior margin of pupil; mouth cavity large, somewhat dusky; armature of head poorly developed, the spines (nasals, postoculars, occipital and preopercular) short and blunt; short nasal tubes developed; top of head very warty; no filaments any- where; supraorbital and occipital filaments not present; dorsals not closely connected. General color darker than in description; the large white spots on belly are also found on pectoral and ventrals; the anal has white bars instead of spots; on the under side of some of the pectoral rays is a series of stiff tubercles, these also found on upper side of ventrals. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. | . alo 135. Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill). Nelson (1887), St. Michael, as Cottus axillaris. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence; Chignik and Heren- deen bays. Not seen by us. Fig. 70.—Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill). 136. Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius. We have 3 specimens, 10.5 and 5.25 inches long, from Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 20, 1900, and one 10 inches long from Unalaska, July 2, 1900. Recorded from Point Barrow by Murdoch (1885) as Cottus decastrensis. Fig. 71.—Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius. 137. Myoxocephalus niger (Bean). We have in our collections 4 specimens 2 to 6 inches long taken by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, July, 1906. Originally described by Bean (1882) from St. Paul Island, Bering Fig. 72.—Myoxocephalus niger (Bean). Sea, and recorded by him from Sanborn, Shumagins; also recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887 as Cottus niger); and from the Pribilof Islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 314 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. - 138. Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas). No. 2401, a female specimen 18 inches long, with minute eggs, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21, 1900. This specimen appears to be M. platycephalus, though differing in some respects from current descriptions. Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 6.2 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2; mandible 1.6; interorbital 3.3; dorsal 1x-14; anal 12; pectoral 16; caudal 11, 8 of them forked; ventral 3; lateral line 36. Body depressed anteriorly, subterete posteriorly, dorsal outline nearly straight and horizontal from tip of snout to tip of spinous dorsal when depressed, thence gradually sloping to base of caudal; ventral outline sloping rapidly upward from tip of lower jaw’to gill-slits, from thence nearly straight; lower jaw long and projecting, cleft of mouth nearly vertical; contour viewed from above, coffin-shaped, or long kite-shaped, widening rapidly from the tip of the truncate lower jaw to the preopercular spines where it is broadest, from thence tapering gradually to the stoutish caudal peduncle. Head short, broad, and flat; a large flat, sunken hexagonal area extending from the nasal spines to the occiput, bounded on the sides by the high diverging supraocular and converging parietal ridges; the postocular tubercle high, large and blunt, pointing inward; occipital tubercle prominent, pear- shaped, pointing backward, ending in a stout sharp spine; preopercular spines covered with skin, upper longer than eye, curved upward and inward, second about half as long as first, third spine promi- nent but blunt, fourth strong, pointing downward and forward; suborbital stay narrow, striate and curved, upper opercular spine short, sharp, stout, almost concealed, pointing backward and downward at the end of a high ridge, the round flap reaching considerably beyond the spine; 2 prominent tubercles Fic. 73.—Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas). at top of gill-slit, these sometimes spinous, and one or more stout suprascapular spines; a strong humeral spine; teeth in strong villiform bands in jaw, a large patch on vomer, none on palatines; tongue large, rounded and prominent; a well-developed symphesial knob; maxillary extending to posterior margin of pupil; a deep cleft behind last gill, shit minute. Spinous dorsal beginning a distance about equal to snout behind tip of gill-flap, its base 1.5 in head, its fourth spine longest, 2.5 in head, its margin -rounded, distance between it and soft dorsal equal to eye, latter high, largest ray 1.5 in head, its base 1.1 in head, its margin rounded, somewhat acute behind, the last rays somewhat produced; caudal truncate, 1.5 in head; origin of anal below fourth dorsal ray, base 1.3 in head, rays stout, margin some- what emarginate (scalloped), longest rays about 2.1 in head; pectoral very broad, the lowest rays short and stout, membrane between them deeply incised, general outline rounded, upper ray short, base procurrent along the edge of gill opening, length slightly longer than head, tip barely reaching origin — of anal; ventrals acute, outer ray stout, inner produced, length 1.2 in head, tips not reaching vent by a distance greater than snout; skin naked; top of head warty, sides naked, no flaps anywhere; a row of prominent prickly tubercles between lateral line and dorsal; a few irregular small tubercles in a row beneath lateral line posteriorly. Color in alcohol: Above uniform brown, sides below olivaceous, belly white; lower lip and chin uniform black; membranes of upper lip dusky, lower side of lower lip white, the exposed portion all black; isthmus and edge of gill-cavity dusky; vertical fins irregularly mottled and blotched white and brown; inside of pectoral marked with broad brown and narrower white crossbars, outside similarly marked but notso distinctly; ventral with 2 or 3 irregular brown crossbars with narrow white interspaces; peritoneum white. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, o15 These characters are probably sexual or are explained by the large size of this specimen. The collection contains also no. 2394 and 137, 8.5 and 7.5 inches long, collected at Petropaulski, 1900; no. 2404, a specimen 9.5 inches long, no locality, probably off Kamchatka. Fig. 74.—Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert). 139. Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert). Described originally (Gilbert 1895) from Nushagak River and Herendeen Bay. Recorded (a; Cottus teniopterus) by Bean (1882) from Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean; Hagmeister Island, Bering Seas and St. Michael. Turner (1886), Norton Sound, and Scofield (1899}, Port Clarence. No specimens obtained by us. Fig. 75.—Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert). 140. Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert). Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus profundorum from station 3329, north of Unalaska. 316 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 141. Thecopterus aleuticus Smith. Described from Albatross station 3785, in Bering Sea, 150 miles north of Rat Islands, at a depth of 270 fathoms. Only the type known. Fic. 76.—Thecopterus aleuticus Smith. Type. 142. Dasycottus setiger Bean. One specimen 3.25 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 3602, Bering Sea;-36 specimens irom 1.2 to 8 inches in length from stations 4223 in 48 fathoms; 4237 in 194 fathoms; 4248 in 71 fathoms; 4250 in 66 fathoms; 4254 in 45 fathoms; 4275 in 35 fathoms; 4280 in 32 fathoms; 4281 in 42 fathoms; 4286 in 57 iathoms; 4287 in 66 fathoms; 4288 in 67 fathoms; 4290 in 99 fathoms; 4295 in 92 fathoms; 4296 : in 30 fathoms. Besides the above, specimens were seen at stations 4191, 4220, and 4298. Fig. 77.—Dasycottus setiger Bean. In the young (1 inch) the eye is round, not elongate; spines on head not so prominent, color darker. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2855, off Sitkalidak Island. Recorded from stations 3216, 3257, 3310, 3311, and 3324, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula and north of Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895), and off Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 143. Malacocottus zonurus Bean. The collection contains the following specimens of this species: 4 from station 4253, 1 from station 4232, 3 irom station 4230, 1 from station 4198, and 1 from station 4292. Others were seen at St. Mary’s Mission, mouth of Oat Bay, at Boca de Quadra, and at Kasaan Bay. These specimens range in length ——— — ——— THE FISHES OF ALASKA. ale from 2.75 to 7.5 inches, and agree well with current descriptions. The key in Fishes of North and Middle America, however, is defective, in that it would require this genus to have the gill-membranes free from the isthmus, which, of course, is not the case. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3330, and 3331, north of Unalaska, and from stations 3337 and 3339, south of Unima Pass. 144. Porocottus sellaris (Gilbert). Described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus sellaris, from stations 3229 to 3234, 3244, 3247, and 3300, all in Bristol Bay. © 145. Porocottus quadrifilis Gill. Recorded from St. Michael and Kegiktowik (Nelson 1887). 146. Porocottus bradfordi Rutter. The collection contains 27 specimens collected at Karluk Beach, June 8-10, 1903, and no. 2223, also from Karluk, 1903. Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk. 147. Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnzus). Recorded from Point Barrow and Meade River (Murdoch 1885), and St. Michael (Nelson 1887), as Cottus quadricornis. Fig. 78.—Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnzus). 148. Oncocottus hexacornis (Richardson). (Pl. xvu, fig. 2.) Recorded from Herschel Island and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896). We have 3 specimens which we provisionally identify with this species: no. 90, 91, and 92, 8 to 9 inches long, collected by Dr. Gilbert from a salmon trap at Graveyard Point, Kvichak River, near Koggiung, July 16, 1903. Head 3.16 in length; depth 5.75; eye 6.8 in head; snout 4.75; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; inter- orbital 6; dorsal vi1—14; anal 14; ventral 1, 3; pectoral 17; branchiostegals 6. ~ We have also a specimen 2 feet long, no. 2179, collected by the Albatross in Uganik Bay, Kodiak Island. As it differs somewhat from the above and from current descriptions of the species, we give a full description of it: Head 2.75 inlength; depth 5.25; eye (orbit) 8.55 in head (orbital rim 6.2); snout 3.3; maxillary 1.66; mandible 2; interorbital broader than length of orbit but not equal to orbital cavity, 2in snout; dorsal tx-14; anal 13; pectoral 19; ventral 1,3; caudal 9 forked rays; branchiostegals 6. - Body elongate; ventral outline straight; dorsal outline from tip of snout to end of spinous dorsal gently arched and slightly bulging, from there to base of caudal straight, the head, however, slightly depressed; posterior part of body somewhat compressed; caudal peduncle rather long but stout, its length 1.1 in snout, its depth about half its length. Head large and broad, the snout rather blunt, its anterior profile a straight slope from the prominent tubercle of the premaxillary pedicel; mouth wide and capacious, the gape extending to below pupil, the 318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. maxillary to posterior margin of orbit rather narrow, its width at end about 1.5 in orbit; mouth oblique, the upper edge of premaxillary below level of lower margin of orbit; teeth in jaws in broad villiform bands, the band oi lower jaw a trifle broader behind, that in upper jaw widening in front, terminating on each side of the symphysis as a rounded lobe, a narrow mesial toothless ridge in each jaw; teeth of both jaws immovable, pointing inward; vomer witha broad V-shaped band of teeth, the arms of the V rounded; no teeth on palatines; lower jaw included, its band of teeth shutting inside those of the upper jaw; premaxillary separated from maxillary by a deep furrow; upper lip a narrow continuous ridge, followed by a high ridge of skin, which usually lies back toward the maxillary; lower lip a high thin fold at the sides, growing thicker in front and interrupted mesially by a broad frenum; a rather prominent, rounded knob at symphysis of lower jaw. Gill-membrane forming a rather thick but shallow fold across the isthmus; gills 4, the slit behind the fourth represented by a very small pore on the left side, on the right no opening evident; gillrakers represented by broad, low, rounded tubercles, which are very hispid and rough to the touch, like shagreen; head with a few spines and various ridges; nasal spines short, stout, sharp, pointing backward, the distance between them about two-thirds orbit; supraocular ridge beginning as a large raised area in front of eye, continued backward as a blunt high ridge, widening posteriorly and terminating in a rather high rough postocular tubercle which ends abruptly; at the base of this, two diverging short ridges between which rise the prominent supraoccipital ridges, these converging backward to the base of the occiput, where each ends in a raised elongate very rough tubercle much like those behind the eye; a broad, diverging, smooth, blade-shaped ridge extending from the supraoccipital tubercles nearly to upper angle of gill-slit, and from the posterior end of this ridge, rising at a sudden angle, a posteriorly projecting ridge which ends in the stout, short, scapular spine; a long low ridge below the eye, and another back and behind eye, pointing downward; suborbital stay prominent, running backward nearly to the base of the upper preopercular spine; a high broken ethmoidal ridge running across upper part of cheek, extending irom behind eye toward top of gill-slit, and a prominent ridge irom a break in its center toward the base of the upper preopercular spine. Preopercular spines 4, the upper stout, about as long as orbit, straight, pointing outward and back- ward, covered nearly to the tip with skin, which is warty or rough papillose at its base; second spine not quite half so long, pointing downward and outward; third spine a prominent tubercle; fourth; stout, sharp, pointing downward and forward, rather remote from the others; opercular spine short and sharp, nearly covered with skin, terminating a long, prominent, striate, rather curved ridge, which is parallel with the upper edge of the opercular flap; opercular flap long, rather thin, extending upward and backward and beyond the spine fora distance nearly equal to diameter of orbit. Spinous dorsal high, its general contour rounded, its membrane roundly scalloped between the spines, spines long, slender and sharp, the longest (fourth) 3.75 in head, the two spines in front closely approximated, the others rather remote (distance about one-half orbit), the posterior spines shortest, origin of dorsal above suprascapular spine; base 2.25 in head, nearly equal to snout and orbit; interval between spinous and soft dorsal conspicuous, about two-thirds orbit; base of soft dorsal 1.9 in head, its rays long, stout, conspicuously ringed, none of them branched, a few of the anterior shorter, the contour of the fin gently rounded in front and behind, the median portion straight, the margin gently scalloped, the rays not produced, longest rays nearly equal to snout; anal similar in outline to soft dorsal, its membrane, however, considerably thicker, the rays firmer and stouter, ending in rather stout tips; origin of anal below fourth anal ray, anal base equal to a distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit; pectoral very broad, the base procurrent, close to and parallel with the edge of the gill-opening, nearly all the rays, especially the lower, very thick and stout, almost club-shaped and projecting slightly as blunt points beyond the membrane, the lowest very short, gradually lengthening to the first from the uppermost, the uppermost a trifle shorter than second; the three upper rays somewhat slender, displaying the articulations, the others not; longest ray (second) equal to distance from tip of snout to a little beyond posterior margin of orbit, the tip of the fin reaching to end of base of first dorsal but not quite reaching vent; ventral rays and membrane exceedingly thick, the inner ray somewhat the longer, the fin somewhat acute, the greatest length equal to length of snout, the tips reaching about half-way to vent from their base; caudal truncate, fan-shaped, the tips of the forked rays extending beyond tips of membrane as closely approximated points, two near together; peritoneum dusky. No scales, nearly all of upper part of head as well as tip of maxillary covered with minute wartlike elevations, the lower part of the cheek and a patch above suborbital stay and backward and downward Bull.U. S. B. F. 1906. ENOPHRYS CLAVIGER (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES). 1. PLATE XVII. 2, ONCOCOTTUS HEXACORNIS (RICHARDSON), ws * v via _ 2 be takn als ters Ren 4 e anes + y aes = THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 319 from the eye smooth; a patch of minute tubercles along each side of suborbital stay; warts on opercle above opercular ridge minute and collected into patches; below this ridge they are round and flat, collected somewhat into chainlike bands, small patches of minute tubercles extending backward and away from each segment of the lateral line, giving it a somewhat feathery appearance; a line of these small projections terminates the lateral line at the base of the caudal fin; lateral line chainlike, of about 47 jointlike segments. Color in alcohol dark brown above, much mottled with irregular, small, thickly set white blotches, this color extending up somewhat on the base of the fin membranes; lower half of side paler, consisting of a white ground clouded over with minute brown punctulations; ventral surface, including chin and breast, white; upper lip, maxillary, and membranes of upper jaw slaty blue; dorsal fins irregularly blotched with patches of white and dark brown, the margin of each fin, particularly the soft dorsal, inclined to be wholly white; caudal membranes light at base, the rays dark, this dark color broadening outwardly, making a dark brown band parallel with the edge of the fin, its distal border slightly wavy, its proximal border deeply incised by sharp patches of white projecting out between the rays, the outer margin of the fin wholly white; anal white with 3 dark vertical bars about half as wide as eye, these about equal distances apart, the projecting tips of the rays always white; ventrals pale, mostly cloudy, crossed with indistinct bars of lighter; pectorals dark brown, a few round small spots of white arranged roughly in the form of bars; a narrow margin of the fin wholly white, the upper edge of the fin showing - brown regularly crossed by small white dots. Specimen described a female containing a few small eggs. This fish has a close general resemblance to Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. The presence of a fourth preopercular spine, however, removes it from that genus. The character of the gill slit resembles that of Myoxocephalus, but the fourth preopercular spine and other minor characters place it better with- Oncocottus. Our specimen possesses many characters common to both genera, however, and it may be found that characters which have been considered generic in small individuals disappear in larger ones. The gill slit, for instance, is present on one side and absent on the other in this specimen. Fic. 79.—Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas) 149. Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas). We have in the collection a specimen 5 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21,1900. This species has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from Kyska Harbor and Point Belcher. Gilbert (1895), Bristol Bay at stations 3230 to 3233, 3237 to 3246, 3289, 3291, 3296, and 3300. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence. 150. Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean. Head 3 in length; depth 6; eye 3.6 in head; dorsal x1-16; anal 18; pectoral 19; maxillary 2.4; interorbital 3.1. The collection contains 25 specimens 1.5 to 11.5 inches long from the following places: Atka Island, 1894; stations 3598, in Bering Sea, and 3653, off Shana, Iturup Island; Akutan Bay; station 4253, Stephens Passage, and with hook and line in Shakan Bay. The specimen (no. 2913) from station 4253 is a female with very small eggs. 320 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska, and also recorded by him from off Cape Sabine, Arctic Ocean, and from Steamer Bay, Chacan, and Sitka. Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895). Port Clarence ae 1887). Point Barrow (Scofield 1899). St. Paul Island (Palmer). Fic. 80.—Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean. 151. Leptocottus armatus Girard. The collection contains 52 specimens 1.75 to 12 inches long from the following places: Karluk; Gabriola Island; Union Bay; Marrowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Mink Arm; Yes Bay; Dundas Bay; Snug Harbor; Yakutat; Hunter Bay; Loring; and Promise Island. Specimens were also seen at Dundas Bay; Nanaimo; Fort Rupert; Metlakahtla; Boca de Quadra; Karta Bay; Sucia Island; Seattle; and Alert Bay. A specimen (no. 2792) 8.75 inches long, gives the following data: Head 2.8 in body; depth 4.75; eye 6 in head; interorbital 5.5; maxillary 2.1; dorsal vur-17; anal 19; pectoral 18. The young are exceedingly mottled, and wey with 2 very small white spots on shoulder which disappear with age. Fig. 81.—Leptocottus armatus Girard. A specimen 1.5 inches long collected at Promise Island, October 3, 1894, is the smallest specimen we have. It differs somewhat from mature specimens in color, having 3 dark saddle-like crossbars, the first under anterior part of spinous dorsal; second under anterior part and third under posterior part of soft dorsal. Mature specimens can usually be readily recognized by the palmate appearance of the preopercular spines; in successively smaller specimens these gradually become more pinnate. The species is recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; and St. Paul, Kodiak Island. Rutter (1899), Karluk. 152. Oligocottus maculosus Girard. The collection contains 13 specimens from Otter Bay, Pendar Island, 1895; 13 specimens from Kilisut Harbor, 108 from Marrowstone Point, 88 from Gabriola Island, 54 from Fort Rupert, 15 from Shakan Bay, and 16 from Point Ellis; no. 2225, a specimen 3 inches long, and 203 specimens collected THE FISHES OF ALASKA. ant by Mr. Rutter at Karluk in 1903; 19 specimens collected in 1903 in Naha Bay by Mr. Chamberlain, who also collected 2 specimens in Yes Bay in 1905. This species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Alexandrovsk, Cook Inlet; Wrangell; Mary Island and Tongass (Bean 1884), and Karluk (Rutter 1899). Fic. 82.—Oligocottus maculosus Girard. 153. Sigmistes caulias Rutter. Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk. Fig. 83.—Sigmistes caulias Rutter. Type. 154. Blennicottus acuticeps (Gilbert). Head 3.75 in length; depth 5; eye 3.9 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; mandible 2; dorsal vim—15; anal 11; pectoral 13; ventral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6. Body rather elongate, the dorsal contour arched under the spinous dorsal, tapering behind to a slender caudal peduncle, the least depth of which equals eye; head rather small, its upper profile arched; mouth small, horizontal, maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; teeth in viliform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital rather narrow, concave; snout rather sharp and pointed; nasal spines present, rather strong; one pair of supraorbital and two pairs of occipital cirri, these rather long; preopercle with only one (the upper) spine present, this covered with skin—when exposed it is seen to be rather sharp and stout, curved upward; gill-membranes forming a broad fold across isthmus; no evident slit behind last gill-arch; a rather strong suprascapular spine; spinous dorsal rather high, of uniform height, the slender spines (3 in head) united to their tips by the thin transparent membrane, the base of spinous dorsal a trifle longer than head; soft dorsal somewhat lower, its rays longer than spines, 2.1 in head, but slanting backward when fin is extended; base of soft dorsal 2.75 in head; the anal about the same length; pectoral long, graduated, the lowest rays short and stout, free at the ends and hooked, the fin extending beyond origin of anal, nearly as long as head; ventral 1.5 in head, rather long and narrow, extending beyond vent and nearly to base of anal; caudal somewhat narrow, rounded, its length 1.2 in head. : B.B. F.1906—21 322 BULLETIN OF THE-BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color in alcohol slaty blue above, gradually fading to dusky white below; a-dusky patch at front edge of dorsal; anal and lower rays of caudal speckled; pectorals dusky; ventrals and soft dorsal plain. The collection contains 227 specimens varying from 1.5 to 2.5 inches. Two of these were collected by the Albatross in 1894, one in Promise Bay and the other at Atka Island. One isa female containing mature eggs the size of mustard seed. The other specimens were collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. The following counts of 159 specimens collected at Karluk show the variations in the anal rays: Seven have 13 anal rays, 106 have 12 anal rays, 45 have 11 anal rays, and 1 has 10 anal rays. These also show great variation m color and in markings, the ground color varying from plain olivaceous to rosy, and some being almost plain, others much speckled and mottled. In all these specimens the 2 black blotches on spinous dorsal are present, but they vary in size and distinctness. In many the tips of the spines project slightly as minute filaments, and the fin is not evenly rounded, being higher in front. In embryum the fin is not so high, but is rounded, being higher in the center. This species can not be separated from B. embrywm on the number of the anal rays, as both frequently have 11, embryum usually having 10 or 11 and acuticeps varying from 10 to 13. Described by Gilbert (1893) as Oligocottus acuticeps, from Unalaska. Recorded by Rutter (1899), as Oxycottus acuticeps, from Karluk. 155. Blennicottus globiceps (Girard). Recorded by Bean (1881) as Oligocottus globiceps, from the following places: Sitka; Shahafka Cove, Kodiak Island; Adak and Amchitka. 156. Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks). Three specimens (nos. 02224 and 02227), each about 1.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk early in July; and 64 specimens 1 to 2.75 inches long, collected by him at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.8; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3; maxillary 2.5; mandible 3; interorbital 1.25; dorsal 1x, 15; anal 10; branchiostegals 6; pectoral 14; ventral 1, 4; pores about 34 (?). Fie. 84.—Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks). Type. Body somewhat elongate, tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle, the depth of which is some- what more than diameter of orbit; head rather small, compressed, the profile rounded; mouth horizontal, quite small; tip of maxillary reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit; teeth minute, on jaws, vomer, and palatines; nasal spines rather stout; interorbital space rather narrow, concave; apparently no slit behind last giJl-opening; preopercular spine single, covered with skin; when dissected out, it is seen to be simple, short, stout, sharp, and slightly curved upward. Spinous dorsal rather low, rounded, its longest spine about 3 in head, its base about equal to head; longest dorsal ray about 1.6 in head; base of soft dorsal about 2.66 in body; pectoral rather broad, acute, about 1.5 times head and extending beyond origin of anal; ventrals long and slender, 1.3 in head, reaching beyond vent nearly to anal; anal papilla prominent in the male. Color in alcohol: Six saddle-shaped blackish blotches along dorsal, reaching about to lateral line, pale roundish spots between these; lower part of body and all fins but ventrals finely mottled. » ; ‘ ac FS ee a ee SS iin f ; a . ; ; = THE FISHES OF ALASKA. yas" 157. Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 2.75 in iength; depth 5.5; eye 3.3 in head; snout 4.3; dorsal vi-12; anal 12; pectoral 21; ven- tral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6. Body elongate, slightly compressed, tapering gradually from occiput to narrow caudal peduncle, the least depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in eye and 2 in its length; vent median, much nearer base of anal than base of ventral. Head rather large, somewhat depressed; snout bluntly rounded from above, its anterior profile gently rounded; mouth horizontal, tip of premaxillary below lower margin of orbit, maxillary reaching vertical at middle of pupil; teeth minute on jaws, those on vomer and palatines barely discernible; nasal spine short, sharp, and weak; interorbital very narrow, not evidently concave, about 4 in eye; occiput with 2 faint ridges, area between them somewhat concave; opercle thickened above, ending behind Fic. 85.—Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. in a round lobe; 2 preopercular spines, the upper simple, stout, curving upward and inward, covered with membrane, the lower, on lower limb of preopercle, short, directed downward and forward; no evident nasal cirri, and none evident on lateral line; a strong cirrus on tip of maxillary, a small one near base of upper preopercular spine, and a small one on opercular flap, one on shoulder above base of pectoral, rest of body smooth without further cirri or other prickles. Origin of dorsal over upper base of pectoral, spines rather high, second, third, and fourth highest, about 1.4 in head, free at tip, the tips slightly club-shaped; interval between spines very short; soft dorsal nearly as high as spinous dorsal, the middle rays highest, about 2 in head; caudal rounded, long and narrow, 1.3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals long and narrow, reaching nearly to vent, 2 in head; pectoral broad and falcate, upper rays longest, reaching beyond origin of anal, its base strongly procurrent, parallel with gill-cleft and close behind it, length from lower edge of axil to tip about 1.1 in head. Color in alcohol brownish-olivaceous on upper part of side, mottled with small white spots; occipi- tal and interorbital region darkest, region above lateral line light olivaceous; an indistinct darker bar 324 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. under spinous and a similar one under middle of soft dorsal, a dark blotch at base of caudal; dorsal, caudal, and pectoral indistinctly blotched and mottled with brown, these tending to form bands; a dark area at base of pectoral; anal and ventral plain. This species is most closely related to Blennicottus acuticeps, from which it differs markedly in having a blunter snout, narrower interorbital, larger head and eye; fewer dorsal spines and rays; no nasal cirri and none on lateral line. Type no. 57824 U. S. National Museum, a specimen 2 inches long, collected by the Albatross at : station 3598, Bering Sea, June 8, 1894. We have 1 other specimen, 1.2 inches long, from same place. Named for our friend and associate, Mr. H. Walton Clark, of the Bureau of Fisheries, in recogni- tion of his valuable assistance in the preparation of this report. Fig. $6.—Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 158. Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). We have 4 specimens 9 to 10 inches long from Karluk; 1 specimen 6 inches long from station 4259; and another 6 inches long, Tongass Narrows, October 28, 1905. It is recorded by Bean from St. Paul, Kodiak, as Blepsias bilobus. : \ ; Fic. 87.—Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas). 159. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas). Ninety-five specimens of this species were taken at various points from Puget Sound to Kodiak Island. They range in length from 1.25 to 7.5 inches and were taken at the following places: Mar- rowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Fox Bay; Alert Bay; Cleveland Passage; Metlakatla; Killisnoo, and on the beach at Karluk. A female 6 inches long, seined at Marrowstone Point June 29, was ripe with THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 325 eggs of good size (larger than shad eggs) and of bright rosin color. Fifty-six of the specimens were taken at Karluk by Mr. Rutter. These were 1.25 to 1.8 inches long, and the dorsal counts in many of them were Iv, 1-24; the young have a distinct color pattern, showing the pale blotches on fins very distinctly. These blotches are not so distinct on larger examples, indicating that the young are much more bril- liantly colored. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Uiuliuk and Chernofski, Unalaska; Bay of Islands, Adak; Kyska, and St. Paul Island. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska. 160. Nautiscus pribilovius Jordan & Gilbert. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, Adak, Kyska, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island, as Nautichthys oculofasciatus; under the same name by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay and south of the Alaskan Pen- insula at stations 3213, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3231, to 3234, 3236, 3246, 3274, 3281, 3290 to 3294, 3296, 3300, and 3302. The species was described by Jordan & Gilbert in 1899, the type coming from St. George Island and a cotype from Unalaska. 161. Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard). - One specimen 4 inches long from station 4209, Admiralty Inlet; 1 specimen 4.3 inches long from station 4219, mouth of Oak Bay. 162. Ulca marmorata (Bean). A specimen (no. 2917) 12.5 inches long from station 4255, Chilkoot Inlet, is described as follows: Head 2.6 in length; depth 5; eye 5.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 1.5; mandible 1.28; interorbital 2.5; length of middle pectoral rays 1.5; second dersal spine, including filament, 2.5; longest dorsal ray 2.6; caudal 2; longest anal rays 2.7; ventrals 3.1. Head very broad, depressed, the body tapering gradually to the slender caudal peduncle; mouth large, oblique, the maxillary extending beyond pupil; the mandible strongly projecting; teeth very strong on jaws, vomer, palatines, premaxillaries, and tongue, many of them enlarged and canine-like; head very rough, with numerous large bluntish spines, those on supraocular and occiput largest and strongest; one large blunt spine at upper angle of opercle followed by a long curved ridge; preopercle with 4 blunt diverging spines, the second one from top longest; opercle with a strong ridge; interorbital very broad and concave; body everywhere, especially above, covered with low blunt tubercles; under parts with soft tubercles; lower jaw with numerous cirri, some of them branched, nearly equaling eye in length; numerous smaller cirri on upper part of head and anterior part of body. Fins well developed, dorsal spines long, ending in filaments; soft dorsal higher than spinous portion; anal rays somewhat enlarged; pectoral very large, nearly reaching beginning of anal. Besides this large-specimen the collection contains 4 smaller ones, as follows: One 1.8 inches long, dredged at station 4270, Litnik Bay; one 2.25 inches long, dredged at station 4281, Chignik Bay; one 2.6 inches long, dredged at station 4279, Alitak Bay; one 3 inches long dredged at station 4293. Originally described by Bean (1891), as Hemitripterus marmoratus, from Albatross station 2855, off Sitkalidak Island. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) under the same name from stations 3224, 3257, 3258, and 3311 in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island. 163. Hemitripterus cavifrons Lockington. We have in the collection a single specimen 8.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Petro- paulski, June 20, 1903. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Kodiak as Hemitripterus americanus. 164. Synchirus gilli Bean. One specimen 1.5 inches long picked off an anemone at Quarantine Dock, Port Townsend, June 27, 1903. Dorsal 1x-20; anal 20. No spiny tubercles on lateral line; no series of spiny scales along dorsal base. 326 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 165. Psychrolutes paradoxus Giinther. Eighty-seven specimens, from 0.75 to 2.4 inches long, were secured by the Albatross in Otter Bay, May 31, 1895, and at stations 4223, 4228, 4257, 4270, 4271, 4273, 4274, 4275, 4283, 4285, 4290, 4291. These stations range from Puget Sound to Kodiak Island. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Kodiak Island. Gilbert (1895), as Psychrolutes zebra, from stations 3213, 3215, to 3217, 3219, 3222, to 3225, 3257 to 3259, 3263, 3265, 3272, 3310, 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, in shallow water south of the Alaskan Peninsula, thence west to and through Unimak Pass, along the northern shore of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay. Under the same name by Bean (1891) from station 2848, between Unga and Nagai islands. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), stations 3640 off St. Paul Island and 3674 off Kodiak Island at Karluk. Fig. 88—Psychrolutes paradoxus Gtinther. 166. Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks). Head 2.7 in length; depth 3; eye 4.7 in head, equaling snout; interorbital 2; width of mouth 2; dorsal v1, 21; anal 15; pectoral 15; ventral 3. . Body short and tadpole-like, tapering rapidly from the very large head to the narrow caudal peduncle; head very large, globular; snout short and evenly rounded; interorbital very broad, gently convex; mouth large, broad, jaws subequal; maxillary slender, weak, reaching front of eye; teeth in jaws weak, apparently in a single row; vomer and palatines toothless. Dorsal fin much larger than anal, partly concealed by loose skin; spinous dorsal entirely obliterated except the tips of the last 3 Fia. 89.—Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks). spines, which project above the skin as mere tubercles; origin of anal nearly under fourth dorsal ray; tips of last dorsal and anal rays overlapping base of caudal fin; caudal fin evenly rounded; pectoral well developed, its upper rays longest, reaching origin of anal fin, the lower rays somewhat enlarged, their tips free; ventrals small, short, barely reaching vent; nostrils with conspicuous nasal flaps; lower jaw, side of head, and side of body above pectoral fin with conspicuous mucous pores. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 327 Color in alcohol, brownish white; the back in front of dorsal crossed by a broad bluish band; region under pectorals and ventrals bluish; head everywhere above finely punctate with brownish; under part of head whitish; fins all plain bluish white. One specimen, 2.5 inches long, was dredged at station 4256, in 73 fathoms, in Chilkoot Inlet, July 16, 1903, and a specimen 1; inches long, at station 4257, off Funter Bay. Two specimens, each about 1.5 inches long, were seined at Loring, April 25, 1903, by Mr. Chamberlain. Family 34. RHAMPHOCOTTID. .. 167. Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther. The collection contains the following specimens: Two collected by the Albatross in Straits of Fuca (1891); 2 seined at mouth of Hood Canal; 5 from stations 4197, 4204, 4205, 4209, 4212. These differ from current descriptions in that the tubercles are simple and prickly, but not bifid or trifid. Dorsal spines not always vu, sometimes vit, and in one case vil-l1; first pectoral rays and the dorsal rays prickly for their whole length; black spot not always present on all the dorsal rays. There are numerous tubercles on upper half of membrane of eye. This species was recorded irom St. Paul, Kodiak Island, by Bean (1882). Fic. 90—Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther. Family 35. AGONIDE. The Sea-Poachers. 168. Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Specimens from 1.5 to 2 inches long were taken in 1903 at the following Albatross stations: 4204, 4205-7, 4212, 4268, 4284, one specimen being taken at each station. Fort Rupert and Admiralty Inlet. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay at stations 3218, 3214, 3217, 3220, 3223, 3224, 3262, and 3322. The species was also seen at 328 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 169. Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius). Recorded by Nelson (1887) irom Unalaklik and by Gilbert (1895), as Brachyopsis dodecaedrus, from Bristol Bay at stations 3239, 3240, 3242, and 3248. Fic. 91.—Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius). 170. Pallasina barbata (Steindachner). Twelve specimens, 2.25 to 4 inches long, seined in Funter Bay; one, 4.75 inches long, seined in Kilisut Harbor; two, 3.8 and 5 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage; all collected by the Albatross in 1903. These specimens might just as well be called P. aiz, except for the 3 or more rows of plates (some- times 2) on median line infront of ventrals. P. atx is said to have but 2 and the neighboring plates small. These specimens have 2 or 3, and the other plates small or large. The barbel is short. in barbata it should be long. Recorded as Siphagonus barbata (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Unalaska: Port Clarence. Albatross stations 3239, 3240, 3242 to 3245, and 3258, all in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893). Tliulink, Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield 1897). Fic. 92.—Pallasina barbata (Steindachner). 171. Pallasina aix Starks. Recorded from Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899). 172. Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius). Thirteen specimens, 2 to 5.5 inches, no label, but probably from Alaska; ten, 3 to 8.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3600, and at Port Ludlow; twenty-five, 4.5 to 8 inches long, collected by the Albatross in 1903 at stations 4270 to 4272, 4276, and 4296: also at Marrowstone Point, and seined at Quarantine Station; one specimen taken at Yes Bay by the Albatross in 1905. Fic. 93.—Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius). In most of the specimens the plates on caudal peduncle have spines, which is contrary to current descriptions. The color also is different in our specimens; in most of them the black streaks between plates are absent; the 3 black bars on caudal peduncle and the one under anterior part of soft dorsal are not noted in current descriptions. ’ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 329 Originally described by Tilesius from Unalaska. Recorded by Bean (1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Unalaska; Cape Lisburne; Arctic Ocean. From many stations (44) around the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay by Gilbert (1895). From St. Paul Island by Townsend (1887). Tig. 94.—Averruncus emmelane Jordan & Starks. 173. Averruncus emmelane Jordan & Starks. One specimen, 6.25 inches long, dredged at station 4222, mouth of Hood Canal. Only 2 other specimens known. They were taken in a seine near Port Orchard, Puget Sound, by E. C. Starks. Fig. 95.—Sarritor frenatus Gilbert. 174. Sarritor frenatus Gilbert. Six specimens, 2.5 to 10.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3599, 4290, and 4292. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Odontopyvis frenatus from Albatross stations 3219, 3225 to 3227, 3255 to 3258, 3263, 3269, 3279, 3282, 3309, 3311, 3313, and 3330, located on both sides of the Alaskan Peninsula and both north and south of the Aleutian Chain. 175. Sarritor leptorhynchus (Gilbert). Seven specimens, 3.25 to 4.5 inches long, were dredged at stations 4268, 4279, 4283, 4285, and 4286. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula at stations 3215, 3219, 3222, 3229, 3259, 3265, and 3267. Fig. 96.— Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert. 176. Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert. The collection contains 36 specimens, 2.25 to 8 inches long, dredged by the Albatross in 1903 at stations 4191, 4198, 4231, 4235, 4236, 4238, 4240, 4241, 4250 to 4252, 4258, and 4266. The species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of Unalaska at stations 3210, 3316, 3324, 3325, 3329 to 3332, and 3337. 330 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF FISHERIES. 177. Kenochirus pentacanthus Gilbert. This species is very generally distributed from Puget Sound to Bermg Sea. It was never taken abundantly, but was found at a great many different places, 71 specimens, from 1.6 to 4.65 inches long, being taken at stations 3547 (Bering Sea), 3597, £193, 4221, 4223, 4226, 4227, 4238, 4244, 4271, 4274 to 4276, 4278 to 4281, 4283, 4285 to 4289, 4290-io 4293. and 4295. It is very doubtful whether the prickly breast (alascanus) and narrow interorbital (peniacanthus) which separate pentacanthus and alascanus are good characters. Im this large series some have the prickly breast but narrow interorbital. With a larger series these 2 species would very probably run together. 178. Xenochirus alascanus Gilbert. This species was not taken by us. It was ongimally described by Gilbert (189%) from vicinity of Unimak Pass at stations 3216, 3219, 3223, 3225 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, 3336, and 3339. Recorded from Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 179. Xenochirus latifrons Gilbert. We have 142 specimens, 3.5 to 6 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd near Seatile, 1903. 180. Odontopyxis trispimosus Lockingion. One specimen, 2.65 inches long, dredged at station 4221; one specimen, 2.4 inches long, dredged at station 4193: the species also seen at station 4226, near Loring, and station 4243, Kasaan Bay. Recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882) as Podothecus trispinosus. 181. Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean. Originally described by Bean (1886) “from Alaska.”" im Bering Sea, perhaps. Not found by recent collectors. ne Fic. 97.—Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean. 182. Aspidophoroides bartoni Gilbert. Eleven specimens, 2 to 5.25 inches long, were dredged ai stations 3599 (Bering Sea), 4273, 4276, 4279, 4283, 4285, 4286, 4289, 4291, and 4292. This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay from 41 different dredging siations, rancing between 3213 and 3311. ~ 183. Aspidophoroides inermis Ginther. One specimen, 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4272; one specimen, 4 inches, mouth Hood Canal. collected by the Albatross. 1903. The type of this species came from Unalaska. The species was also taken at Albatross stations 3213, 3219, 3220. 3265, and 3322, these in Bristol Bay and north and south of the Aleutian group. Family 36. CYCLOPTERID®. The Lump Suckers. 184. Eumicrotremus orbis (Ginther). One specimen 1.1 inches long, mouth of Hood Canal, July 1; one specimen 1 inch long dredged at station 4205: one specimen 1.5 inches long dredged at station 4291; one specimen 3.85 inches long, taken from stomach of cod caught in Bering Sea in spring of 1902 in 500 feet of water. The species has also THE FISHES OF ALASKA. Bot been recorded from Iliuliuk, Unalaska, and from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Ewmicrotremus spinosus. South of Sannak Islands and in Bristol Bay from stations 3213, 3258, and 3274 (Gilbert 1895). Off St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 185. Lethrotremus muticus Gilbert. This species, not taken by recent collectors, was described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3223 and 3258, near Unimak Pass. Fig. 98.—Lethrotremus muticus Gilbert. 186. Cyclopteroides gyrinops Garman. Recorded from St. Paul Island (Garman 1892) and Dutch Harbor (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 187. Cyclopterichthys ventricosus (Pallas). No. 02234 and 02298, 8.5 and 7.75 inches long, respectively, collected by Rutter at Karluk in 1903. These 2 specimens show the two different schemes of coloration noted in descriptions. Recorded from St. Paul Island (Kincaid 1899). Family 37. LIPARIDID2. The Sea Snail, 188. Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder. Head 4 in length; depth 4.33; eye 4.6 in head; snout 3; interorbital equal to snout; dorsal v, 28; anal 26; pectoral 33; caudal 14; branchiostegals 6. Body tadpole-shaped, anterior portion to origin of anal rounded, the remainder greatly compressed; dorsal outline gently arched; ventral outline of 2 gentle arches meeting each other at a broad angle at the origin of anal; head small, depressed; snout broadly rounded viewed from above, truncate from the side; mouth narrow, horizontal, with little lateral cleft and mandible barely included; lips rather thin; teeth small, white, tricuspid, in several rows in each jaw; nostrils inconspicuous, anterior with a small tube; several mucous pores on head along ramus of lower jaw and behind eye; gill-slit narrow, slightly wider than eye, entirely above upper base of pectoral; opercle ending in a soft sharp flap. Dorsal fin low, its origin over middle of pectoral, its length about 3.5 times head, the fin quite low, the posterior rays longer, margin minutely crenulate, longest ray about 2.5 in head; anal similar to dorsal, its origin under about the third or fourth dorsal ray, last ray of anal slightly posterior to last dorsal ray and both fins slightly united to caudal at the tips of their last rays; caudal truncate, long and slender, its length about 1.2 in head; pectorals broad, of 2 lobes, the upper broad and rounded, lower narrow, its Shite BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. margin ill defined, and not very distinct from upper lobe; rays somewhat produced, longest ray consid- erably shorter than upper lobe, length of upper lobe 1.3 in head, tip reaching vent; ventral disk nearly circular, its length 1.6 in head, 13 horny lobes, rather deciduous. Color jet black above, lighter on belly, a white crescent-shaped line across base of caudal, extending on tip of last dorsal and anal ray; caudal indistinctly barred with black and white bars; dorsal and anal fins dark, edges with a narrow black border. We have 13 specimens, varying from 0.75 to 2.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. The species is recorded by Rutter (1899) from Karluk and Uyak Bay. Fic. 99.—Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder. 189. Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas). One hundred and twenty-six specimens, 0.75 to 5 inches long, secured in 1903 from the following places: Shakan Bay: Diamond Point; Poimt Ellis; Funter Bay; stations 4205-7; Naha Bay, Loring; Neah Bay, and at Karluk. Recorded (Bean 1882, as Liparis calliodon) from Port Etches; Belkoiski;; Sanborn Harbor, Shu- magins; Nateekin Bay, Unalaska; Adak; Amchitka; St. Michael. Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Karluk and Uyak Bay (Rutter 1899). St. Michael (Turner 1886, as Liparis calliodon). Jordan & Gilbert (1899) found it at Captains Harbor, Unalaska; St. Paul Island; St. George Island, and Sitka. Fic. 100.—Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas). i) 190. Liparis cyclopus Giinther. (Pl. xvm, fig. 1.) Recorded from Unalaska (Bean 1882) as Liparis cyclopus; Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Liparis cyclopus: Bristol Bay. at station 3230 (Gilbert 1895). 191. Liparis fucensis Gilbert. Twelve specimens, 1.4 to 3.25 inches long, dredged at stations 4208, 4220, 4270 to 4272, 4289, and 4302, and mouth Hood Canal; and 22 (small) from station 4256. PLATE XVIII. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. “d14S1ld008 SNNITAHOSYSH SIYVdI1 “YSAHLNONO SNMOTOAO SIUVdIT * I G PLATE XIX. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. "LYSED VNSOILSOTOAD SIYVdII PLATE XX. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. sp enenso errr is eee “AdAL “LYSEdTld % Nvduor SNUNTASdAD SNUYNNSOUd Lysis % NVGuYOr SITIEVYIN SAHLHOITIVLSAYO * L 6 THE FISHES OF ALASKA. gaa 192. Liparis agassizii Putnam. Recorded from Unalaska and St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Liparis gibbus. Bristol Bay at stations 3241, 3247, and 3305 (Gilbert 1895). Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885). Fic, 101.—Liparis agassizii Putnam. 193. Liparis herschelinus Scofield. (Pl. xvi, fig. 2.) Recorded from Herschel Island, Arctic Ocean (Scofield 1899). 194. Liparis cyclostigma Gilbert. (Pl. xrx.) Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at station 3252, near Unalaska. 195. Liparis pulchellus Ayres. Recorded from St. Paul, Kodiak Island, and from [liuliuk, Unalaska (Bean 1882); Tongass (Bean 1884); station 3269 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). 196. Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 1.) Recorded from station 3638, off St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 197. Careproctus simus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3331. 198. Careproctus colletti Gilbert. One specimen, 3.5 inches long, from station 4295, Shelikof Straits. This specimen differs somewhat from current descriptions; the head is 4, not 6; distance from tip of snout to origin of anal is 2.5, not 3.66. Color almost white, not dusky, though our specimen may have faded. Mouth and gill cavity not dusky; peritoneum white, not dusky. This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of Alaskan Peninsula. 199. Careproctus phasma Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at stations 3254 and 3256. 200. Careproctus spectrum Bean. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2848, between Unga and Nagai islands. 201. Careproctus ostentum Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert ( 1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3324 and 3331. 202. Careproctus ectenes (Gilbert. Gaeadly described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3331. 203. Prognurus cypselurus Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 2. Originally described by Jordan & Gilbert (1899) from Albatross station 3644, off Bogosloi Island. — 334 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 204. Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at station 3331. 205. Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3308 and 3332. We-have 25 specimens taken at stations 4194, 4202, 4251-4253, 4255, 4258, 4292 and 4293. 206. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3225 and 3330. 207. Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3332. 208. Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3227, 3325, 3326, 3329 to 3332. ? Fic. 102.—Bathymaster signatus Cope. Family 38. BATHYMASTERID&. 209. Bathymaster signatus Cope. Seventeen specimens 1.5 to 11.75 inches long, collected at stations 3856, 3599 (Bering Sea), 4285, 4289, and at Karluk; Loring; Yes Bay; Redfish Bay; Killisnoo; Sitka; and Pablof Harbor. It has been recorded (Bean 1882 and 1884) from Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor and off Popoff Island,.Shumagins; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Mary Island; Fort Wrangell; Port Chester and Nakat. Gilbert (1895) records it as very abundant in the shallow water dredgings along the southern shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, northward through Unimak Pass and north of Unalaska at stations 3211 to 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3223 and 3319, and Jordan & Gilbert (1899) record it from Sitka. Fic. 103.—Ronquilus jordani Gilbert. 210. Ronquilus jordani Gilbert. The collection contains 37 specimens 2.5 to 6.75 inches long taken in Admiralty Inlet, at Hood Canal, and at stations 4193, 4197, 4204, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4220, 4228, 4272, 4278 and 4289. The species was originally described by Gilbert (1889) as Bathymaster jordam from Fort Wrangell. He also records it under the same name from station 3262 in Bristol Bay. | ; | 4 THE FISHES OF ALASKA. B00 Family 30. TRICHODONTIDZ. 211. Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius). We have 1 specimen 2.5 inches long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, September 17, 1894. The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) as Trichodon stellert from Coal Harbor and Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Unalaska, and Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island. Bristol Bay at station 3260 and from Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Mr. H. C. Fassett examined a specimen at Klawak in 1905 which was taken near that place. Though rare, this curious fish appears to be widely distributed in Alaska. Fig. 104.—Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius). 212. Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner). We have 1 specimen 1 inch long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, July 24, 1894. Fig. 105.—Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner). Family 40. BATRACHOIDIDE. The Toadfishes. 213. Porichthys notatus Girard. The collection contains 6 specimens 5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Union Bay and at station 4218. 336 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family 41. GOBIESOCID. The Clingfishes. 214. Caularchus meeandricus (Girard). The collection contains 2 specimens, each 2.75 inches long, seined at Fort Rupert June 28, 1903. We also have 2 specimens 1.5 and 2.25 inches long taken at Gabriola Island by the Albatross. Fig. 106.—Caularchus meandricus (Girard). Family 42. BLENNIIDA. The Blennies. 215. Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas). One specimen 7 inches long seined at station 4228; 2 specimens 4.5 inches long dredged at station 4205; no. 2914, a specimen 11.4 inches long, from station 4253. Fic. 107.—Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas). In the smaller examples the cirri on the top of head are coarse, thick, and blunt; in the larger exam- ples they are quite different, being small and hairlike and not so numerous. Recorded from stations 3213 and 3274, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula (Gilbert 1895) as Chirolophus polyactocephalus. St. Michael (Nelson 1887) and St. Paul (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fig. 108.—Apodichthys flavidus Girard. 216. Apodichthys flavidus Girard. The collection contains 22 specimens 4 to 8 inches long from Sucia Island, May 6, 1894. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 837 217. Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas). Recorded from Kigiktowik and Unalakleet, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) as Muraenoides ruberrimus, and from Aleutian Islands (Bean 1882) as Muraenoides dolichogaster. Fig. 109.—Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas). 218. Pholis fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider). We have 14 specimens 2.25 to 3 inches long, collected by Rutter at Karluk June 8-10, 1903, and one specimen 7 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, 1906. The species has been recorded from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Murxnoides maxillaris and from Bristol Bay at stations 3230, 3232 to 3234 (Gilbert 1895). 219. Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 8.66 in length; depth at origin of dorsal 10.5; eye 5 in head; snout 5; maxillary 3.25; man- _dible 2.5; interorbital 1.5 in eye; dorsal Lxxxi1v; anal m1, 44; pectorals 15; branchiostegals 4. Body elongate, greatly compressed, almost ribbon-shaped; head small, upper profile arched, anterior profile rounded; a high sharp ridge from nape to snout; snout blunt, short; mouth small, very oblique; jaws nearly equal; maxillary reaching anterior edge of orbit; teeth conical, stout, in a single row in the jaws, except for a patch on anterior edge of lower jaw, none on vomer and palatines; upper lip a high, thin fold continuous posteriorly with the fold on lower lip, latter interrupted by a Fie. 110.—Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. broad frenum; nostrils close behind upper lip, posterior in a small tube; a row of conspicuous tubes below eye running backward and upward posteriorly; gill-opening free from isthmus, forming a broad fold, not continued forward; eye small, anterior, high. Origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, its anterior spines concealed in membrane, short, gradually lengthening posteriorly, the spines not concealed, the longest spine slightly longer than eye; dorsal and anal connected for their entire height, forming a slight notch with the broad rounded caudal, the length of caudal about half head; anal low, with 2 short stout spines, membranes thick, nearly con- cealing the rays; vent midway between root of pectoral and base of caudal; pectoral short and broadly rounded, 2.5 in head; ventral very minute, its rays about equal to spine, which equals pupil. Scales minute, covering body, head naked. B. B. F. 1906—22 338 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Color inalcohol: General color brown, the minute scales giving this brown the appearance of small white punctulations; a series of 10 white blotches punctate with brown along-base of dorsal, each one extending from upper edge of fin down upon body, forming semicircular patches about as large as pectoral fin; a series of irregular white parallel bars about as wide as eye on anterior lower half of side, these broken posteriorly into rows of dots; head pale beneath, a white stripe extending from front of occiput through eye to posterior tip of mandible, broadening somewhat as it descends, another small white stripe extending vertically along anterior margin of orbit; snout and lower lip brown, chin white; caudal and anal dusky; ventral and pectoral plain; dorsal general color of back. This fish differs from the description of P. dolichogaster in having the anterior spines of dorsal short, also in having a sharp ridge on interorbital space, and the color entirely different. The above irom the type, no. 57826, U. S. National Museum, a specimen 6.75 inches long collected in Bering Sea in 1902, sent in by Mrs. E. W. Clark, of Washington, D. C. Named for Dr. Theodore Nicholas Gill. 220. Pholis ornatus (Girard). The collection contains 208 specimens 1.6 to 8 inches long. It is common along the shores from Port Townsend to Unalaska and was collected at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Admiralty Head; Port Townsend; Fort Rupert; Union Bay; Whidby Island; Kilisut Harbor: Duncan Canal; Sucia Island; Tongass Harbor; Metlakahtla; Loring; Yes Bay; Karta; Klawak; Shakan:; Funter Bay; Ankau River; Karluk; Litnik; and Unalaska. a Fig. 111.—Pholis ornatus (Girard). There are 2 very distinct color patterns in our specimens. Most of them have the ocellate spots on the dorsal and upper part of body; others have broad U-shaped dark marks on dorsal and upper part of body instead of these dark spots. The latter have from 1 to 3 dark spots on anterior rays of dorsal, these sometimes indistinct. This species has been recorded as Murznoides ornatus (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Port Etches; Chugachik Bay and Reiuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Kodiak; Coal Harbor and Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins; Belkofski, Alaska Peninsula; Dliuliuk, Unalaska; Atka; Adak; Amchi- tka; Attu and Port Moller, and under the same name by Bean in 1884 irom Wrangell and Tongass. Unalaska and Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk and Uyak and Alitak bays (Rutter 1899). Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Murznoides ornatus. Fic. 112. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz). 221. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz). This collection contains 204 specimens one-half to 4.5 inches long. The species is common along the shore from Port Townsend to Bering Sea. It was taken at the following places: Gabriola Island, Point Ellis, Fort Rupert, Port McArthur, Loring, Shakan Bay, Klawak, Alitak Narrows, Karluk, Uyak Bay, and Atka Island. It has been recorded from St. Michael by Nelson (1887). By Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave; Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor, Sanborn Harbor, and Popoff Straits, Shumagins; Unalaska; THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 339 Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Kyska Harbor; Port Etches; St. Michael. Wrangell, Mary Island, and Tongass (Bean 1884). Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Rutter (1899) found it common at Karluk, and in Uyak, and Alitak bays. 222. Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert). Recorded by Bean (1882) from Adak and Amchitka, Aleutian Islands. Fig. 113.—Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert). 223. Xiphidion mucosum Girard. ‘The collection contains 14 specimens, 1.5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Gabriola Island, Point Ellis, and Port Rupert. The species has been recorded from Wrangell and Mary Island by Bean (1882) as Xiphistes mucosus. 224. Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert). We have 1 specimen 5 inches long from Cedar Island, Loring, June 17, 1904. Bean (1882) records it from Sitka as Xiphister rupestris. Fig. 114.—Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert). Type. 225. Opisthocentrus ocellatus (Tilesius). We have 8 specimens, 5.5 to 7 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, 1900, by the Albatross. 226. Leptoclinus maculatus (Fries). The collection contains 3 specimens 4 to 5.5 inches long from Albatress stations 4274 and 4279. Recorded from station 3223 in Unimak Pass and stations 3252, 3253, 3257 to 3259, 3279 and 3309, all in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). 227. Poroclinus rothrocki Bean. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2852, between Nagai and Big Koniushi Island. Station 3312, north of Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895). 228. Lumpenus medius (Reinhardt). (Pl. xxz1, fig. 1.) Head 5 in length; depth 8.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.6; interorbital 3 in eye; dorsal Lvm; anal u, 39 (35 to 38); pectoral 14; ventral 3; caudal 2.2 in head; ventral 2.75; pectoral 1.35. The collection contains 21 specimens, 2.5 to 11 inches long, collected at stations 4243, 4270 to 4272, 4274 to 4276, 4280, 4281, 4287, and in Kasaan Bay. 340 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 229. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas). This species was found to be quite common. It was taken at various points and seen at many others from Seattle to Atka Island. One hundred and fifty-two specimens, ranging from 1.75 to 14.5 inches in length, were secured from the following places: Seattle; Kilisut Harbor; Duncan Canal; Loring; Ankau River; New Morzhovoi; Pablof Harbor; Akutan Bay; Makushin Bay; Unalaska; Atka; and stations 4214, 4218, 4236, 4272, and 4296. Recorded (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; Port Levas- hef, Iliuliuk and Ckernofski, Unalaska; Wrangell and Sitka, and, in cruise of the Corwin, from Point Belcher. Also from Norton Sound (Nelson 1887). Nakat foie and Boca de Quadra (Bean = = Unalaska (Gilbert 185). hid we 230. Lumpenus mackayi Gilbert. Originally describe1 by Gilbert (1895) from mouth of Nushagak River. 231. Lumpenus fabricii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Recorded from Bristcl Bay at stations 3241 to 3244 (Gilbert 1895) as Leptoblennius nubilus. 232. Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 5.25 in length; depth 8.2; eye 4.75 in head; snout 2.8; dorsal Lxmm (Lxmr to LxXx1); anal m (mz to v), 39 (38 to 42); interorbital 1.2 in eye. Body elongate, compressed; head long, compressed, interorbital slightly convex; eye large, elon- gate, median, high; snout long, blunt, and projecting, mouth small, nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; | maxillary not nearly reaching eye, reaching halfway from tip of snout to posterior edge of eye; teeth ina single crowded row on each jaw, crowded and more or less in a patch anteriorly, no teeth on vomer or palatines; gill-openings continued forward to below anterior edge of pupil, the membranes then narrowly joined to isthmus. per lila a ml, Lt IS ae sass ae Fic. 115.—_Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. Dorsal fin beginning immediately above upper end of gill-opening, the spines short, strong, and pun- gent, none of them flexible, the anterior ones very short, less than width of pupil, the fin gradually increasing in height to opposite front of anal, thence decreasing very slowly to posterior end, the longest spine about 1.3 in snout, the third ray from last two-thirds height of longest ray, the tips of the spines naked for about one-quarter of their height; anal with 3 (in most examples 4) strong spines similar to those of dorsal fin, the first half as high as second, which equals third, soft rays all forked and of about equal length, the last 3 free for upper third of their length; caudal rounded, 1.9 in head; ventral short, of 1 short sharp strong spine, equal to perpendicular diameter of eye, and 3 simple rays, the fin 2 in snout; pectoral large, rounded, the middle rays longest, 1.5 in head. Scales small, smooth, rounded, covering entire body and head, those of head smaller and more closely imbricated. The foregoing description from the type no. 57827 U. S. National Museum, a specimen 9.3 inches long, taken in Lynn Canal, July 16, 1903, at Albatross station 4255. The Bureau of Fisheries cotype is no. 5232; Stanford University Museum, no. 20013; Field Museum of Natural History, no. 6116; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 33005. Life colors of one example: Back and upper side light olivaceous with darker brownish blotches; middle of side and underparts sooty blue; middle part of belly blackish; pectoral and ventral dark; dorsal pale yellowish at base, a narrow dark line near edge. aNot necessarily color of type, it not being known from which specimen the note was taken. SS a THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 34] Color in spirits, grayish olivaceous, edge of dorsal, anal, and of gill-opening black; pectoral, caudal, ventral, and lips black; a dark blotch on opercle; belly and top of head slightly darker than body. MEASUREMENTS OF 19 EXAMPLES OF LUMPENUS LONGIROSTRIS FROM STATION 4254. { 1 No. | Length. | Head. ele Eye. |Snout.| Dorsal. Anal. | Inches. 52 64 | 53 gt 43 23 LXV Iv, 40 53 8 52 92 5 23 LXVI is eave. AO 54 7 Ba 93 5 98 TKK: ln hv, 42 55 7 Be 92 5 98 Ixy itv. 40 56 62 5s gs 5h 3 LXV | Iv, 41 57 oo ee 92 Bi 93) LXxvI Iv. 41 58 8k | BE | 92 5 oe LXIV Iv, 40 59 Pile ee eB 5 98 | LxIv Vv, 38 60 62 | Bh 93 5¢ 22 LXIV Iv, 41 61 5a 5a 92 Biles Shae ie era. |) -rv7'39 62 4h met 10t 3 3 nxry | tv, 40 63 7E | 6L 93 5 23 Lxva | Iv, 8 64 gal 8g, gi mh oe te rey |i ev. 40 65 7 Bz gi 5s | 2 Ts eee Wee Be ela) ee | ee 68 6 | Bi gi 3 3" LXIvV | tv, 41 69 meh ee 92 eS ee ixy | 1v,39 70 z | 53 10 oF 23 LXVI | Iv, 42 | This species may be readily distinguished by its very long snout, in which respect it differs from all the other species of Lumpenus, and in the naked tips of the dorsal spine. We have 60 other specimens, ranging in length from 2.5 to 9.87 inches, all of which we take as cotypes. They were collected at stations 4238, 4251, 4252, 4254, 4255, and 4256. SLE Fic. 116.—Stichzus punctatus (Fabricius). 233. Stichzus punctatus (Fabricius). Recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887, Bean 1879). Cape Lisbourne (Bean 1882) as Notogrammus rothrocku. Bristol Bay at station 3239 and from Karta Bay (Gilbert 1895). Family 43. CRYPTACANTHODIDE. 234. Delolepis virgatus Bean. The collection contains a specimen (no. 1660), 40 inches long, collected at Dutch Harbor, 1893 or 1894. Species originally described by Bean (1882) from Kingcombe Inlet, British Columbia, and Port - Wrangell; recorded also from Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Fic. 117.—Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert. 235. Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3312, north of Unalaska. 342 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family 44. ANARHICHADID. The Wolf-Fishes. 236. Anarhichas lepturus (Bean). Recorded from St. Michael and Kigiktowik (Nelson 1887); also from St. Michael ( Turner 1886). Fic. 118.—Anarhichas lepturus (Bean). Family 45. PTILICHTHYIDE. The Quill-Fishes. 237. Ptilichthys goodei Bean. One specimen, 13.5 inches long, from Snug Harbor, August 6, 1903, caught in dip net over rail of ship. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Port Levashef, Unalaska. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 331, Unalaska Harbor. - Fig. 119.—Ptilichthys goodei Bean. Family 46. ZOARCIDE. 238. Lyciscus crotalinus (Gilbert). ; Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodopsis crotalinus from station 3210, south of Sannak Island. 239. Lycodopsis pacificus (Collett). This species, not heretofore recorded north of Puget Sound, was taken at station 4272, in Afognak Bay, and also at stations 4214, 4219, 4223, and 4233, and at Seattle. Twenty-three specimens, ranging from 3 to 8.75 inches in length, were collected. In some there is a very evident black blotch on the upper part of the 3 or 4 anterior dorsal rays. 240. Lycodes concolor Gill & Townsend. Described from Bering Sea, latitude 55° 19’ north, longitude 168° 11’ west, at Albatross station 3608, in 276 fathoms. 241. Lycodes digitatus Gill & Townsend. Described from Bering Sea, latitude 56° 14’ north, longitude 164° 8’ west, at Albatross station 3541, in 49 fathoms. 242. Lycodes palearis Gilbert. The collection contains 7 specimens, 2.25 to 15.5 inches long, taken at stations 4223, 4246, 427 2, and 4273. The species was originally described from stations 3253 and 3254, Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 3438 | 248. Lycodes jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Head 7 in total length; depth 14; eye 4.5 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.9; interorbital 3 in length of eye; length of pectoral 2.1 in head; ventral 1.5 in eye; dorsal 116; anal 93 (dorsal and anal counts taken from cotype). Head and nape naked, rest of body fully scaled, except the axil of pectoral, which is naked; dorsal origin over anterior part of pectoral; anal origin under about the eighteenth dorsal ray; pectorals nearly rounded in outline, the fourth toseventh rays from the upper part being the longest, all the rays except a few upper free at their tips, the free margin about equal in length to pupil. Top of head flat, the interorbital space about equal to pupil, the bone being much narrower, about one-fourth the space; maxillary reaching anterior edge of pupil; small villiform teeth on vomer, pala- tines, and jaws, those on jaws in a single row laterally, broadening into a patch anteriorly; a row of 4 arge pores on mandible, the row continued in 3 similar pores on preopercle; 6 similar but smaller Fig. 120.—Lycodes jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type. pores extending from anterior nasal opening just above maxillary and posteriorly under eye, the last pore above the next to last in lower row; anterior nasal opening with short tube; lower jaw included; upper jaw reaching very slightly beyond lower, for a distance less than half width of pupil; lateral line not evident. General color: Brownish olivaceous, the scales on body and fins white, giving the body the appear- ance of being white spotted, the pectoral, head, and edges of dorsal and anal a darker olive than that of body. Another specimen from station 4267, and which we take as a cotype, gives the following measure- ments: Head 6.8 in total length; depth 16.5; eye 4.66 in head; snout 3.9; interorbital 1.3 in eye, the bone about 4 in eye; maxillary 3 in head; mandible 3.4; ventral equaling eye; pectoral 2 in head; dorsal 116; anal 93. This species is near Lycodes palearis, differing in depth, in color, in the shorter upper jaw, and in other characters. Type, no. 57828, U. 8. National Museum (field no. 2439), a specimen 13.25 inches long from Albatross station 3788, and cotype, no. 20014, Stanford University Museum, a specimen 8.4 inches long from station 4267. 244. Lycodes brevipes Bean. This species was found to be very common in the deep waters from Puget Sound to Shelikof Strait. Sixty-three specimens, 2.5 to 10.75 inches long, are in the collection. These were taken at stations 2848, 4201, 4218, 4246, 4248, 4250, 4252, 4254 to 4256, 4258, 4275, 4280, 4283, 4285, 4291 to 4293, 4295, and 4296. Originally described by Bean (1891) from Unga and Nagai islands, at Albatross station 2848; recorded also from stations 3216, 3225 to 3227, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, and 3330, located north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895), and from off Karluk (Jordan-& Gilbert 1896). 844 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 245. Lycodalepis turneri Bean. Recorded by Bean (1879) as Lycodes turnert from St. Michael and (1882) as Lycodes coccineus from Big Diomede Island, Bering Strait. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885) as Lycodes turnert and Lycodes coccineus. Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) and Point Barrow (Scofield 1899), both as Lycodalepis turnert. Fic. 121.—Lycodalepis turneri Bean. 246. Furcimanus diaptera (Gilbert). Thirty-nine specimens of this species, ranging in length from 2.45 to 12.5 inches long, were taken at stations 4198, 4236, 4238, 4251, 4255. The color in all the large specimens is uniform and the bars are lacking; in the medium-size ones the bars are very faint; some of the small ones are nearly plain, others distinctly barred. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodes diapterus from north of Unalaska, at stations 3227, 3324, Sa20, da2d 0 Good: Fig. 122.—Furcimanus diapterus (Gilbert). 247. Bothrocara pusilla (Bean). The collection contains 14 specimens, 4.75 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations 4251, 4252, 4255, ae geen described by Bean (1891) as Maynea pusilla from off Nagai Island, Albatross station 2848. North of Unalaska at stations 3224, 3227, 3330, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895). 248. Bothrocara mollis Bean. (Pl. xx1, fig. 2.) Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fic. 123.—Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius). 249. Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius). Three specimens, 3 to 4 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903. These specimens differ somewhat from current descriptions. The head is 8 not 6.5 in length, and color in alcohol is almost uniform cherry red; 2 of the specimens have a conspicuous white bar along the cheek, which is faint in the third specimen. Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. a PLaTE XXI. ) e] 5) ) 25 BOTHROCARA MOLLIS BEAN, 1. LUMPENUS MEDIUS (REINHARDT). 2. Peat eeny Gs DESI IG sale ie ha 259595352)2529 >, y i) yy) Bry a sh 7 re sof THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 845 The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Coal Harbor, Shumagins; St. Michael, and Una- laska. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885). St. Michael (Turner 1886). Unalaska and at station 3256 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk (Rutter 1899). 250. Gymnelis stigma (Lay & Bennett). Originally described from Kotzebue Sound (1839); also recorded from Albatross station 3688, near St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Fig. 124.—Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert. 251. Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert. Described from the coast of southern Alaska, latitude 46° 10’ north, longitude 121° 58’ 45”” west, at Albatross station 3202, in 382 fathoms. Family 47. LYCODAPODIDA. 252. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert. This species is represented in the collection by 8 specimens, 2.5 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations 4225, 4250, and 4257. Recorded from north of Unalaska at station 3324 (Gilbert 1895). 253. Lycodapus parviceps Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska Island. Fig. 125.—Merluccius productus (Ayres). 254. Lycodapus extensus Gilbert. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska. Family 48. MERLUCCID. 255. Merluccius productus (Ayres). We have one specimen, 4.5 inches long, collected by Mr. J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903. 346 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family 49. GADIDH. The Codfishes. 256. Boreogadus saida (Lepechin). Recorded from Kigiktowik, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887); St. Michael (Turner 1886); St. Michael and Cape Lisburne (Bean 1882); Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885); Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). Fic. 126.—Boreogadus saida (Lepechin). 257. Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas). Alaska Pollock. An abundant and widely distributed species. Examples were collected or seen as follows: One specimen (no. 02899), 12 inches long, from station 4250; one (no. 02892), 11 inches long, from station 4246 (dorsal 14-16-18; anal 21-19); eight, 5.75 to 7 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage; one (no. 02918), 10.5 inches long, from Skagway; one (no. 03002), 9.5 inches long, from station 4292; one, 8 inches long, from station 4296; twenty, 2.5 to 3 inches long, from station 4212; a few seen at Karluk and 2 at Shakan; 4 (20, 24, 24, and 24.5 inches long, weight 1, 2, 2.5, and 2.5 pounds) taken on a hook at Sand Point; 12 (average length 22.5 inches, average weight 2.75 pounds) taken over the rail Fic. 127.Theragra chaleogramma (Pallas). with hand line at Fox Harbor. Others were taken or seen at the Chilkoot cannery, Cleveland Passage, Skagway (where many were taken on hook and line); Dundas Bay (several in salmon trap); Pavlof Harbor; Unalaska; Chignik Bay; Sitkoh Bay; Loring; Litnik Bay; and stations 2844, 2864, 3781 (off Kamchatka), 4246, 4250, and 4255; and a specimen 6.5 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, August 7, 1906. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 847 The following table exhibits the variation in the dorsal and anal rays: DorRsAL AND ANAL FIN COUNTS IN SPECIMENS OF THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA. No. Locality. Length. | Dorsal. Inches. QOISs ES KAS Wave weermcnei te ohana sane a eee 10. 00 12-15-18 SOUOZF Pua LOAD OD ie Piece. ees oe enna ee See ae 9. 50 12-14-19 SPaOMtAZI GE ke ee ne ee 25 14-16-18 StatromeAaZbOeearae te wee pee ee ole 12.00 13-13-19 ROLE KO oN CAE Ae el Bi ote ead ee ee 8. 00 13-16-18 Cleveland#iassagen es nh.2 26) aoe ens c tse 7.00 12-14-16 Oe ClO iy oN aS Sa See Ane eo he ee ae ete 5..50 12-13-16 See COR emia ee sen oe me neces eee ass ct cine 6. 25 13-15-15 Be ee Oe aR ae cei ia ieiegaoete 6 tt cielo aes ae wee 6. 00 13-13-18 pegs O acetone egrets ric merece a tre Sony cia etal 6. 00 12-14-18 TA Oyecax oie a taiaief ers a(n he cis ere sane sie sreise ante se 5. 75 11-15-16 BE Ores rls wists carpiaie hoo bee tae seseae Saeed 2 5. 75 12-15-16 The species has been previously recorded (Bean 1882) as Pollachwus chalcogrammus from Chuga- chik Bay and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Pirate Cove and Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Iliuliuk; Chernofski; Unalaska; and Wrangell. Under the same name by Gilbert (1895), from Captains Harbor, Unalaska, and at many stations in the shallow water of Bristol Bay and around the Aleutian Islands. Unalaska and St. Paul and St. George islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899), 258. Theragra fucensis (Jordan & Gilbert). This species has not heretofore been recorded from Alaskan waters, though Scofield and Seale took in Chignik Bay a specimen which seems as near 7. fucensis as T. chalcogrammus. It is very probable that the 2 species intergrade, the northern specimens representing what is now known as TI’. chalco- grammus, and the southern T. fucensis. If this is so, the name T. chalcogrammus should be retained for both. Our collection contains but a single example, no. 08122, a specimen 10 inches long taken at Loring by the Albatross in 1905. Fic. 128.—Eleginus navaga (K6lreuter). 259. Eleginus navaga (Kolreuter). This codfish is common and at places abundant along the entire Alaskan coast. It is represented in our collections by specimens from various localities extending from Puget Sound to the Alaskan peninsula and across to Kamchatka. Forty-eight specimens, from 1.5 to 13 inches long, are in the collec- tion from the following places: Admiralty Island; Port Alexander; Litnik Bay; Karluk; Uyak Bay; Unalaska; Petropaulovsk, and Tareinski Harbor in Kamchatka, and stations 4202, 4213, 4218 to 4220, 4268, 4271, 4272, 4275, 4277, 4278. The usual descriptions of Eleginus navaga and Microgadus proximus refer to the same characters so seldom, except in features in which they happen to be alike, that from these characters it is impossible to compare the species, and the only way given to separate them is by dissection and a comparison of the transverse processes of the vertebrae. We find that the following comparisons are helpful, and that the species may be separated by their use: In proximus the first dorsal has 14 rays. 348 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. In navaga the first dorsal has 13 rays. In proxvimus first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.5 in head. In navaga first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.15 in head. In provimus the barbel is longer than pupil. - In navaga the barbel is equal to or less than pupil. E. navaga has been recorded (Bean, 1882, as Tilesia gracilis) from Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; St. Michael. Port Clarence, Golwin Bay (Townsend 1887) as Plewrogadus navaga. St. Michael (Nelson 1887). St. Michael and Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield, 1899). 260. Microgadus proximus (Girard). This species was not found to be abundant, but was taken at various places from Seattle to Unalaska. Sixty-four specimens 1.25 to 10.5 inches long were secured from station 2869; Seattle; Cordova Bay; Chasina Anchorage; Cleveland Passage; Hunter Bay; Litnik Bay; Karluk, and Unalaska. It was recorded from Yakutat Bay by Bean (1882). Fic. 129.—Microgadus proximus (Girard). 261. Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. Alaska Cod. We have in our collection 25 specimens 3.75 to 18 inches long taken by the Albatross at various times from 1894 to 1900 at the following places: Stations 3462 and 3600; Killisnoo; Ikatan Bay; Morz- hovoi and Petropaulovsk. ; This species was one of the common fishes taken with hook and line, chiefly over the rail of the ship, and at many stations. At Litnik Bay 9 were taken in this manner, average weight 5% pounds, average length 253 inches; at Alitak Bay, 2, weighing 6 and 7 pounds and having a length of 23 and 26.5 inches, respectively; at Chignik Bay, 7, weighing from 7 to 14 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging from 26 to 33 inches, average length 28.64 inches; at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, 7, weighing from 5 to 10 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging from 26 to 34.5 inches, average length 30.35; at Fox Harbor, 12, average length 27.33 inches and average weight 8 pounds; at Uyak Bay, 12, weighing from 6 to 15 pounds, total weight 106 pounds, average 82 pounds, length ranging from 25 to 36 inches, average length 29.5 inches. Many were seen swimming about under the slaughterhouse, where several were gaffed. At Fox Bay several young were caught in a dipnet over the rail. These small ones often seek protection, and perhaps food also. under jelly fishes. We have no record of any large examples of this cod from the Pacific, where it perhaps does not reach a weight exceeding 15 or 20 pounds. It reaches a much larger size in the Atlantic. The Gloucester Times of February 1, 1907, records the capture by Mr. Thomas Jesso at Little Bras d’or (Cape Breton) of a codfish 6 feet 4 inches long, weighing 142 pounds, and states that this is one of the largest ever caught. He states, however, that he has seen whole boat loads ranging from 30 to 80 pounds. The average of those brought to Gloucester probably does not exceed 15 pounds. Recorded by Bean (1882) as Gadus morrhua from Sitka; Old Sitka; off Marmot Island; St. Paul, Kodiak; Popoff Strait; Belkofski; [liuliuk; Chernofski; Unalaska; St. Paul Island; Kygani Straits. Turner (1886), Shumagin Islands; Cook Inlet; throughout the Aleutian Islands. Gilbert (1895), Bering Sea at stations 3224, 3226, 3285, 3291, and 3301. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Karluk; Belkofski; Unga; Unalaska; St. Paul and St. George. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay. THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 349 262. Antimora microlepis Bean. The collection contains a single example, no. 1315, 21 inches long, taken by the Albatross in Ber- ing Sea, 1895. The species was recorded from stations 3330 and 3331, Bering Sea, by Gilbert, 1895. 263. Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Ling. Said to be common in Lake Bennett, Tagish Arm, Lake Atlin, and probably in all suitable waters in the Yukon basin. Two specimens were secured in Lake Bennett in July, 1903, one 4.5 inches long taken along shore and the other 25 inches long in a gill net set at the bottom of the lake. Recorded by Murdoch (1885) from Meade and Kuahru rivers. Nelson (1887) Nulato; Fort Reliance; Andreafski, Yukon River; Kotlik. Turner (1886), Yukon River. . Gilbert (1895), Nushagak. Fig. 130.—Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Family 50. MACROURIDZ. 264. Albatrossia pectoralis (Gilbert). Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 265. Bogoslovius clarki (Jordan & Gilbert). (Pl. xxm.) Originally described from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). 266. Bogoslovius firmisquamis (Gill & Townsend). We have a single specimen 21.5 inches long from Albatross station 3274, Bering Sea, June 27, 1890. 267. Chalinura serrula (Bean). Originally described by Bean (1891) from east of Prince of Wales Island, Albatross station 2859. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 350 268. Macrourus acrolepis (Bean). The collection contains 2 specimens, nos. 2601 and 2599, 5 and 8 inches long, dredged at station Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & 784, north of Aleutian Islands, 1900. Gilbert 1899). Fic. 131.—Macrourus acrolepis (Bean). 269. Macrourus cinereus (Gilbert). We have 4 specimens, 7.5 to 17.5 inches long, dredged in 660 fathoms at station 3634, in Bering Sea, July 7, 1896, and one specimen, no. 2959, 17 inches long, dredged at station 4267, off Cape Edge- cumbe, 1903. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3307 and 3329; and (Jordan & Gilbert 1899) off Bogoslof Isl 7 has been recorded from station 3634 Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert). Fig. 132.— The Flounders. 270. Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert). , 6 to 28 inches long, are in the collection from Attu Island, and Bering Sea EURONECTID. Family 51. PL Seven specimens (August 10, 1895) and stations 3789, 4223, 4283. Others were seen or collected at Boca de Quadra; Behm Canal; Loring; in trap at Dundas Bay; and at stations 4231 and 4272; and one, 28 inches long, in very bad Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. PLATE XXII. TYPE. BOGOSLOVIUS CLARKI JORDAN & GILBERT. THE FISHES OF ALASKA, soy i condition, was collected at station 3608, Bering Sea. This large specimen differs from current descrip- tions in having the teeth not conspicuously arrow-shaped (a few are faintly so), and in having the inter- orbital broad, 2 in eye, and not ridged. It gives the following measurements: Head 3.3 in length; depth 2.8; eye 5.1 in head; snout 3.6; maxillary 1.6; mandible 1.5; pectorals 2.5; caudal lunate, its length 1.65; dorsal 110; anal 86; gillrakers 3++-11, roughish, strong, broad, and short, longest about 3 in eye; scales smooth to the touch, not firmly attached; head, premaxillary and mandible scaled. This species has been recorded (Bean, 1882) from Port Etches, off Afognak; off Popoff Island, Shumagins, Bean (1884), Wrangell and Naha Bay. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Unalaska. Scofield (1899), Unga and Karluk, and Chignik Bay. Fig. 133.—Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzus). 271. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzus). Halibut. Halibut were often seen and were often taken with hook and line in various places. No specimens were saved, but numerous examples were measured and weighed. The following table gives the results and the important data concerning the examples: Locality. | Length. | Width. | Weight. | Locality. Length. | Width. | Weight. Inches. | Inches. | Pounds. | Inches Inches. | Pounds. Headioriartasb ayn acess: CAEL UE IR eee ee OA 5s ROMISMO Owes see scm- Soo Se bac 32. 5 | 10: 5 14.0 Cleveland Passage......-.-.-.- 58.0 18.00 | 78.0 | iD) ORG ene mee ae ee ad 55.0 | 19.00 75.0 DORE ee Se ea es 5 Do ae 41.0 12.50 SOL OM Sib KOlMEy ayer ease ose Steen 295 Ob eons see 9.5 DORR oe eRe eae ae ee 32.0 9.50 15.6 | Ober sae se Bog te ee SUSObILe ee 10.5 HD) On ean Se ee one b 28.0 9.00 1O2Onl pWoxselarborse-.2-< 5525-25525 S150) 8.50 8.5 Lb Yok ys Sorciabe ty Ty Sema ies 27.0 9.00 8.0 iD Cee ae aoe e eee mera 33.0 16.00 10.5 I DXG gt ees See eee eee 30.5 9.75 11.0 IDO Se ube ee ae ee eee 30.5 10.00 9.0 PUN GAS HD Aye eee ee ao eee 68.0 16.00 120.0 LD eS ir Se a eae ee oe Se 24.5 6.00 1S DOSS Pe foe es We oe oes 33.0 9.00 ATOR li kaees~ wae eae ee FS ee 20.0 7.00 4.5 Dee ae ae ee eo = 31.0 9.25 15250) | Porte Mie Arp hire. sss = oa = 51.0 17.00 60.0 LDCs Bee ae ee a een 29.0 9.00 10.0 | 1D XO ee ae ee Sane [eee Lees (€) TD YC) idl ie ep 24.0 5.00 Mee |S lvailcarne = Saag see poe eee 11.0 | 6.00 8.0 iPaviok Bay sates te se see ae ¢ 27.0 9.00 9.0 | PD) Ones ee te BRE Tos 36.0 | 13.00 16.0 GUS AGO AS Sa ee ae 25.0 8.00 6.0 1D Oe Re ee ee See 27.0 11.00 8.0 AD Oise se | ee ees oe 23.5 7.50 DLO et eUOLINe ee Ohare. okt Senet es 36.0 16.00 20.0 MD) One ee re Le 1 ee a 20.0 6. 50 3-0 | HY GRAM eee et RN 3 38.0 17.00 22.0 LD Oe aas s a ceaeeae e OL 23-0 7.75 Fad | a In the stomach of the 155-pound example were found Cancer antennarius, fragments of clam shells, backbone ofa fish and a large stone with partly digested barnacles on it. The brain with part of the skull of this example was saved; the brain was very small, no larger than 4 peas. 6 The stomach of another example (from Cleveland Passage) contained 2 pollocks ( Theragra chalcogramma) , 2 anemones, and alot ofgravel. Another (Pavlof Bay) had a Ceratocottus dicerausinitsstomach. Onecaught at Killisnoo (the 75-pound example) had about 6 large crabs in its stomach, and another from the same place contained a Ceratocottus diceraus. ceStomach contained head of an Enophrys bison. d Six large crabs in stomach. e About 200. In addition to the examples caught a few were seen swimming about at Uyak. Mr. John N. Cobb reports having seen and helped weigh at Juneau in the summer of 1904 a 365-pound halibut. 352 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The halibut has been recorded (Bean 1880) from Port Althorp; Chugachik, Cook Inlet; off Marmot Island, and St. Paul, Kodiak. Bean (1882), Unalaska; St. Michael and Sitka as Hippoglossus vulgaris. Gilbert (1895), from all the Cod Banks and at stations 3218, 3230, 3238, and 3239. Turner (1886), St. Michael and Attu as Hippoglossus vulgaris. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), St. Paul, Unga, Unalaska, and Karluk. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay. 272. Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert). The collection contains 48 specimens 2.5 to 9.25 inches long, collected at-stations 2870, 4191, 4194, 4197, 4223, 4226, and near Seattle. It was also seen or taken at stations 4219, 4223, 4233, 4243, 4250. All of these stations are off southeastern Alaska or British Columbia. The species was not seen north of Wrangell. 273. Eopsetta jordani (Lockington). The collection contains two examples, no. 2097, a specimen 19 inches long collected at hydrographic station 3373 off Alaska, 1893, N. 54° 51’, W. 164°, 27’; and no. 2106, a specimen 16.5 inches long collected off Cape Flattery, no date. The species is recorded from Unalaska (Townsend 1887) as Hippoglossoides jordant. 274. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert. We have 91 specimens varying from 2 to 15 inches in length and dredged at the following stations: 2870, 3460, 3600, 4214, 4215, 4218 to 4220, 4223, 4226, 4234, 4243, 4254, 4255, 4268 to 4272, 4274, 4275, 4278. 4280, 4281 to 4283, 4285 to 4288, 4292, 4295, and 4296. These stations extend from off Port Townsend (4214) to Bering Sea. Fig. 134.—Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert. h The species was also seen at stations 4224, 4233, 4242, 4248, 4249, 4250, and 4256. The following is a color note on a specimen dredged at station 4244: Light rusty or grayish, with a few blackish blotches, 1 at base of caudal peduncle plainest; fins light, much blotched with black; anal 65. The young are much slenderer than large examples; one specimen 3.25 inches long had a depth of 3.75 inlength. This species has the nostril in a somewhat conspicuous tube. Inaspecimen from station 4223 the scales are smooth, not rough on middle of eyed side. In this character there seem to be consid- erable differences, though not any constant enough to make different species. H. classodon has also been recorded (Bean 1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shu- magins; Hiuliuk; Unalaska; and St. Michael. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), off Karluk. , 3538 THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 275. Psettichthys melanostictus Girard. hes long, collected off Cape Flattery, at Seattle Inc schyra (Jordan & Gilbert) ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert). Fig. 136.—Inopsetta i 277. Inopsetta 278. Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington). B. B. F. 1906—23 tains 7 specimens, 6.25 to 15 The collection con “~ @O in OH Oa so ooo 28 = OLE ae es age ie AY» 8 von ess a o § Sh S10 : © BSe aos Doar o 2 = Ss a8 s nO D BC OU en toe e oS = Pow 5 4 Hel (aby eb) or a SG AS » Hoy eel fe @ Sr SEDs =a Soe ae6 Fosad oe ore (S) a plage ems gee TP fe] =| Sl 5 iSite OUENGs\ Glos Abo Shad ise ae pone: ea 4 ag hb S Sa OS : ES Ss Say 2 Gg i Ost pel fe (Gas a a aS So Ss los} ma 2 — Gb) =| ef No) Ores Sg aig carey ct ey an 3 OS o.8> . og Bes a = ds a Ceca ree 2 Oo yA ele) aie o »Y ort Ora a el he a eo eo g iA fall — = a 3 ro} Loy io) 5) Sed auge my geen 3 Hit, 5) SHR eee ee Cn eo © 6 gc & eqg—- | Se Sealine ay Seabee a im CO 6 = 2 se iS El 6 ee Se Olas) Serohiate. See e ae rel sialic die ja cere cbsel Gs » Oo ® 3 a ES Sua5 5 6 ofan | a ES rg te Cioa CS Shroho- © : Bees OR Cd 4O" oe Da & ao Ay i isco Se ae eS oO — © 5 mee ae ae g ee | S| LS (22) = oF 6 aD O Seen aal SP a ee Se eee rH oO oO We) aoe ke " BS a qt we Srmat se FES a & ICSE SN eee oa ee, 88 g ° Seaagseaed a ecita NC ay, See aap es eee moet ages as | aM gai Beers 4 (© os, a treet Sch by) S) 2) ~~ on Beppe | ard eo By ‘s Ze ie Ore a Ore = eee Bs gs o ne Sot og se eS Bal aspi@aiaee teale SP ite. ) y PLATE XXV BU Sie Bre) SOG ~ Kapa? ey: > Rais Rane yang efewies 1iNpYy NOWIVS WOVadWNH iS an A BN ae ine At ke ra uh A. HOEN & CO,, LITH. whl os BUS Urns. Ss ei 1} SHOKS) PLATE XXVI HUMPBACK SALMON A. HOEN & CO., LITH. Breeding female i ri: PLATE XXVII BUEED USS. BF. 1906 Sa Gece SRS bY es ieee ° «i if (i if =i ‘ \ A ejew Suipssig NOW IVS DOG A. HOEN & CO.,, LITH. PLATE XXVIII BULLY U.S: B: Fs. 1906 e/eWe} BSuipesig NOW IVS DOG A. HOEN & CO., LITH. 14 3 PLATE XXIX BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 i es Slates _ ajew ynpy NOWIVS YHOONIHO A. HOEN & CO., LITH. ry - v % . > - » he =a - ~ AS = - © , f . “ ‘ A - é . a 3 P * 4 a 7. ats i vf o Z . . ui a . BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 PLATE XXX COS S362 ¥: LPaLo COP LIPS IAG IG peaks ees Serene ea ar! CHINOOK SALMON HOEN & CO., LITH. Adult Female oe re ‘ te, = ete i - batt | t - - = ss po¢. oe - al z - af : ye : / r oe ‘ a. ’ * f > » + S ‘ ? " ' Af , ' x BUI US Seb. Reel oOG PLATE XXX] SILVER OR COHO SALMON A. HOEN & CO., LITH. Adult male PLATE XXxXIil SAUILICS (Ih Sia 1s [es al SIONS) gjew suipeelg NOWIVS OHOOD YO UYSATIS A, HOEN & CO., LITH. PLATE XXxXIil BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 wn / a ‘ 4 i (( s eyew iNpy NOW1VS Gay m8, Gt) LAL Y A. HOEN & CO., LITH. ‘| PLATE XXXIV BULL. U. S. B. F. 1906 e/eW BSuipselg NOW TVS G3uy A. HOEN & CO., LITH a Be € » ’ = if 5 H x 3 = , s n R « Bs , , Per - ~ j 2 ‘ " , . 1 t . % 1 ’ * - = * \~s f < “ PLATE XXXV BUBESUS Sabb 906 ejewas ynpy NOWTVS G3u a € CL a ee A. HOEN & CO., LITH. PLATE XXXVI BULL. Ui S..B._ Fs 1906 ayewias Suipesig NOW IVS G4u LITH. A. HOEN & CO., wy ‘ i PLATE XXXVII BWWNEIES Wh SilE leq EROS, ny xk . Re ejewa} npy INOUL LYOYHLLND YXSVTY LITH. A. HOEN & CO., Fi - t % $V a PLATE XXXVIII BU Be Uke Se Suen 206 Bis be eng We Case. ALS ENO SEE GV alse A. HOEN & CO., LITH. i PLATE XXXIX BULE U.S: B. F. 1906 _ eyeWes yjNpY LNOYUL MOENIVE VASV IV A. HOEN & CO,, LITH. REA Exe BUEES USS. Bask. 1 906 ayewe ijNpy LNOUL NAGHYVA A1100 aE ea A me A. HOEN & CO., LITH. BUEED U. TS. By. 1906 BEATE xsl ALASKA GRAYLING A. HOEN & CO., LITH. BUEES UN SB: F. 1906 PLATE XLII A. HOEN & CO., LITH. RED ROCKFISH . - ‘ i « - ¢ oI - , 8 i ' ¢ INDEX. Names of new species are printed in bold-face type, synonyms in italics. Page. UO NIS SUC OVA MGA Ny tes) Were ian Cece Mey, 31 wrens ale aaalaemelg eoe 328 SU AG ON USM janie aut Mes ce ep ee Moers). 328 ansboralaiten ol ina Olino aes ee ee ee ee 334 DAU, VASTONCIOONOHONCES on hes sbcacessabcasecces len 330 IS AUTO AAOMULIS IAN AAAGONAANS 55 ee Gee aennosaeebeescolsboce 329 OBITS. ISUISIMOLOMBACOUIS 5 445 ogeadeecscsoceemesnane 231 IBeh ool yEVeAOlS) KOSS Soe AM otaec cee k gcse cag aaeesee 270 JROMOVIVISICT: FOMOUUDD sos a by2dauesueseseseekss soocweaaee 334 ST STTT ANE UIS Sate ics We ie epee alaeu a es ion 334 Berrian asverides eae. foe ho eee ON.) 334 IBen ta OOONCNG On. Quem taaleae ner oHee tone coats eae eee ee 335 cara ear eA ON) SUE Beare nn Ss ote Se ee eye thou oe 301 Jclidimeny CObbUGR ee eee. Bea ee rie oe dae 309 IBYEDE ONO S cat eco ts eh oer Se eat eee ei Cho ee 275 Hon Oastal Sole US ea ret et Ne te ees rs ee ee ha ey 300 BiedCalitormilay Sheaves creer ae ee ee eee ae 229 illimentayWwepidopsetia a sees =. eee] eae aes sae 354 OMOCWS;, ISUCTSIUS Sek Soto sy eeU aac mane asa escets ae 324 JEUISTHOCO UO Bee Biame ace men eens ka ee ear 324 binoculara vay cee ts ses Se ewe eer Ee ie Bere eels 229 Iv Hewmagrammaes 57067. <= 5 Soe OE ee Hippogiossoides elassodon -_- .....--..----------+-+----- SOT, 6 Se el Hippogiossus hipporiossis .. -..._ -.-2-.-=---=---<--.-- ef Spe EEE SN SI ck eM ey LTE LS hippoglossus, Hippoglossus- - ---- eee eee t= Ve Se Histiobranchas hathybims . - .. ..-.--_-=_2----.-=2-2=--- HisGocottus bilobus -- --_.-...--..--- Re ee holamelas”Pamraliparis. .. .-~ 2. --- =e ee ee hudtonius Caiosiomms... .-......:----* ee humilis, Gallas 22.2 -222-50. <2. 2 a eee Humpback salmom.- © 2.5... 5.25042. 2 Spee SS Hydrolagus colltei.~ <--->: -_. 2... eee eee Hypomesus ollidtus. - . 025200 222252 te Se Press Ses ek ee eee Hypsagonus quadncomis- ._._-...-..-+.--.-.5.----... iecimuns bortalas.. (08 38 2 eee isclepis, Isaperiia.-- 2. 20 552525 Gs ae eee Tsopseiis: ealeges. ose ee ee mee jaok Myoxocephalas.~ . 2222.5 sce eee japonicus, Anctoseopmis-_—_ = -.-—2--2-- 25-255 - jordani, Bathhymaster.. ..._- =. 2-22-25 sse 5 eee geuvdonts, Hgurodlers 52st eee Sa kenmeotn, Corsmomms. 00 2.0 a ee eee Kennicott’s whitefish --_-.----...-- genre ee. 2 lagocephalus, Hexagrammos.---_-----..--=--.---------- [Pn ee i ee ere Bee neem INDEX. < Page. Page. 293 | Leptocottus anmatas...--_.-.-....---2.. 2222222. 320 294 | leptorhynchms, Sarritor.___._._-..__.___._-_.______.._- 329 295 | leptarus, Anarhichas._...........2_- 4.22.02. o252 25. 3422 234 | Lethrotremus mutiens....._2..-- ee 331 352 | lencopsarum, Nannobrachium._______._.___.__________ 270 3o2 | Leuroglossus siilbims...-- - --..-_ 2 2-5 fee a 2 270 aol | famamia aspers ... 22 2+ 95. 5 eee 554 saz | prohosendes <0 6.252 eee 355 Seek) > Ean oe oe oe a ee ee 349 2a) |: Taopmettea pleetalin - oy | oo- - 0 ae ee ee 356 aod): Eapempeledee: 6922 8s We UE ot Ce a ee ee ee 331 oo4 | Lagaives appabedegi- 20) 2-5 2.2 eee ee 333 231 cnn. 222 2222 es ee 332 312 Eymlopun <= 8 8 ee eee 332 236 | eyeloniagamal ee 333 230 | PL ee (| ete Se eee epee eats ta ol RDN 3a2 270 | ag = i Cn ere Meee Mea Mums tee Te 333 269 Ineerecheiinegss 508 oo 08. 3 ee 333 327 pnigheline: 20 22 Ps Sa he ee eee 333 208 | Jonparestrus,. Lusmmpemis. -o.- = 02.) oo ee 34) 297 | longirostram, Catostomus ___-_--........-.----.-22 2222. 231 28) pp onineed pier’ =< 3 = 2 Se ea ere 231 cana) > Saget: renin 2 22 ot ee ee ee eee 303 a} eta moamilasa¢ oe ee ee ee 349 a | yucasi, Ceratocolims ._.._----_.----2--2205---2-2--5-- 305 a0 | lucidus, Argyrosomus--___.-....-------.=.----.5_1 235 00} Anes, Kens. 22.2) Fe ee eee 273 300 | lugubris, Melamphaes ._- ~~~. --..--...----.------------- Zia 236 | Plorinwmniis 2s 22 oe eee 275 S30): | Gantnp samples ©" 7 6s ns eee eee 330 353 | Lamipenis anpuillariss:= 22 2.1202 eS ee 340 286 EF oc | eee Meee He Hip ae See Soak ce Se 340 260 lonpirasiras =. 2° > Sa eee ee 340 303 MmsGka yi: ose eee eee 340 353 WYMCMT NIMS 2s ee ee 339 ans | Lyaisens Crotalinees” |. 2.20215. ee ee 322 aos | Jyoodalepis tammens 20> 5. Sos. =o ae ee 344 al!) “Legpedapodsdiae 7 =. oe ent ee 345 aco. ayeodageas extenmms. 22020062252: oo eae 345 334 fiewanier. 2200 cog See eo Rt eee Se ee eee 345 352 PATVICCDS 22~ ¢ 2c2 ee ee 345 203.) iayeniios brevipes 222. 22a ee eee 343 352 CO CERREME § 20 BIS Tee Rae aa Saar a es ee 344 334 Gqnemoer? = 2-23 ee ee Sh 343 (HOTETES - SS 3s oe ee ee 34: 234 dipita ten ee a ee eee ees 32 234 GORMAN: Son a oe cee es ee nee 242 palears 225222205 re ee 342,343 244 PTMOTE She ee ee ee 344 259 | Dycodopesis crotammus.- .— --..--=252.------.2-2 422 2- 32 295 pectin. - 2 3S lo eee eee 32 263 | (yeonectes aleutensis -_- ~~... =. -.-------2---+- 2-2-4. -=« 34] 270) Layopaebia Gx soo. So sob a 352 227 | Macdonaldia challenperi..---_-.---.-.---.-_-----.---1..: 271 224 | macellus, Prionistaus _. =... - -...-.--_..---+.---44-24-- 302 221 | mackayi, Lanupemus-..-..-.--:----+----.--.-2-.- 340 278 | mackensi, Stenodus .--..-_-.---+-2--.-.-- 2225-3 ks 236 a15'|: Mackerel: Atha. 222% . 22. ose sen ee ee ee 230 330 | macouni, Chanliodus-..--__-...-......-------1-..----.._. 2a1 298 | macrocephalus, Gadus -___..._-_.._-_.._--_--+_4.------ 348 206' | Maprouvaiise >. boo 20s 2 2 ee ee eee 349 275 | Marrounis actolegs: .- ~~ .222- 253-32 -3-2 eeee 3350 235 Ginexes = 5 oe 0 8 oe eee 350 235 | maculatus, Leptoclinus-- -...---..--2--_------+-------- 339 245 | mactions, Lote. 2. . 2202 -6.5< cic. aces eee ee 3439 354 | maculosas, Oligoeottus. _..___....-.---2.2-----.+.-.--- 320 340 | mzandricus, Caulamehus--........---..-.-.--.---..--- 336 239 | Malacocottus zosmus:~ 22. ~..--. 2-2-5 --2- eee 316 INDEX. V Page. Page. maliger, Sebastichthys......c.¢ Daccin Dee Re mee eaiece ate 289 | enierocinevus SeWAStOGES: 2... e206 oo eds cee nc cee tee 289 SE Das HOGese aes. ciara Saisie inlceumeisicec cetiewpaciea's ASeral MORE MERMYSICKON secs. Jado shir Seis. ose s ogee oe cees Ss 231 Manito GUsiaallOSU Se cioe owieninae eens nm oa ecnsniicieninescalaa Maron RINT CUA Cen On| ae me ee a ee 271 DTN Ae a Ve LTA eee eerain ee ervare ereierieieral etc le Uemura Odell INOLOGRMMUNVES NOTITOCKUS. oe oad ce se ote clad aces ce ceeee 341 TITAN OMA Ay MLC: acl, Sei ieee ee Srarete ee tewte Siena eisterateroe S2IM | MOLOS PL OUUS WALCO IU Siaeterars te oo = os oe es Seneca dee 298 MAT MOLAGUS, eM LE PLELUSE .o-eceee scien cca csateen LOLO || MUOUAS, WC DCOOLENNIUS — =. 6 0c. cee- cee Sates tec ecdeae 340 OREO OS aN GUE A ODUONAS Os Bacino SHE BCAD ER MOCOGE DORE DO SHOOE oli he © CCAnMOCeCACURO NSS 5.4 rac teicn aon cals aaa eee ee 328 NEAL COM USUI RR see octeee eich cielara ein aiziseye gee ens S414e OCela bus, OPIsvMOCeMbtUS 4-4 20-ss2.5..2--5 25 7020S -Se aoe 339 MediTOStris wACIMENSOte aos clos Se see acces Neweeeceeeaee Zain || OCLOSTAmMMUS exAeTAMMOS... 05. cheeses lee el ee 293 mMediis. uM pPEMUSH > SSS ck eo we asia wtosliesloceic ew nce Sao | OCULOSO SCALES, NOUMMONUNYS= + 22-55-2250 ee ceee es lak 325 Mecalocotttisiatice ps: san. sane seems emis ewes 345 THACULOSUSE At ee See eae eee ate See ee 320 Mellegesap ap Ullor sare cee foc Fo tee of Soe me cae cea oeeeets Sls") Oncocottis NEXACOLMIS: 9: .oeeS loses deet Seeds 0 seee 317 MIEKA COLEEOMUS se aU cesar Sces Sas Smear mie eerste 235 GUMAIGERT COMMIS eerie ie ane ee en er. eo et 317 Meri C Elda a se Bee Ske Oe, Wickets Sisals Sniaae eticee an eeecee Sdn OncOrhvme hts) Son OUSC Maj == saat cs see oe 236 Menlucciis pnoducbusees: x-< sens cece eeereece ese saseee 345 LEGER ETE Speen Ebene s RRS Er JE SR 242 MUGTOCE DNAS G ASECTOSICUS: ace ashing ce ceisiee claeleistea cieeee 273 DESTUS ROT S(O) age Sa a SS CaS el Ps ar mg 249 SOM! OSUS He wee sre = So Re Ree at eee eeare 228 LOKSU AC yee, Ae aire ne Palin SUNS ec. WR EE a Rear 252 MmNcrodons Cyclotwmone.s205. 24 cecieeee emcees cee nee ne 271 usclawnaybsChap ss Sees ere en a ae 244 MICrO SACUISTONORUIMUISE oo aos < Soe ence eeloec mise eee SA o45n| AOPMIOdONelOnNSAvUS .-. sek eas homme eta ds Bock cee 295 IMICTOLEMISHPATNGLIMO PA 5. Nec se eer relo de BeOS EE Se a194| Opisthocentrus-ocellatus: .0.-. 22-22... ~~. ot Sones 2 339 ANUCTOSCOMGMORGNIOUD, src= a2 isn cise sisealoaekies sees os JOSm le Oranose-redenockeisie es see paren Sh yee es 8 boa 287 IMC nO Storie re ee eee keh seek cs Shee el Sc elem etaree ie ee oe Oe Ps OMAN SOMO C Klis hse Wo es oo ie Ee ek eo akon 284 MicrostomiuUspaciiCuseca. “9 -csccnseccsce reece cnate ce Solel LOLOIS, aE IMI CHOLUCMMUS i. i5= ee ges ae one ee see 3 , 330 Minytremius, Gytimichbthiy S22 2552 scenes -cieeccccese sec 334 | ordinatus, Heragrammos.......--.------+---+--+e-+++-+ 293 mitabiliss Cryscallrehthys* tas! Sesame sect esc ac Soom POMIULUS HMMA CMIOUCES ic = So. ee ese Ss eo bee sy 338 mollis B OGMTOCA LAr wee scwe ok emcees cioeneiens were ricrele 344 IBN ONIS Reet rs Sse aa ee ape eee = ys 338 monopteryeius, Pleurosrammus..-.:3-2-.2.sss.+----0- 2002 OSmenusrallisarOSSis <7. 65 00 Sos cme) Aotee eeeee se 4 ais 269 TonVOneid NOY, (CBKONUIS) 9S ks Sao Te CEPR EONS ea Ud aT 348 CLEC peepee ee Syarercte = ee SOMME ALS St 269 MANIC OSTMTs Oe lOM setae aes ae eee yee ee 339 GirailerehiphiyS eos ence sya eee oo ae aie 268 AU COSUS PXCUDINISTES =e acne ole TIRE Mere See enor te eae Stee 39 POSstembuUIme. CAaLephOCuUSin- sc, 425.5 etme: - 2-24 /se 333 MURLOCS, COMWGROGUSLET eine ene lo eee eae eee oe Solel OD COMUSHOUCUIICCDS aoc ese aeloe see ce 4 Ree a So oe ee eae 269 PLpNO VIS NAUUISCHS Ss =o 2s ee 325 Poeily puuhead - 3 lee coe ee ee eee eee 306 Priqnisiigs macenus 2222-22) bk eo fh Sep eee eee 302 proposcides, timanda ss =o) eee ee ee Pee = 355 profundorum, Acanthocottus.......2-.22222 222222222. -- 315 ZG@SUIGCELAS : 222222 2S Seen oe ee ee oe 315 PRIPRETES Cy pscluris: 2." 2.5. 222 Se ee 300 prosumihs, Mieropamoss 2500000 C29 ee ees 347,348 Psettichthys melanostictus.................--- aoe git <8 353 Payearolutes paradoxus >: (2202-2. eco ee 326 ZOOTGE esse Se Nees See one ree 326 Pastichth yide: |. 2: eb Ue eee eee eee 342 Peieniliys GOOdEL 3 2 os 2 be, ee eee 342 pueeteuss, Chitonotus. 22 2.5 525585: ge ee ears 296 phichellus, Linaris.- 2202.2 ooo oe Bee eee 333 punetabus, Slichwus: =: . 22.452. 52- stot eee ie 341 Peepiaus, Pyeasteus.. 22. oS. leeks Si Sori eee ee 273 brachypoda, Pygostews .- 2-2-2222. 8-222 273 parpuiatis, aliio .-< Je ccc252c32 ses 2a ce ee 258 pusdin, Bovirecarn. - <2 ace sh 562s tees ee 344 Mayne: eee? aS oe tae be ee ee eee 344 PUsHInS (ATE yTOSUNIUSs 2 222i tae se peices soe eee 235 P¥ZOstens puisiis 2222 555-3 See eee ce 273 pungitius brachypod@ .....-.222222+.2-2.22 273 QUEAGTICOTINS, COUNG 252 255 S255 525 cry es ee 317 El ypssPonuss: 2. 222i sees eee 327 GREGCOTT HS: 2 25 o'k 2s) ae eae ee 317 Gwadrililis; Porocobtus:: 22225555. Ae ee eee 317 quadrilateralis, Coregonus. ..................-.-----2.- , 234 quadrituberculatus, Pleuronectes...................... 355 MSGS: 3255s ee seins es es tee ee ee 342 Pins, Sal: 5. ko ob as aoe panies ees eee 244 Badelinds appre: oo. se cose sh ee eee 301 INDEX. Rainbow t0mt 7 too oS Gas Wee s 3. 5s nee Raja abyssicolac 22 -o%.22- 22 =. eee! A wee aBAGR) Sos Dee eR in tela ieee Se ae [ose ste esti F-) 7: Reiners lagen yagi MORE ae. ad daha ae COO PONG SE Se SS SR ee ee CRG Tae, Oe PREMETe ht 2k os a a ee Rasirinus Scibisers_ ice) eee ee See ee ees dBi Csi 6 5 pet aa pie Raat CU deng ace! The eee Rays aad skates y: 23 ee ce ee Red aOck code .# 468 ly OSs a oe kee ee ee Ram phOcochidey 24.2522 5555208 aes ee eee ee Riaanphocottus ncwardsoat 19. 22. sae eee The Bea jGs fo Cees a ee Se en Rhinoliparis Dbarbuliier 26. ee eee See richardsoni, _ Rhamphocottus—....-2.2 22.3) Rocktrout5 222 se Fe A a eae eee ee Roeekfisht black4 s25 322 5226.5 eee eee black-banded2..¢.2vt ds 53252 ee yellow-backed. o-325. =. -33--k eee Ronquilds jordanit a. 6 es ee ee ae TOMTOCKE, “NOWUGTATLIRUS aha 2 ee ee Se eee we ee oe ‘POrOChnWS 22322 * se oe 5 es eee Tosacens,; Sebastodes 22) ah Ex Ss oa ee ee Retind whitelishy. 4S ee See) ee ee eee TUDE: SCOGSHCHINYS sen Soe ee = PUBCTTUMNIUS UT ENOVIES 2 oo ss oe eae ee eee Sebastodes?.. 5 22-2223. See oe ee Trupestre; Kaphidiens.. =. {2 5532. sae Se ee ee TUPCSUTVS; SCHASTUCHINY SS... 5 oa ae eee ee SenasiGdes: 2225: Soe See oe eo AA DM SUOT Soo oka ae oe ee oe ee Trutiert\Neoliparis soos 3h Ae ee ee ee eee saida, Boreogadus........-- EAE ae ae Ren ee a Salmo Clarkia) 2oe525 32222 Soa BS So ee Be ee PUL OSs oe 5 Pe tk eR SEU ee wt ee ees Salmon, bluebaek. 2: 7 ss oh 7 eee ee PalieGe 6c Ste eS ee Be ee ee Salmonidee re oe ce eda scaeeeanc tee pete eee ee eee Salmons: 25552. s2ek 2 bed eR oe ee ee Salvelinws milaia: +22. 25. ..8s. hehe eee ee Sand lances. 2 is25 52220252 tof chs eee ea sapidissima, Alosa2: 2422222 2s s.ecseese ese nte eee Sarritor {7penatus. 3. S22 ives eee eee ee eee ae leptorhynehus: <2. os sack ls eee See 234 264 275 INDEX. Vil Page Page. SHxICOla, SGWAStOGes esate coco ocd «cacti wees oe 284 | Ssordidus, Citharichthys-....--.<.--- 4-: (ee ese 3a oe BOE 358 SCE TICS I elOD See sees as oben eeminis a ieee asap see =e 502ml e SPeCuTUmM CareprocbUsin. a. secs. se cisaee Serine is se sal 333 Seamaster as says 2 io Se Sa wae nao ae Ante ARs wie PROM SDUOtUS © ORbUSm ate mek cee ee she oe oe oe UA ee eye 309 SeanmonmetsShes: meee an ek asc taek ac ons cc eee ees sola OM SUN CIS MCCS ts eee sae cel ee ee eS eee te SS oe 300 Seti oninar OOO ie ere oe ee a ee ea cc ok Se ee ths Melee ees BLOM SPAWOSUS PE UMNCCTOUNCIMUS. a. «nae. see le sete oases ole 331 THEG | es en a a Ae -_; ~ iy £ + - | , t ae > ao hea 5 ORR aps ombie: a 4 . *