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NOTES
FROM THE
LHYDEN MUSEUM.
LEE KAR Y
NOTES
FROM THE 7
LEYDEN MUSEUM
FOUNDED BY THE LATE Prof. H. SCHLEGEL,
CONTINUED BY
Bho AY AEN KEK:
Director of the Museum.
eee
VOL, XXXT.
NEN
tate Hi. J. BRILL PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS. LEYDEN. — 1909.
A: Hh BT oe
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CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXT.
AVES. : Page On Gerygone- and Eurylaimus-species from Java and from Sumatra. By Dr. B. D. van Oort . . . 207. On Birds from the Netherlands en, Eon iy Seateuhier 1908 ‘till 1 September 1909. By Dr. B. D. vaN Oort. (With plate 6). . . 211.
PISCHES.
Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Von Prof. Max Weper, 143.
INSECTA.
Coleoptera.
Neue Aphodiinen und einige es Bemerkungen. Von ADOLF
SCHMIDT . . . 3 . = LON, Synopsis and List of the Betr „species Ean front astride, with joke
cription of a new species from the Island of Sumbawa. By C. Rrr-
SEMA Oz. . . ; ag BE. On three new Gienastinde (Galeoptera): By Stk viene Hae Sere LOO: Pachyteria melancholica, n. sp. /. Described by C. Rrrsema Cz. . . 189. Sur quelques espèces du genre Scarabaeus L. Par le Prof. Dr. JoseePn
TOEN GINGEN. Gna. oon dEN I A javan species of the genus nn Bone diie. der dapjee Described. by. Riu OZ. 258-3.) 1 eee ed Hymenoptera.
Mutillides nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus du Musée ae d’h is- toire naturelle de Leide. Par Ernest ANDRE. . . . AL Ameisen aus Java und Krakatau, beobachtet und Gen von RE EpwArD JACOBSON, bestimmt und beschrieben von Dr. A. Foret. li eEstelnsnnd or Textfiguren)y hes —: 's -. Senet a) a 231,
Neuroptera.
Mecoptera and Planipennia of Insulinde. By Dr. H. W. van DER Weere, with biological notes from Epw. JacoBson. (With 5 plates and 22 textfigures) . . ile Hinige neue exotische Mizelioeoren, Wen came ia ‘(Mit 17 Eeen EEL Gs B Ae re eh Bee ot . 13%,
WI CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXI.
Suctoria.
Page
Pygiopsylla Robinsoni (Rothschild) /. By Dr. A. C. OupEmans. (With etext-figare) pe i. eas ee EN
List of the Suctoria (Retzius 1783), (Aphaniptera Kirby & Spence 1823) in the Leyden Museum. By Dr. A. C. OUDEMANS. . . ... . 201.
VERMES.
Three overlooked Chrysopetalidae. By Dr. R. Horst. . . . . . . 170.
Vol. XXXI was issued in parts in the following order.
N°, 1. — 25 January 1909, Note I. N°. 2. — 6 April 1909, Note II—IV. N°, 3 and 4. — 20 December 1909, Note V—XVI.
MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA OF INSULINDE, i
NOTE LI. MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA OF INSULINDE
BY
Dr. H. W. VAN DER WEELE,
WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES FBOM
EDW. JACOBSON.
Before my departure to Java I intended to give a mono- graphic revision of the Neuropteroidea of Insulinde, but want of time and of sufficient materials forced me to give up this intention and I restricted it to the monographic revision of the Mrcoprera and PrLANIPENNIA, the two orders I studied with special attention since 3 years in béhalf of the „Catalogue des collections du baron K, de Sélys Longchamps”.
The territories that 1 name Insulinde are the Dutch colonies of the malayan and papuan archipelago. I describe also the species known from those parts of Borneo and New Guinea, that do not belong to the dutch possessions, as they very probably also will occur in them. Those of neigh- bouring countries are noted so far as they are important for comparison.
The materials studied are those of the Leyden Museum and some types of Gerstaecker from the Greifswald Museum, which Prof. G. W. Miiller generously communicated to me and that facilitated this work very much. My best thanks for this courtesy, that enabled me to decide many questions about the systematic position of little known species. I had no time to work out materials of other museums, though I
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI. IE
2 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
am acquainted with many fine new species from this terri- tory. Only the described species that I saw in those Mu- seums are here redescribed, though they are not represented in Leyden.
I am endebted for many interesting biological notes to my friend Edw. Jacobson in Batavia, whose accurate ob- servations are very valuable contributions to the biology of these so neglected orders of insects. In future 1 hope to collaborate with him in the same agreeable way.
Though of little economic value the larvae of some species of Chrysopa and Micromus are observed by Dr. L. Zehntner to be useful by the destruction of Aphidae and Coccidae.
No doubt many species and genera will still be detected in these orders to which so little attention has been paid. Their biology also will surely give opportunity to many interesting discoveries.
Key to the orders.
The imagines are slender mediocre insects, with four equal, narrow wings, that have many furcated longitudinal veins, which scarcely are connected by some crossveins. In rest the wings are held horizontally, the forewings cover than the hindwings. The mouthparts are produced into a long beak, at the tip of which the short mandibles are inserted. Antennae very long and threadlike, nearly as long as the wings. Legs very long and slender, longer than the body. Body slender.
The larvae live, so far as is known, in the earth; they are carnivorous, with biting mandibles, and they pupate in the ground without cocon. Pupa libera.
Mecoprera (PANORPATA). Scorpionflies.
Imagines from moderately large to minute insects, with four nearly equal wings with a dense reticulated nervature, which are held rooflike in the rest. Mouthparts never forming a
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXI.
OF INSULINDE. 3)
beak, only somewhat produced. Antennae varying from short clubs to long setae. Legs much shorter and thicker, shorter than the body. Body shorter or longer than the wings,
Larvae living on land, seldom in water, carnivorous, with long pierced mandibles with which they suck out their prey, consisting in other insects. Cocon always spherical, spun on leaves or in the ground, Pupa libera.
PLANIPENNIA.
PART I,
MEcoprTERA. (With 1 plate and 8 text-figures).
These curious insects are hitherto only known from Java and Sumatra, and all species belong to the genera Panorpa and Zeptopanorpa, which are characteristic by the long abdominal segments of the male, the last one being produced into a cheliferous segment. No doubt the asian and australian genus Bittacus and the australian genus Chorista will also be found in some parts. So far as is known the species I enu- merate here are collected in mountainous regions, Nothing is known about their biology and development.
Key to the genera.
_ Abdomen of the © as long as the wings or somewhat longer, cheliferous segment sessile or very shortly pedunculate.
Panorpa Linné. -
Abdomen of the <7 much longer, about twice, than the wings, cheliferous segment longly pedunculate.
Leptopanorpa Me. Lachl. Genus Panorpa Linné (1758).
The malayan species of this genus are, so far the males
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. X XXI.
4 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
are known, different by the curious process of the hindborder of the third tergit, which bears a very variable clubshaped prominency, that rests upon an elevation of the fourth tergit and which does not exist in the european species. I would propose for this group, that overleads to Leptopanorpa, the subgeneric name of Neopanorpa. The females are not dif- ferent from those of european species.
The colours of the wings are like those of the european species, or they are less developed and may also wholly disappear. In the latter case the males have a long and slender abdomen and are only distinct from Leptopanorpa by the sessile ninth or cheliferous segment. In all species the subcosta joins the costa at the pterostigma in the forewings and in the hindwings about in the middle.
Key to the species.
Abdomen of the male as long as or scarcely longer than the wings. Wings more or less spotted with fuscous. A pterostigmatical crossband always developed . . 1
Abdomen of the male much longer than the wings, segments 7 and 8 long and very slender. Wings hyaline or with apical patch, no pterostigmatical dark crossband. 2
1. Apex of the wings fuscous. . . 3 Apex of the wings hyaline, a z- sath aaa pterosticmalieae erossband. Huse ran Ghee Me te oh
3. The pterostigmatical crossband connected with the apex, m-shaped, a crossband before the middle of the wing. Abdomen of the 7” very long. . . javanica Westw.
The same ecrossband simple, apical patch with latero- basal prominency in the forewing. Abdomen of the male not longer than the wings. . . angustipennis Westw.
The same crossband simple, much narrower, apical patch quadrangular... .. .°.. '.:-. leren Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXL.
OF INSULINDE, _ 5
As in miilleri but the crossband of the hindwings divided MeeIWOK) DEAN <i. vel J “Wigaranensis, n. subsp.
2. Wings unspotted. . . . . nematogaster Mc. Lachl.
Wings with fuscous apex . . . . jacobsoni, n. sp.
Panorpa angustipennis Westwood. (Plate 1, fig. 1, 0”).
Panorpa angustipennis Westwood, Transact. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2) I, p. 6 (1852). Java.
This species, described by Westwood from a female, remembers somewhat the european communis L. but has a much smaller size.
Black. Head black with very long black rostrum and yellow palpi with brown tips.
Antennae black. Head and dorsum of the thorax black.
Breast redbrown. Legs brown. Abdomen black, the three last segments of the © and the Fig. 1. 5 first sternits, yellow. Third ter- git of the © at its hindborder with a small knobbed prominency that rests with its tip upon a carina of the fourth tergit.
Wings narrow, hyaline with black pattern. A broad pterostigmatical band reaches the hindborder in both wings and is connected along the foreborder with a quadrangular large apical spot, that has in the fore- wing an oblique distal prominency. In the forewings there is a small turned t-shaped spot in the middle, which does not touch the borders. 4
The gonopoda of the ©” (fig. 1) P. angustipennis Westw. are interesting by the form ofthe 9th segment of /, underside. genitalvalves which are long, slender and pointed at the
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. X XXI.
6 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
tip. The branches of the forceps are nearly straight and have a broad obtuse dent at the base. The tips are slightly curved and crossing one another.
Body of 13 mm, forew. 12/, mm., hindw. 11 mm.
gr. br. 3 mm., gr. br. 2!/, mm.
Habitat: Java.
Westwood's description is made after a female. I examined one © from Western Java, Preanger, collected by the well-known lepidopterist Mr. M. C. Piepers.
Panorpa javanica Westwood.
Panorpa javanica Westwood, Transact. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2) I, p. 5 (1852). Java.
This species is nearly related to angustipennis Westw. and of the same size. The differences are: a broad black erossband before the middle of the wing, a black point at the anterior border in the middle, a very broad sr-shaped pterostigmatical patch, which is connected at the anterior border with the broad apical patch. The latter is bordered towards the base by a straight line.
The abdomen of the male is very long and slender.
Habitat: Java and Sumatra.
In the British Museum I saw in 1906 specimens from both islands.
Panorpa miilleri, n. sp.
Very similar and nearly related to P. angustipennis Westw., but differing from it in the following points:
The pterostigmatical fascia about half so narrow. The apical spot is considerably smaller and only narrowly con- nected with the pterostigma along the foreborder. In the hindwing it is nearly wholly separated from it. The distal prominency of it in angustipennis is only indicated by a right angle. The rest of the wing is hyaline.
Body, legs etc. as in angustipennis.
The gonopoda of the ©’ differ in the following points:
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. X XXI.
OF INSULINDE. 7
the ninth segment is broader and shorter, yellow, with a black forceps, the tips of which are crossed and more curved. The genital valves are black, yellow at the base, the apical parts are applied against one another and the tips are obtusely angulated.
Body o' 13 mm., forew. 14 mm., hindw. 12'/, mm. Q 9mm, gr. br. 3 mm, gr. br. 2*/, mm.
Habitat: Java.
One male and four females from Java, collected by S. Müller, without indications of more special localities, and one female from Mount Ardjoeno in East Java, collected by Hekmeyer. The species is dedicated to its first collector.
Panorpa mülleri ungaranensis, n. subsp.
(Plate 1, fig. 2, Q).
Different from typical miillert-specimens by its smaller size.
The rostrum about one fifth Fig. 2 shorter and the palpi brown with black tips.
The colour of the breast is more bright fulvous, but the gonopoda (fig. 2) and other parts are as in mülleri,
The wings have the same pat- tern, but the pterostigmatical fascia it always incomplete in the hind- wings, it is divided in two spots, the posterior one is paler and much smaller, nearly quadrangular.
The apical spot of the forewing has an obtuse angle and in the hindwing it is bordered by a Bee:
5 : p P. mülleri ungaranensis, n. subsp. straight oblique line. 9th segment of /, undersid.
Habitat: Java.
I examined one male and four females from Central Java,
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXI.
8 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
Semarang Residency, collected in October 1905 by E. Jacobson on Mount Oengaran.
Panorpa pi, nov. spec.
(Plate 1, fig. 3, 9).
About of the same size as mülleri but readily distinct from it by the following characters:
Head, rostrum and antennae shining black. Breast yellow to lightbrown, the dorsum brown to blackish brown. Legs yellowish brown. Abdomen black, reaching in the ©” somewhat further than the tip of the wings.
Fig. 3.
' P. pi, n. sp. 9th segment of /, underside.
Wings greyish hyaline, broad spa- tuliform at the tip, apical marking wanting, so that it is hyaline. Ptero- stigmatical marking in the form of the grecian character z, the apical leg of which has about one half of the length of the basal and not reaching the hindborder in the hindwing. Nervature redbrown.
In the © the prominency of the third tergit is straight, about twice longer than in miilleri, slightly thick- ened at its tip and reaching about the middle of the fourth tergit, which is elevated. The segments 7 and 8 are equal, about once and a half longer than the sixth. The ninth (fig. 3) is blackish brown, narrow at its base, very broad at the tip. The forceps has
yellow, curved tips and is not denticulated at the base. The genitalvalves are very long and narrow, little enlarged at the apex and reaching the base of the forceps.
Body ¥ 15 mm., forew. 12'/, mm., hindw. 11'/, mm.
Q 10 »
„gr „br, AB bu eg. br. ae ae
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. Xx XXI.
“OF INSULINDE, - 9
Habitat: Java. One couple from Central Java, Semarang Residency, Mount Oengaran, collected by E. Jacobson in October 1905.
Panorpa nematogaster Mac Lachlan.
Panorpa nematogaster Mac Lachlan, Transact. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1869, p. 69, Pl. IV, fig. 12 (1869); 1. c. 1875, p. 188 (1875). Java,
Head, antennae and abdomen black. Pronotum black with reddish lines at the sides of the hindborder. Meso- and metanotum redbrown. Breast read, with two small black points on each side. Rostrum reddish, with a dark broad stripe down the front. Palpi rufous, the apical joint black. Legs reddish, claws with two broad and blunt teeth inter- nally below the apex. In the © the breast and legs are more obscurely reddish, somewhat fuscescent. Wings very narrow, shining pale yellowish testaceous, without markings of any kind, with the exception of the narrow pterostigma which is slightly fuscescent; veins blackish, subcosta reaching to the pterostigma in the anterior Fig. 4, wings, not so in the posterior wing.
Abdomen of the © very slender; third tergit produced in the middle of its apical margin into a long slender curved process, slightly dilated at the extremity; fourth with a small tubercle; third, fourth and fifth nearly equal in length; sixth nearly twice the length of the fifth, gradually but slightly narrowed towards the apex, which is obliquely truncate; seventh and eighth each about twice the length of the sixth, very slender, the apex gradually dilated; ninth small, the
2 P. nematogaster Me. L. forceps very long, the points curved Goniiavalye ofthe d
and crossing each other; genitalvalves lateral view. (fig. 4) short and thick, truncated at the apex, straight.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. Xx XXI.
10 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
Body { 26 mm, forew. {13,Q 13!/} mm., hindw. °{ 12, Q 121/, mm. QI » ‚gr.br. 12,9 3 w ‚gr.br. J 2',,92, vw.
Habitat: Java.
The types are in the Oxford and British Museums; they are from Java and collected by Wallace. In the Leyden Museum are two couples from Java, collected by S. Müller, and one ¢ from Ambarawa, Hast Java, collected by Lude- king, which are identified by Mac Lachlan.
Panorpa jacobsoni, n. sp. (Plate 1, fig. 4, ’).
Nearly related to nematogaster, but readily distinct by the following characters:
Smaller, the body of the same colour but the rostrum blackish brown, very narrowly yellow at the sides. Palpi brownish with black annulations and tip. Thorax yellow
Fig. 5.
P. jacobsoni, n. sp. P. jacobsoni, u. sp. 9th segment of /, underside. Genitalvalve of /, lateral vicw.
orange, the pro- and mesonotum blackish in the anterior half. Legs yellowish. The tarsi with dark annulations.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI.
OF INSULINDE, ef
Abdomen black in the 7, the process of the third tergit is somewhat broader in its latero-basal part and the tubercle of the fourth is somewhat higher. The seventh and eighth segments are relatively shorter. The ninth (fig. 5) is somewhat shorter pedunculate and narrower, the tips of the forceps are more strongly crossed. The genitalvalves (fig. 6) are in lateral view narrower and acutely angulate at the tip.
The wings are of the same colour and form. The tips only are fuscous.
Body & 20 mm., forewing © 11'/, mm., hindw. of 11 mm, gr. br. o 2, » , gr. br.’ 2"/, ® -
Habitat: Java. One male from Central Java, Semarang Residency, Mount Oengaran, October 1905, collected by E. Jacobson, is in
the Leyden Museum. I dedicate this interesting species to its collector.
Genus Leptopanorpa Mac Lachlan (1875). Transact. Ent, Soc. Lond. 1875, p. 187 (1875).
This genus is merely based upon the characters of the cj’ and is characterised by the slenderness of all parts. The body is very long, the basal segments of the abdomen are long, the 3 terminal ones very long and thread-like, the cheliferous segment is elongate-pedunculate. The wings are very narrow and the rostrum and legs are exceedingly long.
An approach and rather a transition to this genus form species as P. nematogaster and jacobsoni, but the ninth segment is here sessile or shortly pedunculate.
The typical species ritsemae and sieboldi occur in Japan, and in Insulinde this genus in represented by the following new species: |
“_Leptopanorpa longicauda, n. sp. (Plate 1, fig. 5, ).
This new species remembers in size and colour of the
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol, XX XI,
12 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
wings very much the P. nematogaster M. Lachl. It is different from it by the following characters: Rostrum wholly yellow, palpi reddish, the tip of the last joint black. Head black. Antennae brown except the two basal joints, wbich are reddish. Thorax blackish brown above, with two oval red spots on the meso- and metathorax, Breast yellow, with two pairs of black points at the sides, Legs reddish yellow with dark annulations of the tarsi. Wings pale yellowish testaceous, the subcosta joins the costa at the pterostigma in the forewing, in the hindwing however much before it. Pterostigma yellowish brown, scarcely visible. Nervature dark brown. Abdomen of the 4
Fig. 7. Fig. 8.
Leptopanorpa longicauda, n. sp. Leptopanorpa longicauda, n. sp. 9th segment of /, underside. the same, lateral view.
very long and slender, twice so long as the forewing, rufous brown, the sixth segment black in the basal half and the cauda yellowish. Prominency of the third tergit
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. Xx XXI.
EE ap
OF INSULINDE. 13
straight, clubbed at the apex, which bears short black spines at its underside. The fourth tergit has a very slight elevation in the middle. Third, fourth and fifth segment equal in length, the sixth nearly three times longer than the fifth, the seventh and eighth three times longer than the sixth, and the ninth (fig. 7) longly pedunculate, the peduncle as long as the rest and the forceps together. Forceps strongly curved, with crossed tips. Genitalvalve (fig. 8) narrow and slender, with pointed tip.
Body + 32 mm., forewing 14 mm., hindw. 12 mm. Abd. o 28 mm., gr. br. 3 mm, gr. br. 2'/, mm. Habitat: Java.
One male, only indicated Java and collected by 8. Müller.
A doubtfull species is still:
Panorpa charpentieri Burmeister. Handb. Entomol. II, p. 958 (1839).
In the Leyden Museum is a female of a Panorpa from Java, named by Dr. S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven P. charpentieri, which agrees very well with Burmeister’s description; but as I have not seen the types, the description being very short and the locality the very general indication »Ost-Indien”’, so I doubt it is the real charpentieri.
There are in the Leyden Museum also fragments of another undescribed species from Java collected by S. Müller. No doubt the number of species, known from Insulinde, will considerably increase in future,
PART II. PLANIPENNIA. (With 4 plates and 14 text-figures),
Though as widely distributed as the Mecoprera, this order Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXI.
14 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
of primitif insects contains much more species, belonging to the following families :
Antennae clubbed at the apex, longer or shorter. 1. Antennae not clubbed at the apex. . . ... 3.
1. Antennae short, rarely as long as head and thorax together. Wings with dense nervature, their apicalfield
with many rows of oblique cells. — Larvae living in dry earth; running backwards and mostly making pittfalls (ant-lions). . . . . « « « «+ «+ Myrmeleonidae.
Antennae very long, as long as the body. Wings much less densely reticulated, their apicalfield with 2—4 rows
of large cells. — Larvae with 2 digitiform appendices at each abdominal segment; running forwards and not making pittfalls. . . . . . © . «Ascalaphidae.
2. Mouth produced into a short beak, hindwings very long and narrow, setiform . . . . . . . Nemopteridae.
Mouth conical, hindwings of the same form as the fore- _ wings or only somewhat smaller and narrower, wanting in some species but never setiform. . . . . . 3.
3. Body and wings with a white exudation, nervature rather simple, but a few cross-veins; very minute forms.
| Coniopterygidae.
Body without a white exudation . . .... 4,
4, Anterior legs deformed to raptorial legs. Mantispidae. All legs nearly equal user Weeen GOC
5. One radial sector, parallel with the radius and forming the branches for the disc of the wing ... . 6.
Radialsector wanting and the branches emerging im- mediately from the radius, so that there seem to be many radialsectors. . . . . « « … Hemerobidae.
6. Antennae moniliform, short or moderately long, mostly shorter than the wings oe tet eet ON
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXL.
OF INSULINDE. 15
Antennae setiform, very long and mostly thin. Body and wingvenation of a ae yellow green colour. Areolum Simple. 1. eer oet woo ev Chrysopidae. 7. Antennae shorter tad the body, thick, moniliform. Areolum large, bifid . . . . . « «. Nymphidae. Antennae as long as the body or longer, thin. Areolum simple or with an incision in the middle. Ocelli deve- lopedwonvabsent ss. 0 Sa Shea ee! ver Osmiylidae:
Ascalaphidae.
This family, to which the largest Planipennia belong, remembers by the colour and form of the wings much the Odonata and by the long clubbed antennae the Rhopalocera. As I have recently described it thoroughly in the » Catalogue des collections zoologiques du baron EH. de Sélys Long- champs”, 1 refer to this work for the species of Insulinde.
The biology and development are unknown of nearly all species and many new forms are surely to be detected.
Myrmeleonidae.
The Myrmeleonidae or Ant-lions are familiar to every entomologist by the curious habits of the larva which, living in dry earth or sand, goes backwards and makes often pitt- falls to prey insects.
The imagines are nocturn, also prey on insects as nearly all other Planipennia and are characterised by the short, mostly broadly clubbed antennae, the elongate densely reti- culated wings, which have the apicalfield with many rows of oblique cells. The postcosta of the wings, the length and form of the antennae, the legs and comparative length and form of the spurs are of most systematical value. The pattern of the head and pronotum are of much value to distinguish the species and their subspecies.
Key to the genera.
Male with the app. sup. developed into a forceps. An- Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXI.
16
MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
tennae very short, broadly clubbed. Wings short and rather broad, yellow, with many black irregular trans- verse lines on the forewing and. ditto spots on the hind- wing. Legs short and strong, posterior spurs as long as the two basal joints. . . . . . Tomatares Hagen.
Male with the app. sup. short, valvular, never forming BOWOREGDS Vico ties Met ce at onee
Hindwings shorter or scarcely longer than the fore- MAER Sc) Ss <a ep apa eee int, Se) ot, se
Hindwings much longer than the forewings, very elon- gate with acute curved tips. Nervature extremely dense. Antennae long, as long as head and thorax together, only little clavate at the tip. Legs short and strong, the spurs strong, a little curved, as long as the two basal joints. .... te vin herte Je!) ope ipisahis GEER
Antennae shorter than head and thorax together, more or less clavate. Wings hyaline, postcosta and ramus obliquus united in both wings.«Tibialspurs as long as the metatarsus or shorter, the latter shorter than the last tareal joint + acl.) pek aorta ijn niel enh
Wings spotted with dark points, antennae as long as head and thorax together or longer, more or les cla- vate 5 te Byte ee eee ny ts te a ee
Wings nearly equal in length, the hindwings a little shorter. Membrane with spare white and brown markings. Antennae long, scarcely enlarged towards the apex. Legs very long and slender, the metatarsus very long, nearly as long as the other joints together, tibial spurs thin and feeble, unequal, the exterior one as long as the metatarsus, the interior about two thirds of it. Last joint with many black spines, especially at the underside. Paraglenurus, nov. gen.
Wings about as in Paraglenurus, antennae longer and more clavate, abdomen of the © as in the foregoing
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI.
OF INSULINDE. 17
genera shorter than the wings. Legs short and strong. The metatarsus scarcely longer than the other joints. Spurs strong, curved, as long as the 4 basal joints. Last joint longer than the others together, with long, almost straight claws.
Formicaleo Leach.
Nearly related to Formicaleo but distinct by the longer abdomen of the male, being as long as the wings, which are broader towards the somewhat curved tips. Tarsi very long. The metatarsus and last joint nearly equal in length, as long as the 3 intermediate joints together. Spurs straight, as long as the metatarsus. Claws with an interior dent near the tip. Four rows of spines on the underside of the last joint. . Pseudoformicaleo, nov. gen.
Genus Tomatares Hagen (1866). Hagen, Stett. Ent. Zeit. XXVII, p. 372 (1866).
This genus is allied with the larger african Myrmeleonidae as Palpares, Crambomorphus etc. It has the general form of Palpares, but is much smaller in size. The wings are rather broad, with a dense pale nervature. The antennae are short, nearly as long as the head is broad. The tarsi are short, with the joints equal in length, only the last joint is longer. The tibialspurs are as long as the two basal tarsal joints. Colour of the body yellow with dark markings, that of the wings pale yellow with black transverse lines in the forewings and some at the apex of the hindwings, Male with the app. sup. long and forming a forceps.
Habitat: Africa and South Asia.
The species inhabiting Insulinde is:
Tomatares pardalis (Fabricius).
Myrmeleon pardalis Fabricius, Spec. Ins. p. 393, n°. 2 (1781), Coromandel; Mant. Ins. p. 249, n°. 2 (1787); Ent. Syst. II, p. 92, n°. 2 (1793). — Gmelin, Syst. Nat. Ed. XIII, p. 2643, n°. 7 (1798). — Olivier, Encycl. Méthod. VIII, p. 122, n°. 8 (1825). — Donovan, Insects of China (1798). — Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Neur. p. 405, n°. 192 (1853).
Tomatares pardalis Mac Lachlan, Ent. monthl. Mag. XX. p. 184 (1884).
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI. 2
18 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
Myrmeleon compositus Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Neur. p. 397, n°. 166 (1853), North India, North Bengal.—Mac Lachlan, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. IX, p. 281 (1867),
Antennae very short, with a broad club; black, the basal third rufous,
Head moderately broad, orange, a broad shining black line above the antennae and a ditto spot between the an- tennae connected with it. Vertex unicolorous, Prothorax much broader than long, with three black points which are often connected to a black transverse band. Meso- and metathorax of the same colour, each with a shining black spot on the scutellum. Breast of the same colour as the dorsum, with black spots and lines between the coxae. Legs rather short and strong, the femora yellow with an exterior black line, the tibiae black, excepted the base which is yellow, tarsi black. Spurs black, strongly curved, as long as the first tarsal joint. Claws long, black. Abdomen of the © a little shorter than the hindwing, that of the female shorter, yellow, the tergits with black broad lateral stripes, the third tergit in the male nearly black with dense erected brown hairs. Venter yellow with a dark longitudinal stripe in the middle. The male with two slightly curved, yellow app. sup. which are about as long as the penultimate segment.
Wings moderately long and broad, similar in shape, cream to yellowish white with white nervature. The forewings with mtany very irregular, more or less connected, narrow, black transverse lines and in the costalfield are blotches of the same colour. In the hindwing there is only a dark spot in the middle and some stripes at the apex. The pattern is very variable. The pterostigma is white in both wings. The male has a small sepiabrown pelotte.
Body 0 36 mm., forew. 32 mm., hindw. 31 mm., ant. 4mm. Abd. & 27 mm., gr. br. 10 mm., gr. br. 9'/, mm. App. & 2!/, mm.
Habitat: India and Java. The type is described from Coromandel. Walker described
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI.
OF INSULINDE, 19
it under the-name compositus from North India and North Bengal. I saw in the British Museum a specimen collected by Dr. Horsfield in Java. |
Probably this is still a different subspecies of the con- tinental form, but as the species also occurs nearly un- differentiated in Africa (clavicornis Latr.) it is better to decide this question with more material.
Echthromyrmex orientalis Mac Lachlan. Mac Lachlan, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XVI, p. 143 (1873). Moluccas.
I saw the type in the collection de Sélys in Brussels and no doubt the mentioned locality is wrong, as there is in the same collection a quite similar specimen from Burmah. As the other species of this genus, E. platypterus Me. Lachl., is from Bagdad and as I saw an undescribed species from Ceylon in the British Museum, I presume that it does not extend so far as Insulinde.
Genus Formicaleo Leach (1815). Leach, Edinburg Encycl. IX, p. 138 (1815).
This genus has the tarsi analogous with Zomatares, but the spurs are much longer (as long as the four basal joints); the last joint is much longer. The antennae are longer than head and thorax together and clubbed at the apex. The wings are hyaline, spotted with some dark atoms, and about equal in length, long and narrow. Gonopoda of the o' short and the app. sup. valvular.
This genus occurs in all parts of the world. In Insulinde it is represented by the following widely spread species:
Formicaleo audax (Walker). (Plate 2, fig. 6).
Myrmeleon audax Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Neur. p. 338, n°. 64 (1858). Nepaul. 5 gravis Walker, 1. c. p. 339, n°. 65 (1853). Ceylon. vafer Walker, 1. c. p. 345, n°. 73 (1853). N. S. Wales.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI.
2
20 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
Myrmeleon dirus Walker, 1. c. p. 346, n°. 74 (1853). Ceylon. = lentus Walker, 1. c. p. 346, n°. 75 (1853). East Indies. Fs desperatus Walker, 1. c. p. 359, n°. 98 (1853). New Holland. pi perniciosus Walker, 1.’ c. p. 360, n°. 99 (1853). P pn malefidus Walker, 1.c. p. 364, n°. 108 (1853). v. Diemensland, N, Holl. ra acutus Walker, 1. c. p. 377, n°. 184 (1853). New Zealand. és Pinsomnis Walker, }. c. p. 385, n°. 147 (1853). P Formicaleo morpheus Kirby, Monogr. Christmas Isl. p. 140,t. 14, f. 3 (1900).
Christmas Island.
P Formicaleo longicornis Brauer, Novara Exp. Zool. II, Neur. p. 42 (1865).
Sambelong, Nicobars.
Antennae black, narrowly annulated with yellow. Apex
only a little enlarged.
Head as broad as the mesothorax, the underside, mouth- parts and labrum yellow. Tips of mandibles black. A
Fig. 9.
Formicaleo audax (Walk.). Head and prothorax of /, upperside.
black stripe be- tween and two black triangles above the anten- nae, Vertex lu- teous, with two rows of black markings (fig. 9), which are often somewhatcovered by a grey exu- dation. Occiput brown. Prothorax brown with three luteousstripes,the median one very fine and narrow, the lateral ones irregular. Meso- and metathorax brown, with irre-
gular yellow spots. Breast luteous, brown at the sides, covered all over with a grey exudation and with short
white hairs.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXI.
OF INSULINDE, 21
Legs short and stout, luteous to brown, with white hairs and black spines. Femora brown above, luteous beneath. Coxae luteous. Tibiae luteous beneath, densely spotted with black above. Tarsi black, the articulations and the base of the basal and apical joint red. Claws very strong, red, black at the tip. Spurs curved, black at the tip, as long as the first four tarsal joints.
Abdomen long and stout, shorter than the wings. Dorsum brown with four luteous markings, viz.: a quadrangular one at the frontborder, almost connected with a triangular one at the hind border, which occupies more than one half of the segment, and two lateral round ones about at the middle. In the posterior segments they are connected to a luteous cross, but often the abdomen shows no light markings by decomposition of the entrails, Venter luteous with a broad darker median line.
Gonopoda very short and inconspicuous, the male with a very small triangular genitalvalve and short valvular app. sup.
. Wings elongate and narrow with acute tips, the posterior as long as, but narrower than the anterior ones. Nervature not very dense, all veins spotted with white, the longitu- dinal veins show this very clear, especially the subcosta and radius. Costalveins simple, only some of them before the pterostigma are forked. Pterostigma whitish, oval, small, with a dark spot at the junction of radius and subcosta, which spot is larger in the forewings and much more distinct. Apical part with pale oblique lines where the veins are white and with broadly brown suffused gradate veins, forming 2, 3 or more rows in the forewings, in the hindwings they are much less distinct and often absent. The posteosta and ramus obliquus of the forewings are distinctly united and at their junction often a brown spot is to be seen that is very large in some individuals. In the hindwings the ramus obliquus is very short and the subcosta does not reach it; there is no dark spot at this place. A pelotte is not developed.
The dimensions of the species vary much, also the colours of wings and body depending from the state of maturity.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX XI.
22 MECOPTERA AND PLANIPENNIA
Body 27—35 mm., forow. 31—38 mm., hindw. 31—38 mm., ant. 7—11 mm. abd. 20—25 mm., gr. br. 6—8 mm. gr. br, 5—7 mm.
Habitat: India, Ceylon, China, Japan, Insulinde, Australia, van Diemensland and New Zealand.
This species is so extremely variable, that I believe it impossible to distinguish subspecies with certainty. All variations occur in the different localities from which I saw materials.
After the localities the following subspecies are probably to be distinguished:
Formicaleo audax audax (Walker).
This is synonymous with lentus Wlk. and the form of Continental India.
Formicaleo audax gravis (Walker).
Synonymous with dirus Wlk. and the form of Ceylon.
Formicaleo audax vafer (Walker).
Synonymous with desperatus W1k. and the form of Aus- tralia. Probably perniciosus Wlk. and insomnis WlIk., of which no fatherland is known, belong also to this form.
Formicaleo audax malefidus (Walker). This is the form of van Diemensland, the specimens from New Holland belong to vafer Wlk. Formicaleo audax acutus (Walker). Is the more aberrant form of New Zealand. Formicaleo audax morpheus Kirby.
Can probably be separated as the form of Christmas Island, south from Java.
I examined a pretty series from Insulinde from the following. localities :
Banka, two females collected by Teysman and Budding.
Java, one specimen collected by S. Müller, one male collected by Mr. M. C. Piepers, one male from Ambarawa, Central Java, collected by Ludeking and one small male collected in Semarang by Edw. Jacobson.